Vue3的多种组件通信方式-EW帮帮网

父组件向子组件传递数据 (Props)

父组件

<template>
  <child :name="name"></child>
</template>

<script setup>
import { ref } from 'vue'
import Child from './Child.vue'

const name = ref('小明')
</script>

子组件

<template>
  <div>{{ props.name }}</div>
</template>

<script setup>
import { defineProps } from 'vue'

const props = defineProps({
  name: {
    type: String,
    default: '',
  },
})
</script>

子组件向父组件传递数据 (Emit)

子组件

<template>
  <button @click="handleClick">点击我</button>
</template>

<script setup>
import { ref, defineEmits } from 'vue'

const message = ref('来自子组件的问候')
const emits = defineEmits(['greet'])

const handleClick = () => {
  emits('greet', message.value)
}
</script>

父组件

<template>
  <child @greet="handleGreet"></child>
</template>

<script setup>
import { ref } from 'vue'
import Child from './Child.vue'

const handleGreet = (message) => {
  console.log(message) // 输出: "来自子组件的问候"
}
</script>

兄弟组件通信 (Mitt)

npm install --save mitt

mainjs全局配置

import { createApp } from 'vue'
import mitt from 'mitt'
import App from './App.vue'

const app = createApp(App)
app.config.globalProperties.$bus = mitt()

app.mount('#app')

发送事件组件

<script setup>
import { getCurrentInstance } from 'vue'

const { proxy } = getCurrentInstance()
const sendMessage = () => {
  proxy.$bus.emit('myEvent', '你好,兄弟')
}
</script>

接受事件组件

<script setup>
import { onMounted, getCurrentInstance } from 'vue'

const { proxy } = getCurrentInstance()

onMounted(() => {
  proxy.$bus.on('myEvent', (message) => {
    console.log(message) // 输出: "你好,兄弟"
  })
})
</script>

透传 Attributes ($attrs)

父组件

<template>
  <child name="小明" age="18" hobby="篮球"></child>
</template>

子组件

<script setup>
import { useAttrs } from 'vue'

const attrs = useAttrs()
console.log(attrs) // { age: "18", hobby: "篮球" }
</script>

模板引用 (Refs)

父组件

<template>
  <child ref="childRef"></child>
  <button @click="callChildMethod">调用子组件方法</button>
</template>

<script setup>
import { ref } from 'vue'
import Child from './Child.vue'

const childRef = ref(null)

const callChildMethod = () => {
  childRef.value.someMethod()
}
</script>

子组件

<script setup>
import { defineExpose } from 'vue'

const someMethod = () => {
  console.log('子组件方法被调用了')
}

defineExpose({
  someMethod,
})
</script>

双向绑定 (v-model)

父组件

<template>
  <child v-model:name="name"></child>
</template>

<script setup>
import { ref } from 'vue'
import Child from './Child.vue'

const name = ref('小明')
</script>

子组件

<template>
  <input :value="name" @input="updateName" />
</template>

<script setup>
import { defineProps, defineEmits } from 'vue'

const props = defineProps(['name'])
const emit = defineEmits(['update:name'])

const updateName = (e) => {
  emit('update:name', e.target.value)
}
</script>

依赖注入 (Provide/Inject)

爷组件

<script setup>
import { provide, ref } from 'vue'

const themeColor = ref('blue')
provide('theme', themeColor)
</script>

子孙组件

<script setup>
import { inject } from 'vue'

const theme = inject('theme')
console.log(theme.value) // 'blue'
</script>

路由传参

通过query

import { useRouter } from 'vue-router'

const router = useRouter()
router.push({ path: '/user', query: { id: 123 } })

// 在目标组件中
import { useRoute } from 'vue-router'

const route = useRoute()
console.log(route.query.id) // 123

Vuex 状态管理

// store/index.js
import { createStore } from 'vuex'

export default createStore({
  state: {
    count: 0,
  },
  mutations: {
    increment(state) {
      state.count++
    },
  },
})

// 在组件中使用
import { useStore } from 'vuex'

const store = useStore()
console.log(store.state.count)
store.commit('increment')

Pinia 状态管理

// stores/counter.js
import { defineStore } from 'pinia'

export const useCounterStore = defineStore('counter', {
  state: () => ({ count: 0 }),
  actions: {
    increment() {
      this.count++
    },
  },
})

// 在组件中使用
import { useCounterStore } from '@/stores/counter'

const counter = useCounterStore()
console.log(counter.count)
counter.increment()

浏览器存储

localStorage 和 sessionStorage 可以用于在不同页面或组件之间共享数据。

// 存储数据
localStorage.setItem('user', JSON.stringify({ name: '小明', age: 18 }))

// 读取数据
const user = JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem('user'))

Window 对象

// 设置全局数据
window.globalData = { message: '全局消息' }

// 在任何地方使用
console.log(window.globalData.message)

全局属性

Vue 3 提供了 app.config.globalProperties 来替代 Vue 2 中的 Vue.prototype,用于添加全局可用的属性。

// main.js
const app = createApp(App)
app.config.globalProperties.$http = axios

// 在组件中使用
import { getCurrentInstance } from 'vue'

const { proxy } = getCurrentInstance()
proxy.$http.get('/api/data')

Vue3的多种组件通信方式