nginx和ffmpeg 的安装请参考我的另一篇文章
Nginx+rtmp+ffmpeg搭建视频转码服务_nginx-rtmp-module-master-CSDN博客
目录
1、整体方案设计如图
其中config下是视频配置文件，live存放视频实时流，archive存放视频历史流
2、nginx下目录创建和配置文件创建
cd /usr/local/nginx/html
mkdir streams
cd streams
mkdir config
vi cameras.json
在json文件中填充如下内容
{
"cameras": [
{
"id": "zl",
"rtsp": "rtsp://admin:123456@172.168.2.11:554/Streaming/Channels/101",
"name": "走廊监控"
},
{
"id": "blm",
"rtsp": "rtsp://admin:123456@172.168.2.11:554/Streaming/Channels/201",
"name": "玻璃门监控"
},
{
"id": "cg",
"rtsp": "rtsp://admin:123456@172.168.2.11:554/Streaming/Channels/301",
"name": "采购监控"
},
{
"id": "yf",
"rtsp": "rtsp://admin:123456@172.168.2.11:554/Streaming/Channels/401",
"name": "研发监控"
},
{
"id": "qt",
"rtsp": "rtsp://admin:123456@172.168.2.11:554/Streaming/Channels/501",
"name": "前台监控"
}
],
"hls_time": 2,
"max_archive_hours": 24,
"live_segments": 2
} 1："hls_time": 2,#每个切片时长 2s
2："max_archive_hours": 24,#历史数据保留24小时
3：live_segments 指定播放列表(m3u8文件)中保留的最新TS视频分片数量
3.1：当设置为5时：
播放列表始终保留最新的5个TS分片
当第6个分片生成时，最旧的分片会被移除
例如：segment_001.ts 到 segment_005.ts → 新分片产生 → segment_002.ts 到 segment_006.ts
3.2：计算公式
实时流延迟 ≈
live_segments×hls_time上面示例：5 × 2秒 = 约10秒延迟
3、创建视频流生成脚本
创建start_streams.sh脚本
vi start_streams.sh
在脚本中填充如下内容
#!/bin/bash
CONFIG_FILE="/usr/local/nginx/html/streams/config/cameras.json"
STREAMS_DIR="/home/streams" #流媒体存储目录
#STREAMS_DIR="/usr/local/nginx/html/streams"
NGINX_USER="nginx" # Nginx运行用户
# 创建目录并设置权限
mkdir -p $STREAMS_DIR/{live,archive}
chown -R $NGINX_USER:$NGINX_USER $STREAMS_DIR
chmod -R 755 $STREAMS_DIR
# 读取配置
CAMERAS=$(jq -r '.cameras[] | .id' $CONFIG_FILE)
HLS_TIME=$(jq -r '.hls_time' $CONFIG_FILE)
MAX_HOURS=$(jq -r '.max_archive_hours' $CONFIG_FILE)
LIVE_SEGMENTS=$(jq -r '.live_segments' $CONFIG_FILE)
# 为每个摄像头启动FFmpeg进程
for CAMERA in $CAMERAS; do
RTSP_URL=$(jq -r --arg id "$CAMERA" '.cameras[] | select(.id==$id) | .rtsp' $CONFIG_FILE)
# 创建目录
mkdir -p $STREAMS_DIR/live/$CAMERA
mkdir -p $STREAMS_DIR/archive/$CAMERA
# 启动实时流
ffmpeg -i "$RTSP_URL" \
-c copy \
-f hls \
-hls_time $HLS_TIME \
-hls_list_size $LIVE_SEGMENTS \
-hls_flags delete_segments \
-hls_segment_filename "$STREAMS_DIR/live/$CAMERA/segment_%03d.ts" \
"$STREAMS_DIR/live/$CAMERA/live.m3u8" &
# 启动历史流
ffmpeg -i "$RTSP_URL" \
-c copy \
-f hls \
-hls_time $HLS_TIME \
-hls_list_size 0 \
-hls_flags append_list \
-hls_segment_filename "$STREAMS_DIR/archive/$CAMERA/%Y%m%d_%H%M%S.ts" \
-strftime 1 \
"$STREAMS_DIR/archive/$CAMERA/archive.m3u8" &
done
# 定时清理旧历史文件
while true; do
for CAMERA in $CAMERAS; do
find "$STREAMS_DIR/archive/$CAMERA" -name "*.ts" -mmin +$(($MAX_HOURS*60)) -delete
done
sleep 3600 # 每小时清理一次
done
该脚本启动时如果系统没有安装 jq，启动脚本提示提示 jq: 未找到命令
需要安装一下jq
wget https://github.com/stedolan/jq/releases/download/jq-1.6/jq-linux64
mv jq-1.6 jq
chmod +x jq # 添加可执行权限
sudo mv jq /usr/local/bin/ # 移动到系统路径
查看jq是否安装成功
jq --version
脚本如果继续执行报错 这行报错parse error: Invalid numeric literal
把json配置文件中的#注释去掉
启动脚本
4、修改nginx配置
nginx全局配置如下
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
rtmp {
server {
listen 1935; #监听的端口号
application myapp { #自定义的名字
live on;
}
application hls {
live on;
hls on;
hls_path /tmp/hls;
hls_fragment 1s;
hls_playlist_length 3s;
}
}
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
# 实时流访问
location /live {
