一、实验拓扑
二、实验需求
1.除了R5的环回地址固定5.5.5.0/24，其他网段基于192.168.1.0/24进行合理划分；
2.R1-R4每个路由器存在两个环回接口，模拟PC，地址也在192.168.1.0/24网络内；
3.R1-R4不能直接编写到达5.5.5.0/24的静态路由，但依然可以访问；
4.全网可达，尽量减少每台路由器路由条目数量，避免环路；
5.R4与R5间，正常1000M链路通信，故障时自动改为100M；
三、实验思路
1.IP地址规划
以192.168.1.0/24为基础网段，将其划分为多个网段
2.基础配置
设备命名：将各路由器分别命名为R1-R5。
接口IP配置：根据规划的网段，为各路由器的物理接口配置相应的IP地址。
环回接口配置：为R1-R4分别配置两个环回接口，并分配对应的IP地址，R5配置一个固定环回接口。
3.静态路由配置
为各路由器编写静态路由，使网络内各网段能够相互通信，同时尽量减少每台路由器的路由条目数量，避免出现环路。
对于R1-R4，不直接配置到达R5环回地址5.5.5.0/24的静态路由
4.缺省路由配置
在R1-R4上配置缺省路由
5.避免环路与优化
在R1-R4上分别配置指向自身环回网段的空接口路由，防止路由环路。
6.R4-R5链路配置
为R4到R5的100M链路路由设置更高的优先级（61），使1000M链路正常时作为主用链路，1000M链路故障时自动切换到100M链路.
7.连通性测试
对各路由器之间以及与R5环回地址的连通性进行测试，验证配置的正确性，确保全网可达。
四、实验步骤
1、IP地址的划分
192.168.1.0/24划分5个网段
（1）192.168.1.0000 0000----192.168.1.0/27----骨干链路
192.168.1.0000 0000--192.168.1.0/30---255.255.255.252
192.168.1.0000 0100--192.168.1.4/30
192.168.1.0000 1000--192.168.1.8/30
192.168.1.0000 1100--192.168.1.12/30
192.168.1.0001 0000--192.168.1.16/30
192.168.1.0001 0100--192.168.1.20/30
（2）192.168.1.0010 0000----192.168.1.32/27----R1环回
192.168.1.0010 0000---192.168.1.32/28
192.168.1.0011 0000---192.168.1.48/28
（3）192.168.1.0100 0000----192.168.1.64/27---R2环回
192.168.1.0100 0000---192.168.1.64/28
192.168.1.0101 0000---192.168.1.80/28
（4）192.168.1.0110 0000----192.168.1.96/27--R3环回
192.168.1.0110 0000---192.168.1.96/28
192.168.1.0111 0000--192.168.1.112/28
（5）192.168.1.1000 0000----192.168.1.128/27--R4环回
192.168.1.1000 0000---192.168.1.128/28
192.168.1.1001 0000--192.168.1.144/28
2、配置IP地址部分
（1）改名字
<Huawei>system-view
[Huawei]sysname R1
<Huawei>system-view
[Huawei]sysname R2
<Huawei>system-view
[Huawei]sysname R3
<Huawei>system-view
[Huawei]sysname R4
<Huawei>system-view
[Huawei]sysname R5
2、给接口配置IP地址
R1:[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.1 30
[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.5 30
R2:[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.2 30
[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.9 30
R3:[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.6 30
[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.13 30
R4:[R4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.10 30
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.14 30
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 192.168.1.17 30
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g4/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.21 30
R5:[R5]interface g0/0/0
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.18 30
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.22 30
3、添加环回接口
R1:
[R1]int LoopBack 0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.33 28
[R1-LoopBack0]int loopback1
[R1-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.49 28
R2:
[R2]interface LoopBack 0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.65 28
[R2-LoopBack0]int l1
[R2-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.81 28
R3:
[R3]int l0
[R3-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.97 28
[R3-LoopBack0]int l1
[R3-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.113 28
R4:
[R4]interface l0
[R4-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.129 28
[R4-LoopBack0]int l1
[R4-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.145 28
R5:
[R5]int LoopBack 0
[R5-LoopBack0]ip address 5.5.5.1 24
4、编写静态路由
R1:
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.6
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.6
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.6
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.6
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.6
[R1]display ip routing-table protocol static
R2:
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.1
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.1
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.10
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.10
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.10
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.10
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.10
[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.1
R3:
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.5
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.5
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.5
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.14
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.14
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.14
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.14
[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.14
R4:
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.9
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.9
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.9
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.13
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.13
[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.13
R5：
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.21
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.21
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.21
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.21
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.21
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.21
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.21
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.17
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.21
5、测试R1-R4之间的连通性
R1:
R2:
R3:
R4:
只能实现R1-R4之间互通，无法到达R5
6、编写静态缺省
R1:
[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.6
R2:
[R2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.10
R3:
[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.14
R4:
[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.18
[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22
7、测试R1-R5的连通性，避免环路
R1:[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 NULL 0
R2:[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 NULL 0
R3:[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 NULL 0
R4:[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 NULL 0
8、R4-R5实现链路通信
[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22 preference 61
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61
Info: Succeeded in modifying route.
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61
Info: Succeeded in modifying route.
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61
Info: Succeeded in modifying route.
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61
Info: Succeeded in modifying route.
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61
Info: Succeeded in modifying route.
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61
Info: Succeeded in modifying route.
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61
Info: Succeeded in modifying route.
[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61
Info: Succeeded in modifying route.
[R5]int g0/0/0
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]sh
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]shutdown
Jul 10 2025 19:35:17-08:00 R5 %%01IFPDT/4/IF_STATE(l)[0]:Interface GigabitEthern
et0/0/0 has turned into DOWN state.
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]
Jul 10 2025 19:35:17-08:00 R5 %%01IFNET/4/LINK_STATE(l)[1]:The line protocol IP
on the interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 has entered the DOWN state.
五、实验结果
