.NET MVC（Model-View-Controller）是微软推出的基于 Model-View-Controller 设计模式的 Web 应用框架，属于 ASP.NET Core 的重要组成部分。其核心目标是通过清晰的分层架构实现 高内聚、低耦合 的开发模式，适用于构建可扩展的企业级应用程序。
Model（模型层）
职责：
负责业务逻辑处理、数据访问与验证，通常与数据库交互（通过 ORM 工具如 Entity Framework）。View（视图层）
职责：
负责用户界面渲染，通常使用 Razor 语法（.cshtml文件）动态生成 HTML。
Controller（控制器层）
职责：
处理 HTTP 请求、协调 Model 和 View，实现业务逻辑的入口。
Model
namespace MvcMovie.Models
{
public class ErrorViewModel
{
public string? RequestId { get; set; }
public bool ShowRequestId => !string.IsNullOrEmpty(RequestId);
}
}
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.Schema;
namespace MvcMovie.Models;
public class Movie
{
public int Id { get; set; }
[StringLength(60, MinimumLength = 3)]
[Required]
public string? Title { get; set; }
[Display(Name = "Release Date")]
[DataType(DataType.Date)]
public DateTime ReleaseDate { get; set; }
[Range(1, 100)]
[DataType(DataType.Currency)]
[Column(TypeName = "decimal(18, 2)")]
public decimal Price { get; set; }
[RegularExpression(@"^[A-Z]+[a-zA-Z\s]*$")]
[Required]
[StringLength(30)]
public string? Genre { get; set; }
[RegularExpression(@"^[A-Z]+[a-zA-Z0-9""'\s-]*$")]
[StringLength(5)]
[Required]
public string? Rating { get; set; }
}using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Rendering;
namespace MvcMovie.Models;
public class MovieGenreViewModel
{
public List<Movie>? Movies { get; set; }
public SelectList? Genres { get; set; }
public string? MovieGenre { get; set; }
public string? SearchString { get; set; }
}using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using MvcMovie.Data;
namespace MvcMovie.Models;
public static class SeedData
{
public static void Initialize(IServiceProvider serviceProvider)
{
using (var context = new MvcMovieContext(
serviceProvider.GetRequiredService<
DbContextOptions<MvcMovieContext>>()))
{
// Look for any movies.
if (context.Movie.Any())
{
return; // DB has been seeded
}
context.Movie.AddRange(
new Movie
{
Title = "When Harry Met Sally",
ReleaseDate = DateTime.Parse("1989-2-12").ToUniversalTime(),
Genre = "Romantic Comedy",
Rating = "R",
Price = 7.99M
},
new Movie
{
Title = "Ghostbusters ",
ReleaseDate = DateTime.Parse("1984-3-13").ToUniversalTime(),
Genre = "Comedy",
Rating = "R",
Price = 8.99M
},
new Movie
{
Title = "Ghostbusters 2",
ReleaseDate = DateTime.Parse("1986-2-23").ToUniversalTime(),
Genre = "Comedy",
Rating = "R",
Price = 9.99M
},
new Movie
{
Title = "Rio Bravo",
ReleaseDate = DateTime.Parse("1959-4-15").ToUniversalTime(),
Genre = "Western",
Rating = "R",
Price = 3.99M
}
);
context.SaveChanges();
}
}
}View
部分view代码，完整代码在文末获取。
@model MvcMovie.Models.Movie
@{
ViewData["Title"] = "Create";
}
<h1>Create</h1>
<h4>Movie</h4>
<hr />
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4">
<form asp-action="Create">
<div asp-validation-summary="ModelOnly" class="text-danger"></div>
<div class="form-group">
<label asp-for="Title" class="control-label"></label>
<input asp-for="Title" class="form-control" />
<span asp-validation-for="Title" class="text-danger"></span>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label asp-for="Rating" class="control-label"></label>
<input asp-for="Rating" class="form-control" />
<span asp-validation-for="Rating" class="text-danger"></span>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label asp-for="ReleaseDate" class="control-label"></label>
<input asp-for="ReleaseDate" class="form-control" />
<span asp-validation-for="ReleaseDate" class="text-danger"></span>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label asp-for="Genre" class="control-label"></label>
<input asp-for="Genre" class="form-control" />
<span asp-validation-for="Genre" class="text-danger"></span>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label asp-for="Price" class="control-label"></label>
<input asp-for="Price" class="form-control" />
<span asp-validation-for="Price" class="text-danger"></span>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<input type="submit" value="Create" class="btn btn-primary" />
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<a asp-action="Index">Back to List</a>
</div>
@section Scripts {
@{await Html.RenderPartialAsync("_ValidationScriptsPartial");}
}
Controller
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
namespace MvcMovie.Controllers;
public class HelloWorldController : Controller
{
public IActionResult Index()
{
return View();
}
public IActionResult Welcome(string name, int numTimes = 1)