#alias /usr/local/nginx/html/streams/live;#根据自己文视频流生成的位置配置，我这边因为要存历史视频，占用空间大，所以把视频流放到/home/streams 目录下去了
alias /home/streams/live;
types {
application/vnd.apple.mpegurl m3u8;
video/mp2t ts;
}
add_header Cache-Control no-cache;
}
# 历史流访问
location /archive {
#alias /usr/local/nginx/html/streams/archive;
alias /home/streams/archive;
types {
application/vnd.apple.mpegurl m3u8;
video/mp2t ts;
}
add_header Cache-Control no-cache;
}
# 配置API 访问json配置文件
location /api/cameras {
alias /usr/local/nginx/html/streams/config/cameras.json;
default_type application/json;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443 ssl;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
}
配置完成后，启动nginx
5、管理界面 (video.html)
自己通过一个html页面查看视频是否正常播放，或者通过流媒体播放软件查看
video.html页面内容如下
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>多路视频监控</title>
<!-- 替换为国内CDN -->
<script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/hls.js/1.1.5/hls.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/jquery/3.6.0/jquery.min.js"></script>
<style>
.video-container {
display: inline-block;
margin: 10px;
vertical-align: top;
}
.video-title {
text-align: center;
font-weight: bold;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>视频监控系统</h1>
<div id="cameras-container"></div>
<script>
$(document).ready(function() {
// 获取摄像头列表
$.getJSON("http://192.168.3.35/api/cameras", function(data) {
const cameras = data.cameras;
cameras.forEach(camera => {
// 创建视频容器
const container = $(`
<div class="video-container">
<div class="video-title">${camera.name}</div>
<div>
<button onclick="playLive('${camera.id}')">实时</button>
<input type="datetime-local" id="${camera.id}-start">
<input type="datetime-local" id="${camera.id}-end">
<button onclick="playArchive('${camera.id}')">回放</button>
</div>
<video id="${camera.id}-video" controls width="640" height="360"></video>
</div>
`);
$("#cameras-container").append(container);
// 默认播放实时视频
playLive(camera.id);
});
});
});
function playLive(cameraId) {
const video = document.getElementById(`${cameraId}-video`);
if(Hls.isSupported()) {
const hls = new Hls();
hls.loadSource(`/live/${cameraId}/live.m3u8`);
hls.attachMedia(video);
video.play();
} else if (video.canPlayType('application/vnd.apple.mpegurl')) {
video.src = `/live/${cameraId}/live.m3u8`;
video.play();
}
}
function playArchive(cameraId) {
const start = document.getElementById(`${cameraId}-start`).value;
const end = document.getElementById(`${cameraId}-end`).value;
const video = document.getElementById(`${cameraId}-video`);
// 简单实现 - 实际项目中应该调用后端API筛选时间范围
if(Hls.isSupported()) {
const hls = new Hls();
hls.loadSource(`/archive/${cameraId}/archive.m3u8`);
hls.attachMedia(video);
video.play();
}
}
</script>
</body>
</html>在nginx html下面创建video文件夹，把video.html放进去，启动nginx，访问页面内容如下
6、ffmpeg后台启动
上面的启动脚本不是后台启动，关闭ssh连接后，服务会中断，
方案1：使用nohup和后台运行
6.1启动脚本编写
注意：脚本启动后，不要通过ctrl+c 方式退出启动命令，程序会终止，直接通过叉掉ssh页面即可
#!/bin/bash
CONFIG_FILE="/usr/local/nginx/html/streams/config/cameras.json"
STREAMS_DIR="/home/streams" #流媒体存储目录
#STREAMS_DIR="/usr/local/nginx/html/streams"
NGINX_USER="nginx" # Nginx运行用户
PID_FILE="$STREAMS_DIR/process_ids.txt" # PID记录文件
# 清空或创建PID文件
> "$PID_FILE"
# 创建目录并设置权限
mkdir -p $STREAMS_DIR/{live,archive,logs}
chown -R $NGINX_USER:$NGINX_USER $STREAMS_DIR
chmod -R 755 $STREAMS_DIR
