案列：Nginx+Tomcat负载均衡、动静分离群集-EW帮帮网

一、案列：部署Tomcat（在192.168.10.102和192.168.10.103）

1.关闭防火墙

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0

2.安装java环境

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install java
[root@localhost ~]# java -version

3.安装tomcat

[root@localhost ~]# tar zxvf apache-tomcat-9.0.8.tar.gz 
[root@localhost ~]# mv apache-tomcat-9.0.8 /usr/local/tomcat8

4.启动tomcat

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat8/bin/startup.sh
[root@localhost ~]# netstat -anpt | grep java

5.创建测试网页

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /web/webapp1
[root@localhost ~]# vim /web/webapp1/index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> 
<html>   
<head>
     <title>JSP test1 page</title>
</head>
   <body>
     <% out.println("动态页面 1,http://www.test1.com");%>
   </body> 
   <body> 
    <div>动态页面的图片 1</div><br><img src="logo.jpg"> 
   </body> 
</html>

6.修改tomcat主配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat8/conf/server.xml 

      <Host name="localhost"  appBase="webapps"
            unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
        <Context docBase="/web/webapp1" path="" />
        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
               prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt"
               pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" />
      </Host>

7.重启tomcat

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat8/bin/shutdown.sh 
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/tomcat8/bin/startup.sh

8.客户端访问测试

http://192.168.10.102:8080 ##注意：此时看不到图片，图片要放到nginx上，由nginx解析

备注：

另外一台tomcat用同样的方法部署

二、nginx配置（在192.168.10.101）

1.安装nginx

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install pcre-devel zlib-devel gcc*
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
[root@localhost ~]# tar zxvf nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz 
[root@localhost ~]# cd nginx-1.12.0
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.0]# make && make install

[root@localhost nginx-1.12.0]# ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/sbin/

2.编辑测试网页文件

[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/html/index.html 
<body> 
<h1>静态页面</h1> 
<p>这是个静态页面</p> 
</body>

3.添加图片

[root@nginx ~]# mkdir /usr/local/nginx/html/img //创建静态文件目录 
[root@nginx ~]# cp /root/logo.jpg /usr/local/nginx/html/img

4.修改主配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

（1）在http配置项中添加

upstream tomcat_server {
        server 192.168.10.102:8080 weight=1;
        server 192.168.10.103:8080 weight=1;
}

（2）在server配置项中添加

charset utf-8;
location / {
       root   html;
       index  index.html index.htm;
}

location ~ .*\.jsp$ {
        proxy_set_header HOST $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header Client-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_pass http://tomcat_server;
}

location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$ {
        root /usr/local/nginx/html/img;
        expires 30d;
}

备注：

proxy_set_header HOST $host;

把原http请求中的Header中的Host字段放到转发的请求报文里，后端的web服务器利用这个host判断请求的是哪个虚拟主机

proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;

使用$remote_addr变量获得用户的真实ip，$remote_addr一般都是设置第一个代理上面。当一个请求通过多个代理服务器时，用户的IP将会被代理服务器IP覆盖

proxy_set_header Client-IP $remote_addr;

获取客户端ip地址

proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;

从客户的真实ip为起点，穿过多层级的proxy ，最终到达web 服务器，都会记录下来。所以在获取用户真实ip的时候，最后一个nginx配置此变量，用来获取客户端的ip地址

5.启动nginx

[root@localhost ~]# nginx

6.修改tomcat的配置文件，并重启tomcat

  <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
               prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt"
               pattern="%a %r %t %{X-Real-IP}i" resolveHosts="false" />

注意：

在nginx配置文件中用X-Real-IP保存了客户端的真是IP地址，在tomcat中就需要将X-Real-IP解析出来，显示到tomcat的日志中。

7.测试

浏览器打开网站

（1）静态网站测试

http://192.168.10.101

（2）动态网站测试

http://192.168.10.101/index.jsp

（3）查看tomcat的日志文件

[root@localhost ~]# cat /usr/local/tomcat/logs/localhost_access_log.2024-07-09.txt
192.168.10.1 - - [09/Jul/2024:11:12:36 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 221
192.168.10.1 - - [09/Jul/2024:11:12:36 +0800] "GET /logo.jpg HTTP/1.1" 404 1081
192.168.10.1 - - [09/Jul/2024:11:12:39 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 221
192.168.10.1 - - [09/Jul/2024:11:12:39 +0800] "GET /logo.jpg HTTP/1.1" 404 1081
192.168.10.101 - - [09/Jul/2024:11:29:51 +0800] "GET /index.jsp HTTP/1.0" 200 221
192.168.10.101 - - [09/Jul/2024:11:29:52 +0800] "GET /index.jsp HTTP/1.0" 200 221
192.168.10.101 - - [09/Jul/2024:11:29:55 +0800] "GET /index.jsp HTTP/1.0" 200 221
192.168.10.101 GET /index.jsp HTTP/1.0 [09/Jul/2024:11:32:59 +0800] 192.168.10.1
192.168.10.101 GET /index.jsp HTTP/1.0 [09/Jul/2024:11:32:59 +0800] 192.168.10.1
192.168.10.101 GET /index.jsp HTTP/1.0 [09/Jul/2024:11:33:00 +0800] 192.168.10.1
192.168.10.101 GET /index.jsp HTTP/1.0 [09/Jul/2024:11:33:00 +0800] 192.168.10.1

案列：Nginx+Tomcat负载均衡、动静分离群集