本博客参考《Linux C/C++服务器开发实践》—— 朱文伟 李建英
什么是循环服务器?
循环服务器在同一个时刻只能响应一个客户端的请求,处理完一个客户端的工作后,才能处理下一个客户端的工作,就好像分时工作一样。循环服务器指的是对于客户端的请求和连接,服务器在处理完毕一个后,再处理另一个,即串行处理客户机的请求。这个I/O模型对应的是同步阻塞模型。
有关五种网络I/O模型的详细了解,请参考下面的博客:
链接:Linux网络编程之I/O模型(详解)
UDP循环服务器
UDP循环服务器的实现方法:UDP服务器每次从套接字上读取一个客户端的请求并处理,然后将处理结果返回给客户端。伪代码如下:
socket();
bind();
while(1){
recvfrom();
process();
sendto();
}
因为UDP是无连接的,没有一个客户端可以一直占用服务器,服务器能满足每一个客户端的请求。
一个简单的UDP循环服务器代码
udpserver.cpp
#include "myhead.h"
#define PORT 10024
char rbuf[50], sbuf[100];
int main(){
int sockfd, size, ret, val;
char on = 1;
struct sockaddr_in saddr;
struct sockaddr_in raddr;
//设置地址信息,IP信息
size = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
val = sizeof(struct sockaddr);
memset(&saddr, 0, size);
saddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
saddr.sin_port = htons(PORT);
saddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
//创建UDP套接字
sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
if(sockfd < 0){
perror("create sockfd fail\n");
return -1;
}
//设置端口复用
setsockopt(sockfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &on, sizeof(on));
//绑定地址信息
ret = bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr*)&saddr, val);
if(ret < 0){
perror("bind fail\n");
return -1;
}
while(1){
puts("waitting data\n");
ret = recvfrom(sockfd, rbuf, sizeof(rbuf), 0, (struct sockaddr*)&raddr,
(socklen_t*)&val);
if(ret < 0){
perror("recvfrom failed\n");
}
printf("recv data:%s\n", rbuf);
snprintf(sbuf, sizeof(sbuf), "server has received your data(%s)\n", rbuf);
ret = sendto(sockfd, sbuf, sizeof(rbuf), 0, (struct sockaddr*)&raddr,
val);
memset(rbuf, 0, sizeof(rbuf));
}
close(sockfd);
getchar();
return 0;
}
udpclient.cpp
#include <stdio.h>
#include <winsock.h>
#pragma comment(lib, "wsock32")
#define BUF_SIZE 200
#define PORT 10024
#define IP "192.168.159.128"
char wbuf[50], rbuf[100];
int main()
{
SOCKET s;
int len = -1;
WSADATA wsadata;
struct hostent* phe;
struct servent* pse;
struct protoent* ppe;
struct sockaddr_in saddr, raddr;
int fromlen, ret, type;
if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 0), &wsadata) != 0) {
printf("WSAStarup failed\n");
return -1;
}
memset(&saddr, 0, sizeof(saddr));
saddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
saddr.sin_port = htons(PORT);
saddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(IP);
if ((ppe = getprotobyname("UDP")) == 0) {
printf("get protocol information error \n");
WSACleanup();
return -1;
}
s = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, ppe->p_proto);
if (s == INVALID_SOCKET) {
printf(" create socket error \n");
WSACleanup();
return -1;
}
fromlen = sizeof(struct sockaddr);
printf("please inter data:");
scanf_s("%s", wbuf, sizeof(wbuf));
ret = sendto(s, wbuf, sizeof(wbuf), 0, (struct sockaddr*)&saddr, sizeof(struct sockaddr));
if (ret < 0) {
perror("sendto failed\n");
}
len = recvfrom(s, rbuf, sizeof(rbuf), 0, (struct sockaddr*)&raddr, &fromlen);
if (len < 0) perror("recvfrom fail\n");
printf("server reply:%s\n", rbuf);
closesocket(s);
WSACleanup();
return 0;
}
注意,为了更贴近一线企业实战环境,客户端的程序是放到Windows上运行的,所以它的代码也使用了Windows系统提供的接口。该代码可以在Visual C++上运行,如果想深入了解Visual C++,可以参考清华大学出版社的《Viusal C++ 2017从入门到精通》一书。
TCP循环服务器
TCP服务器接受一个客户端的连接,然后处理,完成了这个客户端的所有请求后,断开连接。伪代码如下:
socket();
bind();
listen();
