俄罗斯方块小游戏是当年风靡一时的小游戏，该游戏由一个棋盘组成，该棋盘跨度为10个单元格，高度为20个单元格，如下所示。
俄罗斯方块小游戏
关于此小游戏的规则，我们不再介绍，本期文章主要用代码来实现，我们知道俄罗斯方块小游戏主要有如下7个方块组成，我们在代码中使用字母“ O”，“ I”，“ S”，“ Z”，“ L”，“ J”和“ T”表示它们。
使用OpenCV和python创建俄罗斯方块
import cv2
import numpy as np
from random import choice
SPEED = 1 #控制速度
board = np.uint8(np.zeros([20, 10, 3]))
quit = False
place = False
drop = False
switch = False
held_piece = ""
flag = 0
score = 0首先我们导入需要的第三方库以及定义好需要的变量
# 所有方块造型
next_piece = choice(["O", "I", "S", "Z", "L", "J", "T"])
def get_info(piece):
if piece == "I":
coords = np.array([[0, 3], [0, 4], [0, 5], [0, 6]])
color = [255, 155, 15]
elif piece == "T":
coords = np.array([[1, 3], [1, 4], [1, 5], [0, 4]])
color = [138, 41, 175]
elif piece == "L":
coords = np.array([[1, 3], [1, 4], [1, 5], [0, 5]])
color = [2, 91, 227]
elif piece == "J":
coords = np.array([[1, 3], [1, 4], [1, 5], [0, 3]])
color = [198, 65, 33]
elif piece == "S":
coords = np.array([[1, 5], [1, 4], [0, 3], [0, 4]])
color = [55, 15, 215]
elif piece == "Z":
coords = np.array([[1, 3], [1, 4], [0, 4], [0, 5]])
color = [1, 177, 89]
else:
coords = np.array([[0, 4], [0, 5], [1, 4], [1, 5]])
color = [2, 159, 227]
return coords, color然后我们建立7个俄罗斯方块的造型与颜色，以上建立完成后，我们需要搭建一个游戏界面以及鼠标控制事件
def display(board, coords, color, next_info, held_info, score, SPEED):
border = np.uint8(127 - np.zeros([20, 1, 3]))
border_ = np.uint8(127 - np.zeros([1, 34, 3]))
dummy = board.copy()
dummy[coords[:,0], coords[:,1]] = color
right = np.uint8(np.zeros([20, 10, 3]))
right[next_info[0][:,0] + 2, next_info[0][:,1]] = next_info[1]
left = np.uint8(np.zeros([20, 10, 3]))
left[held_info[0][:,0] + 2, held_info[0][:,1]] = held_info[1]
dummy = np.concatenate((border, left, border, dummy, border, right, border), 1)
dummy = np.concatenate((border_, dummy, border_), 0)
dummy = dummy.repeat(20, 0).repeat(20, 1)
dummy = cv2.putText(dummy, str(score), (520, 200), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_DUPLEX, 1, [0, 0, 255], 2)
# 控制键
dummy = cv2.putText(dummy, "A - move left", (45, 200), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_DUPLEX, 0.6, [0, 0, 255])
dummy = cv2.putText(dummy, "D - move right", (45, 225), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_DUPLEX, 0.6, [0, 0, 255])
dummy = cv2.putText(dummy, "S - move down", (45, 250), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_DUPLEX, 0.6, [0, 0, 255])
dummy = cv2.putText(dummy, "W - hard drop", (45, 275), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_DUPLEX, 0.6, [0, 0, 255])
dummy = cv2.putText(dummy, "J - rotate left", (45, 300), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_DUPLEX, 0.6, [0, 0, 255])
dummy = cv2.putText(dummy, "L - rotate right", (45, 325), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_DUPLEX, 0.6, [0, 0, 255])
dummy = cv2.putText(dummy, "I - hold", (45, 350), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_DUPLEX, 0.6, [0, 0, 255])
cv2.imshow("Tetris", dummy)
key = cv2.waitKey(int(1000/SPEED))
return key
游戏界面
搭建的游戏界面如上，我们在界面左边显示每个鼠标按键的功能，中间是主游戏区域，最右边为积分区域
以上建立完成后，我们开始主函数的部分
我们有一个while循环，在每次迭代中，我们都会在游戏中放置一个新棋子。
在俄罗斯方块中，我们可以按某个键来固定一块。通过与当前方块交换，可以保留将来使用的一种方块。
在下面的代码中，我们首先检查用户是否要使用switch变量将当前方块与保留的方块交换。如果switch变量设置为false，我们将分配current_piece，next_piece并随机选择一个new next_piece
if __name__ == "__main__":
while not quit:
