Android 自定义View 加 lifecycle 简单使用

发布于:2025-03-06 ⋅ 阅读:(15) ⋅ 点赞:(0)

前言

 本文是自定义view中最简单的使用方法,分别进行 ‘onMeasure’、‘onDraw’、‘自定义样式’、‘lifecycle’的简单使用,了解自定义view的使用。

通过lifecycle来控制 动画的状态

一、onMeasure做了什么?

在onMeasure中获取view 的宽和高 是 ‘0’

 测量View的宽 / 高
  • 在某些情况下,需要多次测量(measure)才能确定View最终的宽/高;
  • 该情况下,measure过程后得到的宽 / 高可能不准确;
  • 此处建议:在layout过程中onLayout()去获取最终的宽 / 高
 必须要了解 MeasureSpec 作用

测量规格(MeasureSpec)是由测量模式(mode)和测量大小(size)组成,共32位(int类型),其中:

  • 测量模式(mode):占测量规格(MeasureSpec)的高2位;
  • 测量大小(size):占测量规格(MeasureSpec)的低30位。

MeasureSpec类用一个变量封装了测量模式(mode)和测量大小(size):通过使用二进制,将测量模式(mode)和测量大小(size)打包成一个int值,并提供了打包和解包的方法,这样的做法是为了减少对象内存分配和提高存取效率。具体使用如下所示:

 override fun onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec: Int, heightMeasureSpec: Int) {
        super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec)
        val widthModel = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec)
        val widthSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec)
        val heightModel = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec)
        val heightSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec)
//        @TODO 在 onMeasure 中获取view的 宽高 获取到是 0
        Log.e(TAG, "onMeasure: ${widthSize}-${width}__${heightSize}__${height}")
        val defWidth = 400
        val defHeight = 400
//        @TODO MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:wrap_content ; MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:match_parent ;
        if (widthModel == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST && heightModel == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST) {
            setMeasuredDimension(defWidth, defHeight)
        } else if (widthModel == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST) {
            setMeasuredDimension(defWidth, heightSize)
        } else if (heightModel == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST) {
            setMeasuredDimension(widthSize, defHeight)
        }
    }

2、onLayout 做了什么

计算位置,里面包含子view 的情况下才会用到这个函数

一般继承自viewGroup或者重新写layout布局

3、onDraw 做了什么

绘制View自身,设置padding 时要在onDraw中计算

1. 绘制view背景
2. 绘制view内容
3. 绘制子View
4. 绘制装饰(渐变框,滑动条等等)

  override fun onDraw(canvas: Canvas?) {
        super.onDraw(canvas)

        canvas?.let {
            val pL = paddingLeft
            val pR = paddingRight
            val pT = paddingTop
            val pB = paddingBottom

            var mHeight = height - pT - pB
            var mWidth = width - pL - pR
            val cy = pT.plus(pB).div(2) + mHeight.div(2).toFloat()
            val cx = pL.plus(pR).div(2) + mWidth.div(2).toFloat()
            val cc = Math.min(mHeight, mWidth).div(2).toFloat()
            it.drawCircle(
                cx,
                cy,
                cc,
                mPaint
            )
        }
    }

4、lifecycle控制动画的状态

自定义view 继承 DefaultLifecycleObserver 类 然后实现  生命周期=中的方法
    override fun onStart(owner: LifecycleOwner) {
        super.onStart(owner)
        animSetColor.start()
    }

    override fun onDestroy(owner: LifecycleOwner) {
        super.onDestroy(owner)
        animSetColor.cancel()
    }

    override fun onPause(owner: LifecycleOwner) {
        super.onPause(owner)
        animSetColor.pause()
    }

    override fun onResume(owner: LifecycleOwner) {
        super.onResume(owner)
        animSetColor.resume()
    }


在Act中 进行生命周期监听的绑定
  lifecycle.addObserver(customView)

5、代码示例

自定义View代码

/**
 * @TODO 自定义view
 *
 *
 */
class MyView(context: Context?, attrs: AttributeSet?) :
    View(context, attrs), DefaultLifecycleObserver {
    private val mPaint by lazy { Paint() }
    private val TAG = "MyView"
    private var i = 0

    //  @TODO 动画实现改变颜色  然后 通过  lifecycle 控制动画的状态:开始、暂停、恢复、取消
    private val animSetColor by lazy {
        ValueAnimator.ofInt(0, 100).apply {
            addListener(object : AnimatorListener {
                override fun onAnimationStart(animation: Animator) {
                }

                override fun onAnimationEnd(animation: Animator) {
                }

                override fun onAnimationCancel(animation: Animator) {
                }

                override fun onAnimationRepeat(animation: Animator) {
                    i++
                    if (i % 2 == 0) {
                        mPaint.color = android.graphics.Color.BLUE
                    }
                    mPaint.color = when (i % 5) {
                        0 -> android.graphics.Color.BLUE
                        1 -> android.graphics.Color.YELLOW
                        2 -> android.graphics.Color.CYAN
                        3 -> android.graphics.Color.MAGENTA
                        4 -> android.graphics.Color.LTGRAY
                        else -> android.graphics.Color.TRANSPARENT
                    }
//                    @TODO 每次设置颜色后 调用postInvalidate 重新绘制View
                    postInvalidate()
                }
            })
//            动画无线循环执行
            repeatCount = ValueAnimator.INFINITE
//            间隔一秒执行一次
            duration = 1000

