Django构建简易视频编辑管理系统
以下是基于Django构建简易视频编辑管理系统的可运行代码框架，包含核心功能模块和实现逻辑。该系统支持视频上传、基本剪辑操作和管理功能。
环境准备
安装必要依赖包：
pip install django pillow moviepy django-crispy-forms
项目结构
video_editor/
├── core/
│ ├── models.py
│ ├── views.py
│ ├── forms.py
│ └── utils/
│ └── video_processing.py
├── templates/
│ ├── base.html
│ ├── upload.html
│ └── editor.html
└── static/
└── js/
└── editor.js
核心模型设计
# core/models.py
from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
class VideoProject(models.Model):
user = models.ForeignKey(User, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
title = models.CharField(max_length=255)
created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
class VideoClip(models.Model):
project = models.ForeignKey(VideoProject, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
original_file = models.FileField(upload_to='uploads/')
start_time = models.FloatField(default=0)
end_time = models.FloatField(null=True, blank=True)
processed_file = models.FileField(upload_to='processed/', null=True)
视频处理工具
# core/utils/video_processing.py
from moviepy.editor import VideoFileClip
import os
def trim_video(input_path, output_path, start_time, end_time=None):
clip = VideoFileClip(input_path)
if end_time:
clip = clip.subclip(start_time, end_time)
else:
clip = clip.subclip(start_time)
clip.write_videofile(output_path)
return output_path
视图逻辑
# core/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from .forms import VideoUploadForm
from .models import VideoProject, VideoClip
from .utils.video_processing import trim_video
def upload_video(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
form = VideoUploadForm(request.POST, request.FILES)
if form.is_valid():
project = VideoProject.objects.create(
user=request.user,
title=form.cleaned_data['title']
)
clip = VideoClip.objects.create(
project=project,
original_file=form.cleaned_data['video_file']
)
return redirect('video_editor', project_id=project.id)
else:
form = VideoUploadForm()
return render(request, 'upload.html', {'form': form})
def video_editor(request, project_id):
project = VideoProject.objects.get(id=project_id)
clip = project.videoclip_set.first()
if request.method == 'POST':
start = float(request.POST.get('start_time', 0))
end = float(request.POST.get('end_time', 0))
output_path = f'media/processed/{clip.id}_trimmed.mp4'
trim_video(clip.original_file.path, output_path, start, end)
clip.processed_file = output_path[len('media/'):]
clip.save()
return render(request, 'editor.html', {'project': project, 'clip': clip})
前端模板示例
<!-- templates/editor.html -->
{% extends "base.html" %}
{% block content %}
<div class="editor-container">
<video id="preview" controls>
<source src="{{ clip.original_file.url }}" type="video/mp4">
</video>
<form method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
<input type="range" id="start-slider" name="start_time" min="0" max="100" step="1">
<input type="range" id="end-slider" name="end_time" min="0" max="100" step="1">
<button type="submit">Trim Video</button>
</form>
{% if clip.processed_file %}
<div class="result">
<h3>Processed Video:</h3>
<video controls>
<source src="{{ clip.processed_file.url }}" type="video/mp4">
</video>
</div>
{% endif %}
</div>
{% endblock %}
路由配置
# urls.py
from django.urls import path
from core import views
urlpatterns = [
path('upload/', views.upload_video, name='upload'),
path('editor/<int:project_id>/', views.video_editor, name='video_editor'),
]
运行步骤
- 创建并迁移数据库：
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
- 创建媒体文件目录：
mkdir -p media/uploads media/processed
- 启动开发服务器：
python manage.py runserver
该系统实现了基础功能：
- 用户认证系统（需扩展）
- 视频上传存储
- 时间轴剪辑功能
- 结果预览与下载
Django-video-encoder
安装与配置
确保已安装 django-video-encoder 和相关依赖。可通过 pip 安装：
pip install django-video-encoder ffmpeg
在 Django 的 settings.py 中添加应用：
INSTALLED_APPS = [
...
'video_encoder',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
]
配置媒体文件路径：
MEDIA_URL = '/media/'
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media')
模型定义
创建一个模型来存储视频文件。示例模型如下：
from django.db import models
from video_encoder.fields import VideoField
class Video(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=100)
video_file = VideoField(upload_to='videos/')
encoded_video = models.CharField(max_length=255, blank=True)
def __str__(self):
return self.title
VideoField 是 django-video-encoder 提供的字段类型，用于处理视频上传和编码。
视图与模板
创建一个视图来处理视频上传和显示：
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from .models import Video
from .forms import VideoForm
def upload_video(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
form = VideoForm(request.POST, request.FILES)
if form.is_valid():
form.save()
return redirect('video_list')
else:
form = VideoForm()
return render(request, 'upload_video.html', {'form': form})
def video_list(request):
videos = Video.objects.all()
return render(request, 'video_list.html', {'videos': videos})
模板文件 upload_video.html：
<form method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
{% csrf_token %}
{{ form.as_p }}
<button type="submit">Upload</button>
</form>
模板文件 video_list.html：
{% for video in videos %}
<div>
<h3>{{ video.title }}</h3>
<video width="320" height="240" controls>
<source src="{{ video.video_file.url }}" type="video/mp4">
</video>
</div>
{% endfor %}
编码任务
django-video-encoder 会自动处理视频编码。编码任务通常在后台运行，可以使用 Celery 或 Django 的异步任务系统。以下是一个简单的任务示例：
from video_encoder.tasks import encode_video
def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
super().save(*args, **kwargs)
encode_video.delay(self.video_file.path)
配置 FFmpeg
确保系统已安装 FFmpeg，并在 settings.py 中配置：
VIDEO_ENCODER_BACKEND = 'video_encoder.backends.ffmpeg.FFmpegBackend'
VIDEO_ENCODER_THREADS = 4 # 设置编码线程数
自定义编码格式
可以通过继承 BaseEncoderBackend 自定义编码格式。示例：
from video_encoder.backends.base import BaseEncoderBackend
class CustomBackend(BaseEncoderBackend):
def encode(self, input_path, output_path, **kwargs):
# 自定义编码逻辑
pass
在 settings.py 中使用自定义后端：
VIDEO_ENCODER_BACKEND = 'path.to.CustomBackend'
视频处理信号
django-video-encoder 提供信号来处理视频编码完成事件。示例：
from video_encoder.signals import video_encoded
from django.dispatch import receiver
@receiver(video_encoded)
def handle_video_encoded(sender, instance, **kwargs):
instance.encoded_video = instance.video_file.url
instance.save()
高级配置
如果需要更高级的配置，可以在 settings.py 中设置：
VIDEO_ENCODER_FORMATS = {
'mp4': {
'options': [
'-codec:v', 'libx264',
'-crf', '23',
'-preset', 'fast',
'-codec:a', 'aac',
'-strict', '-2',
'-b:a', '128k',
],
},
}