1.简介
在Oracle RAC环境中，ASM（Automatic Storage Management）管理的OCR（Oracle Cluster Registry）是集群的关键组件，存储集群配置和状态信息。
OCR的备份一般指物理备份，系统默认每4个小时自动备份一次，保留最近8次的备份，当然也可以手动执行一次备份。默认路径为$GRID_HOME/cdata下
2.使用方法
查看备份（root用户执行）
ocrconfig -showbackup
rac1 2025/03/18 08:50:50 /opt/app/11.2.0/grid/cdata/rac-cluster/backup00.ocr
rac1 2025/03/18 04:50:50 /opt/app/11.2.0/grid/cdata/rac-cluster/backup01.ocr
rac1 2024/12/25 01:00:32 /opt/app/11.2.0/grid/cdata/rac-cluster/backup02.ocr
rac1 2025/03/18 04:50:50 /opt/app/11.2.0/grid/cdata/rac-cluster/day.ocr
rac1 2025/03/18 04:50:50 /opt/app/11.2.0/grid/cdata/rac-cluster/week.ocr
rac1 2025/04/04 06:23:32 /opt/app/11.2.0/grid/cdata/rac-cluster/backup_20250404_062332.ocr
手动触发备份
[root@rac1 ~]# ocrconfig -manualbackup
rac1 2025/04/04 06:36:02 /opt/app/11.2.0/grid/cdata/rac-cluster/backup_20250404_063602.ocr
rac1 2025/04/04 06:23:32 /opt/app/11.2.0/grid/cdata/rac-cluster/backup_20250404_062332.ocr
恢复
ocrconfig -restore file_name
DUMP查看OCR信息
ocrdump -backupfile /opt/app/11.2.0/grid/cdata/rac-cluster/backup_20250404_063602.ocr
3.模拟故障
删除OCR信息
ASMCMD> cd +OCR/rac*
ASMCMD> ls
ASMPARAMETERFILE/
OCRFILE/
ASMCMD> cd OCRFILE
ASMCMD> ls
[root@rac1 cdata]# ocrcheck
Status of Oracle Cluster Registry is as follows :
Version : 3
Total space (kbytes) : 262120
Used space (kbytes) : 3176
Available space (kbytes) : 258944
ID : 161991732
Device/File Name : +OCR
Device/File integrity check succeeded
Device/File not configured
Device/File not configured
Device/File not configured
Device/File not configured
Cluster registry integrity check succeeded
Logical corruption check succeeded
#尝试ASM删除
ASMCMD> rm -f REGISTRY.255.1197524291
ORA-15032: not all alterations performed
ORA-15028: ASM file '+OCR/rac-cluster/OCRFILE/REGISTRY.255.1197524291' not dropped; currently being accessed (DBD ERROR: OCIStmtExecute)
#无法删除，直接DD
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb bs=1024 count=61440
61440+0 records in
61440+0 records out
62914560 bytes (63 MB) copied, 2.21147 s, 28.4 MB/s
重启集群
[root@rac1 ~]# crsctl check crs
CRS-4638: Oracle High Availability Services is online
CRS-4535: Cannot communicate with Cluster Ready Services
CRS-4530: Communications failure contacting Cluster Synchronization Services daemon
CRS-4534: Cannot communicate with Event Manager
#CSS进程无法启动，查看CSS日志/opt/app/11.2.0/grid/log/rac1/cssd/cssd.log
2025-04-04 07:06:42.679: [ SKGFD][855086848]Lib :UFS:: closing handle 0x7f9b1c1592e0 for disk :/dev/asm-ocr:
2025-04-04 07:06:42.679: [ SKGFD][855086848]Lib :UFS:: closing handle 0x7f9b1c140580 for disk :/dev/asm-redo:
2025-04-04 07:06:42.679: [ SKGFD][855086848]Lib :UFS:: closing handle 0x7f9b1c159b80 for disk :/dev/asm-data:
2025-04-04 07:06:42.679: [ SKGFD][855086848]Lib :UFS:: closing handle 0x7f9b1c13ee10 for disk :/dev/asm-arc:
2025-04-04 07:06:42.679: [ CSSD][855086848]clssnmvDiskVerify: Successful discovery of 0 disks
2025-04-04 07:06:42.679: [ CSSD][855086848]clssnmCompleteInitVFDiscovery: Completing initial voting file discovery
2025-04-04 07:06:42.679: [ CSSD][855086848]clssnmvFindInitialConfigs: No voting files found
2025-04-04 07:06:42.679: [ CSSD][855086848](:CSSNM00070:)clssnmCompleteInitVFDiscovery: Voting file not found. Retrying discovery in 15 seconds
#找不到仲裁盘
4.恢复步骤
完全关闭集群
crsctl stop crs -f
#如无法关闭，杀掉css和ohas相关进程
nocrs启动集群
[root@rac1 ~]# crsctl start crs -excl -nocrs
CRS-4123: Oracle High Availability Services has been started.
