Spring Boot中的全局异常处理：@RestControllerAdvice的应用

发布于：2024-08-03 ⋅ 阅读:(84) ⋅ 点赞:(0)

在现代Web开发中，异常处理是一个不可或缺的部分。良好的异常处理不仅能提高系统的健壮性，还能提升用户体验。在Spring Boot中，全局异常处理的实现可以通过使用@RestControllerAdvice注解来完成。本文将详细介绍如何使用@RestControllerAdvice和@ExceptionHandler来统一处理异常，并给出具体的实现示例。

1. @RestControllerAdvice概述

@RestControllerAdvice是Spring MVC提供的一个功能强大的注解，用于全局处理控制器中的异常。它相当于@ControllerAdvice和@ResponseBody的组合，可以用于定义以下三种功能：

  1. @ExceptionHandler：处理特定的异常，并将响应返回给前端。
  2. @InitBinder：预处理Web请求数据的绑定。
  3. @ModelAttribute：将数据绑定到模型中，以便在控制器的@RequestMapping方法中使用。

@RestControllerAdvice自动被Spring的组件扫描机制检测到，若应用通过MVC命令空间或MVC Java编程方式配置，该功能默认自动开启。

2. 实现全局异常处理

在实现全局异常处理时，我们通常会定义一个异常处理类，这个类中包含多个异常处理方法，每个方法对应一种或多种异常类型。下面是一个典型的实现示例。

2.1 全局异常处理器

import com.sugon.cloud.lowcode.result.ReturnResult;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.mybatis.spring.MyBatisSystemException;
import org.springframework.web.HttpRequestMethodNotSupportedException;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ExceptionHandler;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestControllerAdvice;

import javax.naming.AuthenticationException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import static com.sugon.cloud.lowcode.constants.SplitCharacter.LEFT_PARENTHESES;
import static com.sugon.cloud.lowcode.constants.SplitCharacter.RIGHT_PARENTHESES;
import static com.sugon.cloud.lowcode.result.CodeMessageEnum.*;

@RestControllerAdvice
@Slf4j
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {

  @ExceptionHandler(value = BizException.class)
  @ResponseBody
  public ReturnResult bizExceptionHandler(HttpServletRequest req, BizException e) {
    log.error("发生业务异常: {}, 请求接口: {}", e.getMessage(), req.getRequestURI());
    return ReturnResult.error(e.getCode(), e.getMessage());
  }

  @ExceptionHandler(value = NullPointerException.class)
  @ResponseBody
  public ReturnResult exceptionHandler(HttpServletRequest req, NullPointerException e) {
    log.error("空指针异常信息: {}, 请求接口: {}", e, req.getRequestURI());
    return ReturnResult.error(
        NULL_POINT_ERROR_EXCEPTION.getCode(),
        NULL_POINT_ERROR_EXCEPTION.getMessage()
            + RIGHT_PARENTHESES
            + e.getMessage()
            + LEFT_PARENTHESES);
  }

  @ExceptionHandler(value = HttpRequestMethodNotSupportedException.class)
  @ResponseBody
  public ReturnResult methodNotSupportedExceptionHandler(HttpServletRequest req, Exception e) {
    log.error("请求方法异常信息: {}，请求接口: {}", e, req.getRequestURI());
    return ReturnResult.error(
        REQUEST_METHOD_ERROR.getCode(),
        REQUEST_METHOD_ERROR.getMessage() + RIGHT_PARENTHESES + e.getMessage() + LEFT_PARENTHESES);
  }

  @ExceptionHandler(value = MyBatisSystemException.class)
  @ResponseBody
  public ReturnResult sqlSyntaxErrorExceptionHandler(HttpServletRequest req, Exception e) {
    log.error("MyBatis系统异常信息: {}，请求接口: {}", e, req.getRequestURI());
    return ReturnResult.error(
        INNER_FRAME_EXCEPTION.getCode(),
        INNER_FRAME_EXCEPTION.getMessage() + RIGHT_PARENTHESES + e.getMessage() + LEFT_PARENTHESES);
  }

  @ExceptionHandler(value = AuthenticationException.class)
  public ReturnResult incorrectCredentialsException(
      HttpServletRequest request, AuthenticationException e) {
    log.error("用户名或密码不正确: {}, 请求接口: {}", e, request.getRequestURI());
    return ReturnResult.error(USER_CREDENTIALS_ERROR);
  }

  @ExceptionHandler(value = UserException.class)
  public ReturnResult incorrectUserException(HttpServletRequest request, UserException e) {
    log.error("用户信息异常: {}, 请求接口: {}", e, request.getRequestURI());
    return ReturnResult.error(e.getCode(), e.getMessage());
  }

