6. 浏览器导航
6.1 打开网站
driver.get("https://tool.lu/")
6.2 浏览器的前进、后退、刷新
driver.back()
driver.forward()
driver.refresh()
import time
import datetime
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service as ChromeService
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager
# 1.打开浏览器
chrome_driver_path = r"D:\Program Files\Python39\Scripts\chromedriver.exe"
# 1.打开浏览器
driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=ChromeService(executable_path=chrome_driver_path))
driver.get("https://www.baidu.com")
driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#kw").send_keys("迪丽热巴")
driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#su").click()
time.sleep(2)
# 后退,回到百度首页
driver.back()
time.sleep(2)
# 前进,回到迪丽热巴
driver.forward()
time.sleep(2)
# 刷新
driver.refresh()
time.sleep(2)
driver.quit()
7. 文件上传
文件上传的html：upload.html
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" />
<title>upload_file</title>
<script type="text/javascript">
</script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="row-fluid">
<div class="span6 well">
<h3>upload_file</h3>
<input type="file" name="file" />
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
这个弹窗不是控件，无法识别窗口元素。
点击文件上传的场景下会弹窗系统窗口，进行文件的选择。
selenium无法识别非web的控件，上传文件窗口为系统自带，无法识别窗口元素。
但是可以使用sendkeys来上传指定路径的文件，达到的效果是一样的。
driver.get("file:///D:/file/%E6%AF%94%E7%89%B9%E6%95%99%E5%8A%A1/%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95/selenium4html/selenium-html/upload.html")
ele = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR,"body > div > div > input[type=file]")
ele.send_keys("D:\\file\\test.txt")
html写完后用浏览器打开 ，复制网址黏贴到driver.get()里面就行了
import time
import datetime
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service as ChromeService
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager
# 1.打开浏览器
chrome_driver_path = r"D:\Program Files\Python39\Scripts\chromedriver.exe"
# 1.打开浏览器
driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=ChromeService(executable_path=chrome_driver_path))
# 上传本地文件
driver.get("file:///D:/%E4%B9%A6/114%E5%BD%95%E6%92%AD%E8%AF%BE%E4%BB%B6/%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E8%AF%BE%E4%BB%B62024-C++/upload.html")
ele = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "body > div > div > input[type=file]").send_keys("D:\\file\\test.txt")
time.sleep(2)
driver.quit()
上传前：
上传后：
8. 浏览器参数设置
8.1 设置无头模式
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_argument("-headless") # -headless：表示无头模式
driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=ChromeService(ChromeDriverManager().install()),options=options)
无头模式：无头模式：程序在后端运行，界面看不到页面的表现。
自动化打开浏览器默认情况下为有头模式。
import time
import datetime
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service as ChromeService
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager
# 设置 浏览器驱动
chrome_driver_path = r"D:\Program Files\Python39\Scripts\chromedriver.exe"
# 浏览器参数配置
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
# 添加无头模式
options.add_argument("-headless")
# 1.打开浏览器
driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=ChromeService(executable_path=chrome_driver_path), options=options)
driver.get("https://www.baidu.com/")
print(driver.title)
driver.quit()
打印：
"D:\Program Files\Python39\python.exe" D:/code/python/测试/images/_9test.py
百度一下，你就知道
进程已结束,退出代码0
8.2 页面加载策略
options.page_load_strategy = '加载方式'
页面加载方式主要有三种类型：
| 策略 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| normal | 默认值, 等待所有资源下载 |
| eager | DOM 访问已准备就绪, 但诸如图像的其他资源可能仍在加载，建议选 |
| none | 完全不会阻塞WebDriver，不建议选 |
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.page_load_strategy = 'eager'
driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=ChromeService(ChromeDriverManager().install()),options=options)
driver.get默认情况下等待所有的资源加载完成之后才能继续往下执行，但是实际上主页面加载完成之后我们就可以继续执行自动化，若一直等待的话可能会造成页面超时、元素找不到等问题…
normal策略：
import time
import datetime
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service as ChromeService
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from webdriver_manager.chrome import ChromeDriverManager
# 设置 浏览器驱动
chrome_driver_path = r"D:\Program Files\Python39\Scripts\chromedriver.exe"
# 浏览器参数配置
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
# 添加页面加载策略
options.page_load_strategy = 'normal'
# 1.打开浏览器
driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=ChromeService(executable_path=chrome_driver_path), options=options)
driver.get("https://haokan.baidu.com/")
print(driver.title)
driver.quit()
eager策略：
options.page_load_strategy = 'eager'
none策略：
options.page_load_strategy = 'none'