SQL分片工具类

发布于:2025-06-20 ⋅ 阅读:(20) ⋅ 点赞:(0)

SQL分片工具类(SqlShardingUtil)提供数据库查询的智能分片功能,支持数字和字符串两种字段类型的分片策略。对于数字字段,可以指定分片数量均匀划分数值区间;对于字符串字段,则按照ASCII字符范围自动划分。工具类确保分片后的SQL语句完整覆盖数据范围且不重复,同时支持附加WHERE条件。实现原理是通过计算分片边界值,构建区间查询条件,特别处理字符串类型的开放式结尾区间,保证数据完整性。该工具适用于大数据量查询的性能优化场景。

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * SQL分片工具类
 * 支持 minVal 和 maxVal 为空的处理
 * 确保分片数据不重复且完整覆盖
 */
public class SqlShardingUtil {


    public enum FieldType {
        NUMBER, STRING
    }

    /**
     * 生成分片SQL列表
     *
     * @param baseSql    基础SQL(不含WHERE)
     * @param where      额外过滤条件,如"status = 1",可传空或null
     * @param splitField 分片字段名
     * @param fieldType  分片字段类型
     * @param minVal     分片起始值,数字传Long,字符串传单字符字符串
     * @param maxVal     分片结束值,数字传Long,字符串传单字符字符串
     * @param shardCount 分片数量(数字分片生效,字符串分片忽略)
     * @return 分片SQL语句列表
     */
    public static List<String> splitSQL(String baseSql, String where, String splitField, FieldType fieldType,
                                        Object minVal, Object maxVal, int shardCount) {
        List<String> result = new ArrayList<>();

        String baseWhere = (where == null || where.trim().isEmpty()) ? "WHERE 1=1" : (where.trim().toUpperCase().startsWith("WHERE") ? where.trim() : "WHERE " + where.trim());

        if (fieldType == FieldType.NUMBER) {
            if (!(minVal instanceof Number) || !(maxVal instanceof Number)) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("NUMBER类型分片,minVal和maxVal必须是数字");
            }
            long min = ((Number) minVal).longValue();
            long max = ((Number) maxVal).longValue();
            if (max < min) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("maxVal不能小于minVal");
            }
            if (shardCount <= 0) {
                shardCount = 1; // 至少一个分片
            }
            long total = max - min + 1;
            long step = (long) Math.ceil((double) total / shardCount);

            for (long start = min; start <= max; start += step) {
                long end = Math.min(start + step, max + 1);
                String condition = String.format("%s >= %d AND %s < %d", splitField, start, splitField, end);
                result.add(baseSql + " " + baseWhere + " AND " + condition);
            }

        } else if (fieldType == FieldType.STRING) {
            if (!(minVal instanceof String) || !(maxVal instanceof String)) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("STRING类型分片,minVal和maxVal必须是字符串");
            }
            if (((String) minVal).length() == 0 || ((String) maxVal).length() == 0) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("minVal和maxVal字符串不能为空");
            }

            char minChar = ((String) minVal).charAt(0);
            char maxChar = ((String) maxVal).charAt(0);
            if (maxChar < minChar) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("maxVal字符不能小于minVal字符");
            }

            // 忽略shardCount,按字符区间分片
            List<Character> asciiChars = getCharRange(minChar, maxChar);

            for (int i = 0; i < asciiChars.size() - 1; i++) {
                char start = asciiChars.get(i);
                char end = asciiChars.get(i + 1);
                String condition = String.format("%s >= '%c' AND %s < '%c'", splitField, start, splitField, end);
                result.add(baseSql + " " + baseWhere + " AND " + condition);
            }

            // 最后一段闭区间,确保不漏数据
            char last = asciiChars.get(asciiChars.size() - 1);
            String lastCondition = String.format("%s >= '%c'", splitField, last);
            result.add(baseSql + " " + baseWhere + " AND " + lastCondition);

        } else {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException("不支持的FieldType:" + fieldType);
        }

        return result;
    }

    /**
     * 获取指定区间内的有效字符列表(包含数字、大小写字母及常用符号)
     *
     * @param start 起始字符(包含)
     * @param end   结束字符(包含)
     * @return 字符列表
     */
    private static List<Character> getCharRange(char start, char end) {
        List<Character> list = new ArrayList<>();
        for (char c = start; c <= end; c++) {
            if (Character.isDigit(c) || Character.isLetter(c) || isSymbol(c)) {
                list.add(c);
            }
        }
        return list;
    }

    /**
     * 判断是否为常用符号
     */
    private static boolean isSymbol(char c) {
        return "!@#$%^&*()_+-=[]{}|;:',.<>?/`~\"\\ ".indexOf(c) >= 0;
    }

    // 示例 main 方法
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String baseSql = "SELECT * FROM user_table";
        String where = "status = 1";
        String splitField = "user_id";

        // 数字分片示例
        List<String> numberShards = splitSQL(baseSql, where, splitField, FieldType.NUMBER, 1, 100, 5);
        System.out.println("数字分片:");
        numberShards.forEach(System.out::println);

        // 字符分片示例,覆盖0~Z(数字和大写字母)
        List<String> stringShards = splitSQL(baseSql, where, "username", FieldType.STRING, "0", "Z", 0);
        System.out.println("\n字符分片:");
        stringShards.forEach(System.out::println);
    }


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