SpringBoot + Mybatis Plus 整合 Redis

Redis 在用户管理系统中的典型应用场景

结合你的用户增删改查接口，以下是 Redis 的实用场景和具体实现方案：

Mac M1 安装 Redis 详细步骤

1. 通过 Homebrew 安装 Redis

# 安装 Homebrew（如果尚未安装）
/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"

# 安装 Redis
brew install redis

2. 启动 Redis 服务

# 前台启动（测试用，Ctrl+C 退出）
redis-server

# 后台启动（推荐）
brew services start redis

3. 验证安装

# 连接 Redis 客户端
redis-cli ping  # 应返回 "PONG"

Spring Boot 3 整合 Redis

1. 添加依赖

在 pom.xml 中：

		<!-- Spring Cache 核心依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-cache</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Redis 驱动 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
        </dependency>

2. 配置 Redis 连接

application.yml：

spring:
  data:
    redis:
      host: localhost
      port: 6379
      # password: your-password  # 如果设置了密码
      lettuce:
        pool:
          max-active: 8
          max-idle: 8

3. 示例

配置类

package com.example.spring_demo01.config;

import org.springframework.cache.CacheManager;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.data.redis.cache.RedisCacheConfiguration;
import org.springframework.data.redis.cache.RedisCacheManager;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.*;

import java.time.Duration;

@Configuration
public class RedisConfig {

    // 配置 RedisTemplate
    @Bean
    public RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory factory) {
        RedisTemplate<String, Object> template = new RedisTemplate<>();
        template.setConnectionFactory(factory);

        // Key 序列化
        template.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());

        // Value 序列化为 JSON
        template.setValueSerializer(new GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer());

        // Hash 结构序列化
        template.setHashKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
        template.setHashValueSerializer(new GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer());

        return template;
    }

    // 配置缓存管理器
    @Bean
    public CacheManager cacheManager(RedisConnectionFactory factory) {
        RedisCacheConfiguration config = RedisCacheConfiguration.defaultCacheConfig()
                .serializeKeysWith(RedisSerializationContext.SerializationPair.fromSerializer(new StringRedisSerializer()))
                .serializeValuesWith(RedisSerializationContext.SerializationPair.fromSerializer(new GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer()))
                .entryTtl(Duration.ofMinutes(30)); // 设置默认过期时间

        return RedisCacheManager.builder(factory)
                .cacheDefaults(config)
                .build();
    }
}

接口限流工具类

package com.example.spring_demo01.utils;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.UUID;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

@Component
public class RateLimiter {

    @Autowired
    private RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate;

    public boolean allowRequest(String userId) {
        String key = "rate_limit:" + userId;
        long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
        long windowMs = 60_000; // 1 分钟

        // 移除窗口外的请求记录
        redisTemplate.opsForZSet().removeRangeByScore(key, 0, now - windowMs);

        // 统计当前窗口内请求数
        Long count = redisTemplate.opsForZSet().zCard(key);
        if (count != null && count >= 10) {
            return false; // 超过限制
        }

        // 记录本次请求
        redisTemplate.opsForZSet().add(key, UUID.randomUUID().toString(), now);
        redisTemplate.expire(key, windowMs, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
        return true;
    }
}

实体类

package com.example.spring_demo01.entity;

import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.annotation.*;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnoreProperties;
import lombok.Data;

import java.io.Serializable;

@Data
@TableName("user")
@JsonIgnoreProperties(ignoreUnknown = true) // 防止 JSON 反序列化问题
public class User implements Serializable { // 实现 Serializable
    @TableId(type = IdType.AUTO) // 主键自增
    private Long id;
    private String name;
    private Integer age;
    private String email;
}

service层

package com.example.spring_demo01.service.impl;

import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.service.impl.ServiceImpl;
import com.example.spring_demo01.entity.User;
import com.example.spring_demo01.mapper.UserMapper;
import com.example.spring_demo01.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CacheEvict;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.Cacheable;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.io.Serializable;

@Service
public class UserServiceImpl
        extends ServiceImpl<UserMapper, User>
        implements UserService {
    // 对 MyBatis Plus 的 getById 方法添加缓存
    @Cacheable(value = "user", key = "#id")
    @Override
    public User getById(Serializable id) {
        return super.getById(id);
    }

    // 更新时清除缓存
    @CacheEvict(value = "user", key = "#entity.id")
    @Override
    public boolean updateById(User entity) {
        return super.updateById(entity);
    }

    // 删除时清除缓存
    @CacheEvict(value = "user", key = "#id")
    @Override
    public boolean removeById(Serializable id) {
        return super.removeById(id);
    }
}

controller层

package com.example.spring_demo01.controller;

import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.core.conditions.query.QueryWrapper;
import com.baomidou.mybatisplus.extension.plugins.pagination.Page;
import com.example.spring_demo01.annotation.AdminOnly;
import com.example.spring_demo01.entity.User;
import com.example.spring_demo01.service.UserService;
import com.example.spring_demo01.utils.RateLimiter;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import java.time.Duration;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.UUID;

