windows C#-语句

发布于:2024-12-08 ⋅ 阅读:(97) ⋅ 点赞:(0)

程序执行的操作采用语句表达。 常见操作包括声明变量、赋值、调用方法、循环访问集合,以及根据给定条件分支到一个或另一个代码块。 语句在程序中的执行顺序称为“控制流”或“执行流”。 根据程序对运行时所收到的输入的响应,在程序每次运行时控制流可能有所不同。

语句可以是以分号结尾的单行代码,也可以是语句块中的一系列单行语句。 语句块括在括号 {} 中,并且可以包含嵌套块。 以下代码演示了两个单行语句示例和一个多行语句块:

public static void Main()
    {
        // Declaration statement.
        int counter;

        // Assignment statement.
        counter = 1;

        // Error! This is an expression, not an expression statement.
        // counter + 1;

        // Declaration statements with initializers are functionally
        // equivalent to  declaration statement followed by assignment statement:
        int[] radii = [15, 32, 108, 74, 9]; // Declare and initialize an array.
        const double pi = 3.14159; // Declare and initialize  constant.

        // foreach statement block that contains multiple statements.
        foreach (int radius in radii)
        {
            // Declaration statement with initializer.
            double circumference = pi * (2 * radius);

            // Expression statement (method invocation). A single-line
            // statement can span multiple text lines because line breaks
            // are treated as white space, which is ignored by the compiler.
            System.Console.WriteLine("Radius of circle #{0} is {1}. Circumference = {2:N2}",
                                    counter, radius, circumference);

            // Expression statement (postfix increment).
            counter++;
        } // End of foreach statement block
    } // End of Main method body.
} // End of SimpleStatements class.
/*
   Output:
    Radius of circle #1 = 15. Circumference = 94.25
    Radius of circle #2 = 32. Circumference = 201.06
    Radius of circle #3 = 108. Circumference = 678.58
    Radius of circle #4 = 74. Circumference = 464.96
    Radius of circle #5 = 9. Circumference = 56.55
*/
声明语句

以下代码显示了具有和不具有初始赋值的变量声明的示例,以及具有必要初始化的常量声明。

// Variable declaration statements.
double area;
double radius = 2;

// Constant declaration statement.
const double pi = 3.14159;
表达式语句

以下代码显示了表达式语句的示例,包括赋值、使用赋值创建对象和方法调用。

// Expression statement (assignment).
area = 3.14 * (radius * radius);

// Error. Not  statement because no assignment:
//circ * 2;

// Expression statement (method invocation).
System.Console.WriteLine();

// Expression statement (new object creation).
System.Collections.Generic.List<string> strings =
    new System.Collections.Generic.List<string>();
空语句

以下示例演示了空语句的两种用法:

void ProcessMessages()
{
    while (ProcessMessage())
        ; // Statement needed here.
}

void F()
{
    //...
    if (done) goto exit;
//...
exit:
    ; // Statement needed here.
}
嵌入式语句

某些语句如迭代语句的后面始终跟有一条嵌入式语句。 此嵌入式语句可以是单个语句,也可以是语句块中括在括号 {} 内的多个语句。 甚至可以在括号 {} 内包含单行嵌入式语句,如以下示例所示:

// Recommended style. Embedded statement in  block.
foreach (string s in System.IO.Directory.GetDirectories(
                        System.Environment.CurrentDirectory))
{
    System.Console.WriteLine(s);
}

// Not recommended.
foreach (string s in System.IO.Directory.GetDirectories(
                        System.Environment.CurrentDirectory))
    System.Console.WriteLine(s);

未括在括号 {} 内的嵌入式语句不能作为声明语句或带标签的语句。 下面的示例对此进行了演示:

if(pointB == true)
    //Error CS1023:
    int radius = 5;

将该嵌入式语句放在语句块中以修复错误:

if (b == true)
{
    // OK:
    System.DateTime d = System.DateTime.Now;
    System.Console.WriteLine(d.ToLongDateString());
}
嵌套语句块

语句块可以嵌套,如以下代码所示:

foreach (string s in System.IO.Directory.GetDirectories(
    System.Environment.CurrentDirectory))
{
    if (s.StartsWith("CSharp"))
    {
        if (s.EndsWith("TempFolder"))
        {
            return s;
        }
    }
}
return "Not found.";
无法访问的语句

如果编译器认为在任何情况下控制流都无法到达特定语句,将生成警告 CS0162,如下例所示:

// An over-simplified example of unreachable code.
const int val = 5;
if (val < 4)
{
    System.Console.WriteLine("I'll never write anything."); //CS0162
}

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