# 读取配置
CAMERAS=$(jq -r '.cameras[] | .id' $CONFIG_FILE)
HLS_TIME=$(jq -r '.hls_time' $CONFIG_FILE)
MAX_HOURS=$(jq -r '.max_archive_hours' $CONFIG_FILE)
LIVE_SEGMENTS=$(jq -r '.live_segments' $CONFIG_FILE)
# 为每个摄像头启动FFmpeg（使用nohup）
for CAMERA in $CAMERAS; do
RTSP_URL=$(jq -r --arg id "$CAMERA" '.cameras[] | select(.id==$id) | .rtsp' $CONFIG_FILE)
# 为每个摄像创建目录
mkdir -p $STREAMS_DIR/live/$CAMERA
mkdir -p $STREAMS_DIR/archive/$CAMERA
# 实时流 - 使用nohup和后台运行
nohup ffmpeg -i "$RTSP_URL" \
-c copy \
-f hls \
-hls_time $HLS_TIME \
-hls_list_size $LIVE_SEGMENTS \
-hls_flags delete_segments \
-hls_segment_filename "$STREAMS_DIR/live/$CAMERA/segment_%03d.ts" \
"$STREAMS_DIR/live/$CAMERA/live.m3u8" > "$STREAMS_DIR/logs/$CAMERA-live.log" 2>&1 &
echo "$! camera_$CAMERA live" >> "$PID_FILE" # 记录PID
# 历史流 - 使用nohup和后台运行
nohup ffmpeg -i "$RTSP_URL" \
-c copy \
-f hls \
-hls_time $HLS_TIME \
-hls_list_size 0 \
-hls_flags append_list \
-hls_segment_filename "$STREAMS_DIR/archive/$CAMERA/%Y%m%d_%H%M%S.ts" \
-strftime 1 \
"$STREAMS_DIR/archive/$CAMERA/archive.m3u8" > "$STREAMS_DIR/logs/$CAMERA-archive.log" 2>&1 &
echo "$! camera_$CAMERA archive" >> "$PID_FILE" # 记录PID
done
# 定时清理旧历史文件
while true; do
for CAMERA in $CAMERAS; do
find "$STREAMS_DIR/archive/$CAMERA" -name "*.ts" -mmin +$(($MAX_HOURS*60)) -delete
done
sleep 3600 # 每小时清理一次
done脚本执行如果提示 无效的用户: "nginx:nginx" 则创建nginx用户
# 创建nginx用户和组
sudo groupadd nginx
sudo useradd -g nginx -s /sbin/nologin -d /var/nginx -M nginx
# 验证用户
id nginx6.2停止脚本编写
在home目录创建停止脚本 vi stop_streams.sh
#!/bin/bash
# 文件用来存储进程ID
PID_FILE="/home/streams/process_ids.txt"
LOG_FILE="/home/streams/stop.log"
# 记录日志函数
log() {
echo "[$(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')] $1" | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
}
# 脚本结束前，关闭所有记录的进程
cleanup() {
if [ ! -f "$PID_FILE" ]; then
log "错误：PID文件 $PID_FILE 不存在"
return 1
fi
log "开始停止所有FFmpeg进程..."
total=0
killed=0
while read -r line; do
# 解析PID和描述信息
pid=$(echo "$line" | awk '{print $1}')
desc=$(echo "$line" | cut -d' ' -f2-)
((total++))
# 检查PID是否有效
if kill -0 "$pid" 2>/dev/null; then
log "正在停止进程 $pid ($desc)"
if kill "$pid"; then
((killed++))
log "成功停止进程 $pid"
else
log "警告：无法停止进程 $pid"
fi
else
log "进程 $pid 已停止或不存在"
fi
done < "$PID_FILE"
log "操作完成：共找到 $total 个记录，成功停止 $killed 个进程"
# 清空PID文件（可选）
> "$PID_FILE"
}
# 确保脚本退出时调用cleanup函数
trap cleanup EXIT
# 主执行
log "====== 开始执行停止脚本 ======"
cleanup
exit 0方案2：使用systemd服务（推荐生产环境使用）
创建systemd服务文件
/etc/systemd/system/rtsp_to_hls.service:
[Unit]
Description=RTSP to HLS Stream Service
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=forking
User=nginx
WorkingDirectory=/home/streams
ExecStart=/path/to/your/start_streams.sh
Restart=always
RestartSec=10
StandardOutput=append:/home/streams/logs/service.log
StandardError=append:/home/streams/logs/service-error.log
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target建日志目录并设置权限:
sudo mkdir -p /home/streams/logs sudo chown nginx:nginx /home/streams/logs启用并启动服务:
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable rtsp_to_hls.service
sudo systemctl start rtsp_to_hls.service验证服务是否正常运行
# 检查systemd服务状态
systemctl status rtsp_to_hls.service
# 检查进程
pgrep -a ffmpeg
# 检查日志
tail -f /home/streams/logs/*.log停止服务的正确方式
sudo systemctl stop rtsp_to_hls.service