NEEP-EN2-2018-Section1

英二-2018-Section 1 摘自科学美国人（Scientific American）2016年7月的文章《Curiosity Is Not Intrinsically Good》。
以下为个人解析，非官方公开标准资料，可能有误，仅供参考。（单词解释仅摘出部分词性和意思）

以下黄色记号部分为完形填空部分

Paragraph 1

1. Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?

   • 翻译：为什么人们阅读网络的消极评论并做一些明显会让人痛苦的事情？
   • 解释：
     • negative adj. 消极的
     • comment n. 评论
     • obviously adv. 显然地、明显地，obvious adjj. 显著的、明显的

2. Because humans have an inherent need to resolve¹ uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science.

   • 翻译：近期《心理科学》的一项研究表明这是因为人们存在一个解决不确定性的内在需求。
   • 解释：
     • inherent adj. 固有的，内在的，天生的
     • resolve v. 处理、解决
     • uncertainty n. 不确定性，uncertain adj. 不确定的，certain adj. 确定的，certainly adv. 确定地，certainty n. 确定性
     • psychological adj. 心理学的，psychology n. 心理、心理学，psychologist n. 心理学家

3. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will seek² to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will hurt³.

   • 翻译：这项研究揭示了这样的需求有多强烈，甚至即便知道其真相会伤害到自己，人们也要去探究，从而满足他们的好奇心。
   • 解释：
     • reveal v. 揭示、揭开
     • satisfy v. 使满意、使满足
     • curiosity n. 好奇心

1. [A] ignore v. 忽略
   [B] protect v. 保护
   [C] discuss v. 讨论
   [D] resolve v. 解决
2. [A] refuse v. 拒绝
   [B] seek v. 寻找
   [C] wait v. 等待
   [D] regret v. 后悔
   3)[A] rise v. 上升、增加
   [B] last v. 持续、继续
   [C] hurt v. 受伤
   [D] mislead v. 误导

Paragraph 2

1. In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students’ willingness to expose⁴ themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity.

   • 翻译：在一系列的四项实验中，芝加哥大学和威斯康星商学院的行为科学家们，测试了学生们的意愿：为了满足好奇心是否愿意将自己暴露在不愉快的情景刺激下。
   • 解释：
     • a series of 一系列
     • experiment n. 实验
     • behavioral adj. 行为的，behavior n. 行为、表现
     • willingness n. 愿意，willing adj. 愿意的，-ness 名词后缀表性质、状态
     • unpleasant adj. 不愉快的，pleasant adj. 愉快的
     • stimuli n. 刺激，stimulus 的复数形式
     • effort n. 付出的力气、努力或尝试。

2. For one trial⁵, each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment.

   • 翻译：在一个试验中，研究者向每位参与者展示了一堆笔，并声称这些笔是来自于之前的实验。
   • 解释：
     • participant n. 参与者
     • pile n. 堆、摞
     • claim v. 宣称
     • previous adj. 之前的
     • experiment n. 实验

3. The twist? Half of the pens would deliver⁶ an electric shock when clicked.

   • 翻译：转折是什么呢？点击时一半的笔会传递电击。
   • 解释：
     • twist n. 转折
     • electric adj. 电的
     • shock n. 震惊、剧烈震荡
     • click v. 点击

4. [A] alert v. 警告、警示
   [B] expose v. 暴露
   [C] tie v. 系、连接、绑
   [D] treat v. 治疗、处理
5. [A] trial n. 试验
   [B] message n. 消息
   [C] review n. 审核
   [D] concept n. 概念
6. [A] remove v. 移除
   [B] deliver v. 传递
   [C] weaken v. 使虚弱
   [D] interrupt v. 中断

Paragraph 3

1. Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified.

   • 翻译：27个学生被告知哪些笔会有电击，而另外27个学生只被告知有一些笔有电击。

2. When⁷ left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would happen⁸.

   • 翻译：当独自留在房间里的时候，那些不知道哪一只笔会电击的学生点击了更多的笔，而且比那些知道哪些笔会有电击的学生遭受了更多次电击。
   • 解释：
     • left v. 离开，alone adj. 单独、独自，left alone 为独处的意思
     • the students （who did not know which ones would shock them）clicked more pens
     • incur v. 招致、遭受

3. Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, such as⁹ the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.