  @ExceptionHandler(value = Exception.class)
  @ResponseBody
  public ReturnResult exceptionHandler(HttpServletRequest req, Exception e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
    log.error("未知异常: {}, 请求接口: {}", e, req.getRequestURI());
    return ReturnResult.error(
        INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR.getCode(),
        INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR.getMessage() + RIGHT_PARENTHESES + e.getMessage() + LEFT_PARENTHESES);
  }
}

2.2 自定义业务异常类

import com.sugon.cloud.lowcode.result.BaseResultInterface;
import com.sugon.cloud.lowcode.result.CodeMessageEnum;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiModel;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiModelProperty;

@ApiModel(description= "业务异常数据")
public class BizException extends RuntimeException implements BaseResultInterface {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    @ApiModelProperty(value = "错误码")
    private String code;

    @ApiModelProperty(value = "错误信息")
    private String message;

    public BizException() {
        super();
    }

    public BizException(CodeMessageEnum codeMessageEnum) {
        super(codeMessageEnum.getCode());
        this.code = codeMessageEnum.getCode();
        this.message = codeMessageEnum.getMessage();
    }

    public BizException(CodeMessageEnum codeMessageEnum, Throwable cause) {
        super(codeMessageEnum.getCode(), cause);
        this.code = codeMessageEnum.getCode();
        this.message = codeMessageEnum.getMessage();
    }

    public BizException(CodeMessageEnum codeMessageEnum, String message, Throwable cause) {
        super(codeMessageEnum.getCode(), cause);
        this.code = codeMessageEnum.getCode();
        this.message = message;
    }

    public BizException(String message) {
        super(message);
        this.message = message;
    }

    public BizException(String code, String message) {
        super(code);
        this.code = code;
        this.message = message;
    }

    public BizException(String code, String message, Throwable cause) {
        super(code, cause);
        this.code = code;
        this.message = message;
    }

    @Override
    public Throwable fillInStackTrace() {
        return this;
    }

    @Override
    public String getCode() {
        return this.code;
    }

    @Override
    public String getMessage() {
        return this.message;
    }
}

3. 统一返回格式

在上述代码中，所有的异常处理方法返回的是ReturnResult对象，它封装了返回给前端的数据。ReturnResult类的设计使得前端可以统一解析和展示错误信息。

3.1 返回结果类

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiModel;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiModelProperty;
import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.Setter;

import static com.sugon.cloud.lowcode.result.CodeMessageEnum.*;

@Setter
@Getter
@ApiModel(description= "返回响应数据")
public class ReturnResult<T> {

  @ApiModelProperty(value = "状态码")
  private String code;

  @ApiModelProperty(value = "响应信息")
  private String message;

  @ApiModelProperty(value = "响应对象")
  private T result;

  @ApiModelProperty(value = "是否成功")
  private boolean success = true;

  public ReturnResult() {}

  public ReturnResult(CodeMessageEnum codeMessageEnum) {
    this.code = codeMessageEnum.getCode();
    this.message = codeMessageEnum.getMessage();
  }

  public static ReturnResult success() {
    return success(null);
  }

  public static <T> ReturnResult<T> success(T data) {
    return success(SUCCESS, data);
  }

  public static <T> ReturnResult<T> loginSuccess(T data) {
    return success(SUCCESS_LOGIN, data);
  }

  public static ReturnResult loginOutSuccess() {
    return success(SUCCESS_LOGOUT, null);
  }

  private static <T> ReturnResult<T> success(CodeMessageEnum codeMessageEnum, T data) {
    ReturnResult<T> result = new ReturnResult<>();
    result.setCode(codeMessageEnum.getCode());
    result.setMessage(codeMessageEnum.getMessage());
    result.setResult(data);
    return result;
  }

  public static ReturnResult error(CodeMessageEnum codeMessageEnum) {
    return error(codeMessageEnum.getCode(), codeMessageEnum.getMessage());
  }

  public static ReturnResult error(CodeMessageEnum codeMessageEnum, String message) {
    return error(codeMessageEnum.getCode(), message);
  }

  public static ReturnResult error(String code, String message) {
    ReturnResult result = new ReturnResult();
    result.setCode(code);
    result.setMessage(message);
    result.setSuccess(false);
    return result;
  }

  @Override
  public String toString() {
    return JSONObject.toJSONString(this);
  }
}

4. 总结

通过@RestControllerAdvice和@ExceptionHandler，我们可以在Spring Boot应用中实现全局异常处理，统一管理和处理所有异常。这样不仅可以

减少重复代码，还能使代码更加整洁，提高可维护性。同时，通过统一的返回格式，前端处理响应数据时也能更加方便。

希望这篇文章对您在Spring Boot中实现全局异常处理有所帮助。如有任何问题或建议，欢迎交流探讨。

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