{
ViewData["Message"] = "Hello " + name;
ViewData["NumTimes"] = numTimes;
return View();
}
}
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using MvcMovie.Models;
using System.Diagnostics;
namespace MvcMovie.Controllers
{
public class HomeController : Controller
{
private readonly ILogger<HomeController> _logger;
public HomeController(ILogger<HomeController> logger)
{
_logger = logger;
}
public IActionResult Index()
{
return View();
}
public IActionResult Privacy()
{
return View();
}
[ResponseCache(Duration = 0, Location = ResponseCacheLocation.None, NoStore = true)]
public IActionResult Error()
{
return View(new ErrorViewModel { RequestId = Activity.Current?.Id ?? HttpContext.TraceIdentifier });
}
}
}
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Rendering;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using MvcMovie.Data;
using MvcMovie.Models;
namespace MvcMovie.Controllers
{
public class MoviesController : Controller
{
private readonly MvcMovieContext _context;
public MoviesController(MvcMovieContext context)
{
_context = context;
}
// GET: Movies
public async Task<IActionResult> Index(string movieGenre, string searchString)
{
if (_context.Movie == null)
{
return Problem("Entity set 'MvcMovieContext.Movie' is null.");
}
// Use LINQ to get list of genres.
IQueryable<string> genreQuery = from m in _context.Movie
orderby m.Genre
select m.Genre;
var movies = from m in _context.Movie
select m;
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(searchString))
{
movies = movies.Where(s => s.Title!.ToUpper().Contains(searchString.ToUpper()));
}
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(movieGenre))
{
movies = movies.Where(x => x.Genre == movieGenre);
}
var movieGenreVM = new MovieGenreViewModel
{
Genres = new SelectList(await genreQuery.Distinct().ToListAsync()),
Movies = await movies.ToListAsync()
};
return View(movieGenreVM);
}
// GET: Movies/Details/5
public async Task<IActionResult> Details(int? id)
{
if (id == null)
{
return NotFound();
}
var movie = await _context.Movie
.FirstOrDefaultAsync(m => m.Id == id);
if (movie == null)
{
return NotFound();
}
return View(movie);
}
// GET: Movies/Create
public IActionResult Create()
{
return View();
}
// POST: Movies/Create
// To protect from overposting attacks, enable the specific properties you want to bind to.
// For more details, see http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=317598.
[HttpPost]
[ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
public async Task<IActionResult> Create([Bind("Id,Title,ReleaseDate,Genre,Price,Rating")] Movie movie)
{
if (ModelState.IsValid)
{
movie.ReleaseDate = movie.ReleaseDate.ToUniversalTime();
_context.Add(movie);
await _context.SaveChangesAsync();
return RedirectToAction(nameof(Index));
}
return View(movie);
}
// GET: Movies/Edit/5
public async Task<IActionResult> Edit(int? id)
{
if (id == null)
{
return NotFound();
}
var movie = await _context.Movie.FindAsync(id);
if (movie == null)
{
return NotFound();
}
return View(movie);
}
// POST: Movies/Edit/5
// To protect from overposting attacks, enable the specific properties you want to bind to.
// For more details, see http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=317598.
[HttpPost]
[ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
public async Task<IActionResult> Edit(int id, [Bind("Id,Title,ReleaseDate,Genre,Price,Rating")] Movie movie)
{
if (id != movie.Id)
{
return NotFound();
}
if (ModelState.IsValid)
{
try
{
_context.Update(movie);
await _context.SaveChangesAsync();
}
catch (DbUpdateConcurrencyException)
{
if (!MovieExists(movie.Id))
{
return NotFound();
}
else
{
throw;
}
}
return RedirectToAction(nameof(Index));
}
return View(movie);
}
// GET: Movies/Delete/5
public async Task<IActionResult> Delete(int? id)
{
if (id == null)
{
return NotFound();
}
var movie = await _context.Movie
.FirstOrDefaultAsync(m => m.Id == id);
if (movie == null)
{
return NotFound();
}
return View(movie);
}
// POST: Movies/Delete/5
[HttpPost, ActionName("Delete")]
[ValidateAntiForgeryToken]
public async Task<IActionResult> DeleteConfirmed(int id)
{
var movie = await _context.Movie.FindAsync(id);
if (movie != null)
{
_context.Movie.Remove(movie);
}
await _context.SaveChangesAsync();
return RedirectToAction(nameof(Index));
}
private bool MovieExists(int id)
{
return _context.Movie.Any(e => e.Id == id);
}
}
}
完整代码：