   • 翻译：随后的实验中用另外的刺激再现了这种影响，比如用指甲在黑板上抓过、令人恶心的昆虫照片。
   • 解释：
     • subsequent adj. 随后的、后来的
     • reproduce v. 再现、复制
     • fingernail n. 指甲
     • chalkboard n. 黑板
     • photograph n. 照片
     • disgusting adj. 令人厌恶的，disgust v. 使厌恶、使反感
     • insect n. 昆虫

7. [A] Unless conj. 除非
   [B] If conj. 如果
   [C] When conj. 当
   [D] Though conj. 虽然
8. [A] change v. 改变
   [B] continue v. 继续
   [C] disappear v. 消失
   [D] happen v. 发生
9. [A] such as 例如
   [B] rather than 而不是
   [C] regardless of 不管
   [D] owing to 由于

Paragraph 4

1. The drive to discover¹⁰ is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for food¹¹ or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago.
   • 翻译：芝加哥大学的Christopher Hsee说，深深驱动人类去探索的根源，就如同寻找食物或庇护所的基本驱动力。
   • 解释：克里斯托弗·赫西教授认为，人类探索未知的欲望是一种基本驱动力，和对生存必需品（如食物或庇护所）的需求一样深刻和重要。
     • drive n. 驱动力、欲望
     • deeply adv. 深深地
     • rooted adj. 根深蒂固的，root v./n. 根、根源、生根、扎根
     • shelter n. 庇护所、住处
2. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct — it can lead to¹² new scientific advances, for instance — but sometimes such inquiry¹³ can backfire.
   • 翻译：好奇心往往被认为是一种好的本能，例如，它能够引导新科学的进步，但有时会适得其反。
   • 解释：
     • consider v. 考虑为、视作
     • instinct n. 本能、直觉、天性
     • inquiry n. 询问、调查
     • backfire v. 事与愿违、适得其反
3. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do self-destructive¹⁴ things is a profound one.
   • 翻译：好奇心能够驱使你做出自我毁灭的事情，这一见解是意义深远的。
   • 解释：
     • insight n. 领悟、了解、洞悉
     • self-destructive 自我毁灭，destructive adj. 毁灭性的，destruct v. 毁灭、毁坏，destruction n. 毁灭、毁坏
     • profound adj. 意义深远的、严重的

10. [A] disagree v. 不同意
    [B] forgive v. 放弃
    [C] discover v. 探索
    [D] forget v. 忘记
11. [A] pay n. 工资、薪水
    [B] food n. 食物
    [C] marriage n. 婚姻、结婚
    [D] schooling n. 学校教育
12. [A] begin with 以…为开始
    [B] rest on 休息
    [C] lead to 导致
    [D] lean from 从…学到
13. [A] inquiry n. 探究
    [B] withdrawal n. 撤回、收回
    [C] persistence n. 坚持
    [D] diligence n. 勤奋
14. [A] self-deceptive 自我欺骗，deceptive adj. 骗人的、欺骗性的
    [B] self-reliant 自主的、自力更生的，reliant adj. 依赖的
    [C] self-evident 显而易见，evident adj. 明显的、显然的
    [D] self-destructive 自我毁灭，destructive adj. 毁灭的

Paragraph 5

1. Unhealthy curiosity is possible to resist¹⁵, however.

   • 翻译：然而，不健康的好奇是可以抵制的。

2. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to predict¹⁶ how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to choose¹⁷ to see such an image.

   • 翻译：在最终的实验中，那些被鼓励去预测看了令人不适的图片之后会有怎样的感受的参与者，不太可能去选择看这样的图片。
   • 解释：
     • participant n. 参与者
     • encourage v. 鼓励
     • predict v. 预测
     • view v. 观看
     • unpleasant adj. 令人不愉快的
     • likely adj. 可能的

3. These results suggest that imagining the outcome¹⁸ of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine whether¹⁹ it is worth the endeavor.

   • 翻译：这个结果表明，提前想象出人们好奇心的结果，能够帮助我们思考其是否值得作出努力。
   • 解释：
     • imaginie v. 想象、认为
     • outcome n. 结果
     • ahead of time 提前、预先
     • endeavor n./v. 努力、尽力

4. “Thinking about long-term consequences²⁰ is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity,” Hsee says.

   • 翻译：Hsee 说，思考长期的结果，是减少可能的、负面的好奇心的关键。
   • 解释：
     • long-term 长期，term n. 期限
     • consequence n. 结果、影响
     • reduce v. 减少

5. In other words, don’t read online comments.

   • 翻译：换句话说，不要阅读网上的评论。

15. [A] trace v. 追踪、跟踪
    [B] define v. 定义
    [C] replace v. 替换
    [D] resist v. 抵制
16. [A] conceal v. 隐藏、掩盖
    [B] overlook v. 忽略、俯瞰
    [C] design v. 设计
    [D] predict v. 预测
    17) [A] choose v. 选择
    [B] remember v. 记住、记得
    [C] promise v. 承诺
    [D] pretend v. 假装
17. [A] relief n. 救济、减轻、缓和
    [B] outcome n. 结果
    [C] plan n. 计划
    [D] duty n. 责任
18. [A] how conj. 怎样
    [B] why conj. 为何
    [C] where conj. 何地
    [D] whether conj. 是否
19. [A] limitations n. 限制
    [B] investments n. 投资
    [C] consequences n. 结果、影响
    [D] strategies n. 战略、策略