@Slf4j
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {

    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @Autowired
    private RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate;

    @Autowired
    private RateLimiter rateLimiter;


    // ------------------------------ 增 ------------------------------

    @PostMapping
    public String addUser(@RequestBody User user, @RequestHeader String clientId) {
        String key = "SUBMIT_LOCK:" + clientId + ":" + user.hashCode();

        // 10秒内不允许重复提交
        Boolean success = redisTemplate.opsForValue()
                .setIfAbsent(key, "", Duration.ofSeconds(10));

        if (Boolean.FALSE.equals(success)) {
            throw new RuntimeException("请勿重复提交");
        }

        userService.save(user);
        return "新增成功";
    }

    // ------------------------------ 删 ------------------------------
    @DeleteMapping("/{id}")
    public String deleteUser(@PathVariable Long id) {
        userService.removeById(id);
        return "删除成功";
    }

    @DeleteMapping("/batch")
    public String deleteBatch(@RequestBody List<Long> ids) {
        userService.removeByIds(ids);
        return "批量删除成功";
    }

    // ------------------------------ 改 ------------------------------
    @PutMapping
    public String updateUser(@RequestBody User user) {
        userService.updateById(user);
        return "更新成功";
    }

    // ------------------------------ 查 ------------------------------
    @GetMapping("/{id}")
    @AdminOnly
    public User getUserById(@PathVariable Long id) {
        return userService.getById(id);
    }

    @GetMapping("/list")
    public List<User> listUsers(
            @RequestParam(required = false) String name,
            @RequestParam(required = false) Integer age) {
        QueryWrapper<User> wrapper = new QueryWrapper<>();
        if (name != null) {
            wrapper.like("name", name); // 模糊查询姓名
        }
        if (age != null) {
            wrapper.eq("age", age);     // 精确查询年龄
        }
        return userService.list(wrapper);
    }
    
    @GetMapping("/page")
    public Page<User> pageUsers(
            @RequestParam(defaultValue = "1") Integer pageNum,
            @RequestParam(defaultValue = "10") Integer pageSize,
            @RequestHeader(value = "Authorization") String token) {

        // 从 Token 中获取用户ID
        log.info("token:{}", token);
        log.info("User:{}", redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(token.split(" ")[1]));
        User user = (User) redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(token.split(" ")[1]);
        if (user == null) throw new RuntimeException("未登录");

        // 限流校验
        if (!rateLimiter.allowRequest("PAGE_" + user.getId())) {
            throw new RuntimeException("请求过于频繁");
        }

        return userService.page(new Page<>(pageNum, pageSize));
    }

    // ------------------------------ other ------------------------------
    @GetMapping("/error")
    public String getError() {
        throw new RuntimeException();
    }

    @PostMapping("/login")
    public String login(@RequestBody User user) {
        log.info("login user:{}", user);
        // 验证用户逻辑（示例简化）
        User dbUser = userService.getOne(new QueryWrapper<User>()
                .eq("id", user.getId())
                .eq("name", user.getName()));

        if (dbUser == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("登录失败");
        }

        // 生成 Token 并存储
        String token = "TOKEN_" + UUID.randomUUID();
        redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(
                token,
                dbUser,
                Duration.ofMinutes(30)
        );
        return token;
    }
}

在启动类添加注解：

package com.example.spring_demo01;

import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletComponentScan;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.EnableCaching;

@SpringBootApplication
@MapperScan("com.example.spring_demo01.mapper")
@ServletComponentScan // 启用 Servlet 组件扫描（如 Filter、Servlet）
@EnableCaching // 启动缓存，Redis使用
public class SpringDemo01Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SpringDemo01Application.class, args);
    }

}

常见问题排查

Q1: 连接 Redis 超时

• 检查服务状态：运行 redis-cli ping 确认 Redis 是否正常运行
• 查看端口占用：lsof -i :6379
• 关闭防火墙：sudo ufw allow 6379

Q2: Spring Boot 无法注入 RedisTemplate

• 确认配置类：添加 @EnableCaching 和 @Configuration
• 检查序列化器：显式配置序列化方式避免 ClassCastException

  @Configuration
  public class RedisConfig {
      @Bean
      public RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory factory) {
          RedisTemplate<String, Object> template = new RedisTemplate<>();
          template.setConnectionFactory(factory);
          template.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
          template.setValueSerializer(new GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer());
          return template;
      }
  }
  

总结

通过 Redis 你可以为项目快速实现：

1. 高性能缓存层 - 降低数据库负载
2. 分布式会话管理 - 支持横向扩展
3. 精细化流量控制 - 保障系统稳定性