if switch:
held_piece, current_piece = current_piece, held_piece
switch = False
else:
current_piece = next_piece
next_piece = choice(["I", "T", "L", "J", "Z", "S", "O"])·
if flag > 0:
flag -= 1
#确定方块的颜色和位置current_piece，next_piece以及held_piece
if held_piece == "":
held_info = np.array([[0, 0]]), [0, 0, 0]
else:
held_info = get_info(held_piece)
next_info = get_info(next_piece)
coords, color = get_info(current_piece)
if current_piece == "I":
top_left = [-2, 3]
#这个if语句只是检查游戏是否需要终止
if not np.all(board[coords[:,0], coords[:,1]] == 0):
break接下来我们 在主程序里面设置while true死循环用来我们一直检测键盘输入，直到游戏结束
首先，我们使用display()功能显示板子并接收键盘输入，并复制原始位置
while True:
key = display(board, coords, color, next_info, held_info, score, SPEED)
dummy = coords.copy() 然后我们检测键盘输入的字母以便控制方块的移动旋转等操作
if key == ord("a"):
if np.min(coords[:,1]) > 0:
coords[:,1] -= 1
if current_piece == "I":
top_left[1] -= 1
elif key == ord("d"):
if np.max(coords[:,1]) < 9:
coords[:,1] += 1
if current_piece == "I":
top_left[1] += 1
elif key == ord("j") or key == ord("l"):
if current_piece != "I" and current_piece != "O":
if coords[1,1] > 0 and coords[1,1] < 9:
arr = coords[1] - 1 + np.array([[[x, y] for y in range(3)] for x in range(3)])
pov = coords - coords[1] + 1
elif current_piece == "I":
arr = top_left + np.array([[[x, y] for y in range(4)] for x in range(4)])
pov = np.array([np.where(np.logical_and(arr[:,:,0] == pos[0], arr[:,:,1] == pos[1])) for pos in coords])
pov = np.array([k[0] for k in np.swapaxes(pov, 1, 2)])
if current_piece != "O":
if key == ord("j"):
arr = np.rot90(arr, -1)
else:
arr = np.rot90(arr)
coords = arr[pov[:,0], pov[:,1]]
elif key == ord("w"):
drop = True
elif key == ord("i"):
if flag == 0:
if held_piece == "":
held_piece = current_piece
else:
switch = True
flag = 2
break
elif key == 8 or key == 27:
quit = True
break这里我们分别检测字母：
a:左移动
d:右移动
W:直接到底部
S：往下加速
j&l：旋转
I：更换方块
接下来，我们需要检查与其他方块的碰撞，并防止该方块进入或旋转到另一方块中。如果发生这种冲突，我们将使用coords存储在dummy变量中的副本将新位置更改回原始位置
if np.max(coords[:,0]) < 20 and np.min(coords[:,0]) >= 0:
if not (current_piece == "I" and (np.max(coords[:,1]) >= 10 or np.min(coords[:,1]) < 0)):
if not np.all(board[coords[:,0], coords[:,1]] == 0):
coords = dummy.copy()
else:
coords = dummy.copy()
else:
coords = dummy.copy()如果它与现有棋子碰撞或到达棋板的底部，则停止向下移动
if drop:
while not place:
if np.max(coords[:,0]) != 19:
for pos in coords:
if not np.array_equal(board[pos[0] + 1, pos[1]], [0, 0, 0]):
place = True
break
else:
place = True
if place:
break
coords[:,0] += 1
score += 1
if current_piece == "I":
top_left[0] += 1
drop = False当一块到达底部或碰到另一块时，将放置方块，否则将方块向下移动
else:
if np.max(coords[:,0]) != 19:
for pos in coords:
if not np.array_equal(board[pos[0] + 1, pos[1]], [0, 0, 0]):
place = True
break
else:
place = True
if place:
for pos in coords:
board[tuple(pos)] = color
place = False
break
coords[:,0] += 1
if key == ord("s"):
score += 1
if current_piece == "I":
top_left[0] += 1最后，我们按照设计规则，更新每次的得分，并实时记录
# 计算得分
lines = 0
for line in range(20):
if np.all([np.any(pos != 0) for pos in board[line]]):
lines += 1
board[1:line+1] = board[:line]
if lines == 1:
score += 40
elif lines == 2:
score += 100
elif lines == 3:
score += 300
elif lines == 4:
score += 1200以上便是本期完整的代码，运行此代码，我们便可以看到一个我设计完成的游戏界面，这里按照左屏的键盘字母提示就可以愉快的来玩游戏了
更多transformer，VIT，swin tranformer
参考头条号：人工智能研究所
v号：启示AI科技动画详解transformer 在线教程