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.mdnsd' on 'rac1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.gipcd' on 'rac1'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.crf' on 'rac1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.mdnsd' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.gipcd' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.gpnpd' on 'rac1'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.crf' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.gpnpd' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.mdnsd' on 'rac1'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.mdnsd' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.gpnpd' on 'rac1'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.gpnpd' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.cssdmonitor' on 'rac1'
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.gipcd' on 'rac1'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.cssdmonitor' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.gipcd' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.cssd' on 'rac1'
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.diskmon' on 'rac1'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.diskmon' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.cssd' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.drivers.acfs' on 'rac1'
CRS-2679: Attempting to clean 'ora.cluster_interconnect.haip' on 'rac1'
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.ctssd' on 'rac1'
CRS-2681: Clean of 'ora.cluster_interconnect.haip' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.cluster_interconnect.haip' on 'rac1'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.drivers.acfs' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.ctssd' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.cluster_interconnect.haip' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2679: Attempting to clean 'ora.asm' on 'rac1'
CRS-2681: Clean of 'ora.asm' on 'rac1' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.asm' on 'rac1'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.asm' on 'rac1' succeeded
修改搜索磁盘路径参数
SQL> show parameter string;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
asm_diskstring string
SQL> alter system set asm_diskstring='/dev/asm*' scope=memory sid='*';
System altered.
重建OCR磁盘组
create diskgroup OCR external redundancy disk
'/dev/asm-ocr' attribute 'au_size'='1M','compatible.asm'='11.2','compatible.rdbms'='10.1';
还原OCR备份
ocrconfig -restore /opt/app/11.2.0/grid/cdata/rac-cluster/backup_20250404_063602.ocr
重建仲裁盘
[root@rac1 ~]# crsctl replace votedisk +OCR
Successful addition of voting disk 077b44c983b74ff0bfb6c84b20e1c93a.
Successfully replaced voting disk group with +OCR.
CRS-4266: Voting file(s) successfully replaced
[root@rac1 ~]# crsctl query css votedisk
## STATE File Universal Id File Name Disk group
-- ----- ----------------- --------- ---------
1. ONLINE 077b44c983b74ff0bfb6c84b20e1c93a (/dev/asm-ocr) [OCR]
Located 1 voting disk(s).
重建ASM实例参数文件
#如果之前备份生成过pfile，用pfile创建，没有的话查看alert日志自己手动创建一个pfile.ora
SQL> create spfile='+OCR' from pfile='/home/grid/pfile.ora';
File created.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Real Application Clusters and Automatic Storage Management options
[grid@rac1 ~]$ asmcmd spget
+OCR/rac-cluster/asmparameterfile/registry.253.1197531403
重启集群
crsctl stop crs -f
crsctl start crs
另一个节点也启动
验证集群状态
[root@rac1 ~]# crsctl check crs
CRS-4638: Oracle High Availability Services is online
CRS-4537: Cluster Ready Services is online
CRS-4529: Cluster Synchronization Services is online
CRS-4533: Event Manager is online
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注意：因为无法模拟OCR文件损坏，所以，直接破坏的OCR磁盘，真正生产环境中遇到OCR文件损坏，只要执行ocr的转储即可，不需要重建仲裁盘和SPFILE；如果业务正常，也不需要重启集群
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