        }
    }

    init {
        mPaint.color = Color.Blue.hashCode()
        mPaint.style = Paint.Style.FILL
        mPaint.strokeWidth = 20f
        context?.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.MyView)?.apply {
            mPaint.color = getColor(R.styleable.MyView_circlr_color, android.graphics.Color.GREEN)
            recycle()
        }
    }

    override fun onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec: Int, heightMeasureSpec: Int) {
        super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec)
        val widthModel = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec)
        val widthSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec)
        val heightModel = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec)
        val heightSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec)
//        @TODO 在 onMeasure 中获取view的 宽高 获取到是 0
        Log.e(TAG, "onMeasure: ${widthSize}-${width}__${heightSize}__${height}")
        val defWidth = 400
        val defHeight = 400
//        @TODO MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:wrap_content ; MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:match_parent ;
        if (widthModel == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST && heightModel == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST) {
            setMeasuredDimension(defWidth, defHeight)
        } else if (widthModel == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST) {
            setMeasuredDimension(defWidth, heightSize)
        } else if (heightModel == MeasureSpec.AT_MOST) {
            setMeasuredDimension(widthSize, defHeight)
        }
    }
//挂在到Act上时
//    override fun onAttachedToWindow() {
//        super.onAttachedToWindow()
//        Log.e(TAG, "onAttachedToWindow: ")
//        anim.start()
//    }

//在Act 销毁时
//    override fun onDetachedFromWindow() {
//        super.onDetachedFromWindow()
//        Log.e(TAG, "onDetachedFromWindow: ")
//        anim.cancel()
//
//    }

    override fun onStart(owner: LifecycleOwner) {
        super.onStart(owner)
        animSetColor.start()
    }

    override fun onDestroy(owner: LifecycleOwner) {
        super.onDestroy(owner)
        animSetColor.cancel()
    }

    override fun onPause(owner: LifecycleOwner) {
        super.onPause(owner)
        animSetColor.pause()
    }

    override fun onResume(owner: LifecycleOwner) {
        super.onResume(owner)
        animSetColor.resume()
    }


    override fun onLayout(changed: Boolean, left: Int, top: Int, right: Int, bottom: Int) {
        super.onLayout(changed, left, top, right, bottom)
        Log.e(TAG, "onLayout: ")

    }
    /**
     * 作用:根据给定的 Canvas 自动渲染View包括其所有子 View)。
     * 绘制过程:
     *   1. 绘制view背景
     *   2. 绘制view内容
     *   3. 绘制子View
     *   4. 绘制装饰(渐变框,滑动条等等)
     * 注:
     *    a. 在调用该方法之前必须要完成 layout 过程
     *    b. 所有的视图最终都是调用 View 的 draw()绘制视图( ViewGroup 没有复写此方法)
     *    c. 在自定义View时,不应该复写该方法,而是复写 onDraw(Canvas) 方法进行绘制
     *    d. 若自定义的视图确实要复写该方法,那么需先调用 super.draw(canvas)完成系统的绘制,然后再进行自定义的绘制
     */
    override fun onDraw(canvas: Canvas?) {
        super.onDraw(canvas)

        canvas?.let {
            val pL = paddingLeft
            val pR = paddingRight
            val pT = paddingTop
            val pB = paddingBottom

            var mHeight = height - pT - pB
            var mWidth = width - pL - pR
            val cy = pT.plus(pB).div(2) + mHeight.div(2).toFloat()
            val cx = pL.plus(pR).div(2) + mWidth.div(2).toFloat()
            val cc = Math.min(mHeight, mWidth).div(2).toFloat()
            it.drawCircle(
                cx,
                cy,
                cc,
                mPaint
            )
        }
    }
}
自定义View的xml样式文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
 <declare-styleable name="MyView">
     <attr name="circlr_color" format="color"/>
 </declare-styleable>
</resources>
layout布局文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:background="#11008811"
    tools:context=".CustomViewActivity">

    <com.andriod.police.view.MyView
        android:id="@+id/customView"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="130dp"
        android:background="#11f08811"
        app:circlr_color="@color/cardview_light_background"
        android:padding="20dp"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
Act
class CustomViewActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
    private val customView: MyView by lazy { findViewById(R.id.customView) }
    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_custom_view)
//        @TODO 通过  lifecycle 控制动画的状态:开始、暂停、恢复、取消
        lifecycle.addObserver(customView)
    }
}

总结

 在自定义View中了解在 onMeasure中进行view 的测量,在onLayout中进行对view位置的控制,在onDraw中进行view的绘制。

通过 lifecycle控制view的生命周期,防止出现内存泄露问题如在相应的生命周期中操作动画的执行状态