Git推送错误解决方案:rejected -> master (fetch first)
1.错误信息
To gitee.com:coderyihong/harmony-next_02_base.git ! [rejected] master -> master (fetch first)error: failed to push some refs to 'git@gitee.com:coderyihong/harmony-next_02_base.git'hint: Updates were rejected because the remote contains work that you dohint: not have locally. This is usually caused by another repository pushinghint: to the same ref. You may want to first integrate the remote changeshint: (e.g., 'git pull ...') before pushing again.hint: See the 'Note about fast-forwards' in 'git push --help' for details.
2.错误原因分析
- 远程仓库有本地没有的内容:
- 远程仓库已存在初始提交(如README.md、.gitignore等文件)
- 你的本地仓库和远程仓库提交历史不匹配
- 常见场景:
- 在Gitee/GitHub创建仓库时勾选了"初始化README"
- 其他人已向该仓库推送了代码
3.解决方案
3.1方法一:先合并远程更改(推荐)
# 1. 拉取远程更改并尝试合并git pull origin master
# 如果出现"unrelated histories"错误,使用:git pull origin master --allow-unrelated-histories
# 2. 解决可能出现的合并冲突后git add .git commit -m "Merge remote changes"
# 3. 再次推送git push origin master
3.2方法二:强制推送(慎用)
仅在你确定要覆盖远程内容时使用:
git push --force origin master
# 或更安全的强制推送git push --force-with-lease origin master
危险:会覆盖远程仓库的所有更改,只应在你完全理解后果时使用
3.3方法三:重建本地仓库(新手友好)
# 1. 备份你的本地代码cp -r your-project/ your-project-backup/
# 2. 删除原仓库,重新克隆rm -rf your-project/git clone git@gitee.com:coderyihong/harmony-next_02_base.git
# 3. 将备份代码复制到克隆的仓库cp -r your-project-backup/* harmony-next_02_base/
# 4. 提交并推送cd harmony-next_02_basegit add .git commit -m "Initial commit"git push origin master
4.预防措施
首次推送前:
# 先拉取远程仓库git pull origin master
创建新仓库时:
- 不要在平台初始化README/LICENSE文件
- 或先克隆空仓库再添加代码
团队协作时:
# 定期同步远程更改git fetch origingit merge origin/master
5.问题排查命令
# 查看远程分支状态git remote show origin
# 查看本地和远程的提交历史git log --graph --oneline --all# 比较本地和远程差异git diff master origin/master
6.各平台默认行为
平台 | 默认主分支 | 初始化选项 |
---|---|---|
Gitee | master/main | 可选README/LICENSE |
GitHub | main | 可选README/.gitignore/LICENSE |
GitLab | main | 可选README |
请根据你的实际情况选择最适合的解决方案。推荐使用方法一保持提交历史的完整性。