目录
1.物品识别
该项目使用Python，OpenCV进行图像捕捉，进行物品识别。我们将使用YOLO（You Only Look Once）模型进行物品识别，YOLO是一个高效的实时物体检测系统。
2.模型介绍
YOLO（You Only Look Once）是一种目标检测算法，它在实时性和精确度上取得了很好的平衡。它的核心思想是在一张图片上同时预测出所有物体的位置和类别，而无需像传统的区域提议网络（R-CNN）那样分步骤进行。
3.文件框架
models中的定义标签文件可以搜索yolo模型来找，下面的四个代码文件是主文件，camera是调用电脑摄像头，interaction是调用opencv绘制图像框，object_detection是定义物品检测函数，main是主函数。
运行main函数即可实现物品检测。
4.代码示例
4.1 camera.py
import cv2 # 导入OpenCV库
def get_camera_frame():
cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0) # 打开摄像头
if not cap.isOpened():
raise Exception("无法打开摄像头。") # 如果无法打开摄像头，抛出异常
ret, frame = cap.read() # 读取帧
cap.release() # 释放摄像头
if not ret:
raise Exception("读取照片信息失败。") # 如果读取失败，抛出异常
return frame # 返回捕捉到的帧4.2 interaction.py
import cv2 # 导入OpenCV库
def draw_boxes(frame, detections):
for (class_name, confidence, box) in detections:
x, y, w, h = box
label = f"{class_name} {confidence:.2f}" # 创建标签
cv2.rectangle(frame, (x, y), (x + w, y + h), (0, 255, 0), 2) # 绘制矩形框
cv2.putText(frame, label, (x, y - 10), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 0.5, (0, 255, 0), 2) # 绘制标签
return frame # 返回绘制后的帧4.3 object_detection.py
import cv2 # 导入OpenCV库，用于计算机视觉任务
import numpy as np # 导入NumPy库，用于处理数组
class ObjectDetector:
def __init__(self, config_path, weights_path, names_path):
# 初始化YOLO模型
self.net = cv2.dnn.readNetFromDarknet(config_path, weights_path)
self.layer_names = self.net.getLayerNames()
# 获取YOLO模型的输出层
self.output_layers = [self.layer_names[i - 1] for i in self.net.getUnconnectedOutLayers()]
# 读入类别名称
with open(names_path, 'r') as f:
self.classes = [line.strip() for line in f.readlines()]
def detect_objects(self, frame):
height, width = frame.shape[:2] # 获取图像的高度和宽度
# 将图像转换为YOLO模型输入所需的blob格式
blob = cv2.dnn.blobFromImage(frame, 0.00392, (416, 416), (0, 0, 0), True, crop=False)
self.net.setInput(blob) # 设置YOLO模型的输入
outs = self.net.forward(self.output_layers) # 前向传播，获取检测结果
class_ids = [] # 存储检测到的类别ID
confidences = [] # 存储检测到的置信度
boxes = [] # 存储检测到的边框
# 处理每个输出层的检测结果
for out in outs:
for detection in out:
scores = detection[5:] # 获取每个类别的置信度分数
class_id = np.argmax(scores) # 获取置信度最高的类别ID
confidence = scores[class_id] # 获取最高置信度
if confidence > 0.5: # 过滤低置信度的检测结果
center_x = int(detection[0] * width)
center_y = int(detection[1] * height)
w = int(detection[2] * width)
h = int(detection[3] * height)
x = int(center_x - w / 2)
y = int(center_y - h / 2)
boxes.append([x, y, w, h])
confidences.append(float(confidence))
class_ids.append(class_id)
# 非极大值抑制，去除冗余的边框
indices = cv2.dnn.NMSBoxes(boxes, confidences, 0.5, 0.4)
result = []
if len(indices) > 0:
for i in indices.flatten(): # 确保indices是一个可迭代的列表
box = boxes[i]
result.append((self.classes[class_ids[i]], confidences[i], box))
return result4.4 main.py
import sys
import os
import cv2 # 导入OpenCV库
from camera import get_camera_frame # 导入相机捕捉函数
from object_detection import ObjectDetector # 导入物体检测类
from interaction import draw_boxes # 导入绘制边框函数
def main():
# 配置文件路径
config_path = "./pythonProject/ai_modle_win/wupin/models/yolov3.cfg"
weights_path = "./pythonProject/ai_modle_win/wupin/models/yolov3.weights"
names_path = "./pythonProject/ai_modle_win/wupin/models/coco.names"
# 初始化物体检测器
detector = ObjectDetector(config_path, weights_path, names_path)
while True:
frame = get_camera_frame() # 获取摄像头帧
detections = detector.detect_objects(frame) # 检测物体
frame = draw_boxes(frame, detections) # 绘制检测结果
cv2.imshow("Object Detection", frame) # 显示结果
if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord('q'): # 按下 'q' 键退出
break
cv2.destroyAllWindows() # 关闭所有窗口
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()4.5 运行结果
5.总结
YOLO的主要用途是计算机视觉中的目标检测任务，例如自动驾驶中的行人和车辆识别、安防监控、无人机拍摄分析等场景，它能够实现实时检测，并且对于小目标和大目标都具备较好的性能。你也快来试一试吧！