while(1){
accept();
process();
close();
}
注:TCP循环服务器一次只能处理一个客户端的请求(除非使用一客户端一线程)。只有在这个客户端的所有请求都满足后,服务器才可以继续后面的请求。如果一个客户端占住服务器不放,则其他的客户端都不能工作,因此TCP服务器一般很少使用这个模型。
链接: 想了解更多服务器模型,可以参考这里
一个简单的TCP循环服务器代码
tcpserver.cpp
#include "myhead.h"
#define BUF_SIZE 200
#define PORT 8888
int main()
{
struct sockaddr_in fsin;
int clisock,alen, connum = 0, len, s;
char buf[BUF_SIZE] = "hi,client", rbuf[BUF_SIZE];
struct servent *pse; /* server information */
struct protoent *ppe; /* proto information */
struct sockaddr_in sin; /* endpoint IP address */
memset(&sin, 0, sizeof(sin));
sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
sin.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
sin.sin_port = htons(PORT);
s = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (s == -1)
{
printf("creat socket error \n");
getchar();
return -1;
}
if (bind(s, (struct sockaddr *)&sin, sizeof(sin)) == -1)
{
printf("socket bind error \n");
getchar();
return -1;
}
if (listen(s, 10) == -1)
{
printf(" socket listen error \n");
getchar();
return -1;
}
while (1)
{
alen = sizeof(struct sockaddr);
puts("waiting client...");
clisock = accept(s, (struct sockaddr *)&fsin,(socklen_t*)&alen);
if (clisock == -1)
{
printf("accept failed\n");
getchar();
return -1;
}
connum++;
printf("%d client comes\n", connum);
len = recv(clisock, rbuf, sizeof(rbuf), 0);
if (len < 0) perror("recv failed");
sprintf(buf,"Server has received your data(%s).", rbuf);
send(clisock, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
close(clisock);
}
return 0;
}
tcpclient.cpp
#include "myhead.h"
#define BUF_SIZE 200
#define PORT 8888
char wbuf[50], rbuf[100];
int main()
{
char buff[BUF_SIZE];
SOCKET s;
int len;
WSADATA wsadata;
struct hostent *phe; /*host information */
struct servent *pse; /* server information */
struct protoent *ppe; /*protocol information */
struct sockaddr_in saddr; /*endpoint IP address */
int type;
if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 0), &wsadata) != 0)
{
printf("WSAStartup failed\n");
WSACleanup();
return -1;
}
memset(&saddr, 0, sizeof(saddr));
saddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
saddr.sin_port = htons(PORT);
saddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("192.168.0.153");
s = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (s == INVALID_SOCKET)
{
printf(" creat socket error \n");
WSACleanup();
return -1;
}
if (connect(s, (struct sockaddr *)&saddr, sizeof(saddr)) == SOCKET_ERROR)
{
printf("connect socket error \n");
WSACleanup();
return -1;
}
printf("please enter data:");
scanf_s("%s", wbuf, sizeof(wbuf));
len = send(s, wbuf, sizeof(wbuf), 0);
if (len < 0) perror("send failed");
len = recv(s, rbuf, sizeof(rbuf), 0);
if (len < 0) perror("recv failed");
printf("server reply:%s\n", rbuf);
closesocket(s);
WSACleanup();
return 0;
}
都读到这了,免费给个三连支持一下吧,下一期我会继续努力~
附录(myhead.h)
// myhead.h
#ifndef _MYHEAD_H
#define _MYHEAD_H
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <linux/input.h> //跟输入子系统模型有关的头文件
#include <dirent.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <sys/msg.h>
#include <sys/sem.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <semaphore.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <net/if.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#endif