一、Apache 是什么?
Apache(全称 Apache HTTP Server)是当前最流行的开源Web服务器软件之一,由Apache软件基金会维护。它以稳定性高、模块化设计和灵活的配置著称,支持Linux、Windows等多平台,是搭建个人博客、企业官网乃至复杂Web应用的首选工具。
/etc/httpd/conf | #apache的配置目录 |
---|---|
/etc/http/conf.d | #子配置目录 |
/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf | #主配置文件 |
/lib/systemd/system/htpd.service | #启动文件 |
:80 | #默认端口 |
/var/www/html | #默认发布目录 |
index.html | #默认发布文件 |
二、安装Apache
# 1. 安装Apache
sudo dnf install httpd -y
# 2. 放行防火墙(允许HTTP/HTTPS流量)
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=https
sudo firewall-cmd --reload
# 3. 启动并设置开机自启
sudo systemctl enable --now httpd
# 4.生成默认测试页文件
echo 172.25.254.100 > /var/www/html/index.html
# 5.测试:
curl 172.25.254.100
172.25.254.100
三、Apache的基本配置信息
1.端口修改
#修改配置文件
[root@apache ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
47 Listen 8080
#刷新服务
[root@apache ~]# systemctl reload httpd
#设定火墙通过
[root@apache ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=8080/tcp
success
[root@apache ~]# firewall-cmd --reload
#检测
[root@apache ~]# netstat -antlupe | grep httpd
tcp6 0 0 :::8080 :::* LISTEN 0
78081 32315/httpd
#访问:
[root@apache ~]# curl 172.25.254.100:8080
172.25.254.100
2.默认发布目录
修改selinux ——开着的话会有所影响
grubby --update-kernel ALL --args selinux=0
reboot ——重启
getenforce
Disabled
#建立默认发布目录
[root@apache ~]# mkdir /web/html -p
#修改配置文件
[root@apache ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
125 DocumentRoot "/web/html" #指定默认发布目录位置
126 <Directory "/web/html">
127 Require all granted #对于目录访问进行授权
128 </Directory>
[root@apache ~]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@apache ~]# echo "/web/html's page" > /web/html/index.html
[root@apache ~]# curl 172.25.254.100:8080
/web/html's page
3.默认发布文件
#建立新的默认发布文件
[root@apache ~]# echo "/web/html/lee's page" > /web/html/lee.html
#当没有对配置进行修改时新默认发布文件不会被默认访问
[root@apache ~]# curl 172.25.254.100:8080
/web/html's page
[root@apache ~]# curl 172.25.254.100:8080/lee.html
/web/html/lee's page
#修改配置文件
[root@apache ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
172 <IfModule dir_module>
173 DirectoryIndex lee.html index.html
174 </IfModule>
#重启服务
[root@apache ~]# systemctl reload httpd
#测试:
[root@apache ~]# curl 172.25.254.100:8080
/web/html/lee's page
4.https
#安装mod_ssl
[root@apache ~]# dnf install mod_ssl -y
#建立证书和key文件目录
[root@apache ~]# mkdir /etc/httpd/certs
#制作证书
[root@apache ~]# openssl req \
-newkey rsa:2048 \
-nodes \
-sha256 \
-keyout /etc/httpd/certs/timinglee.org.key \
-x509 \
-days 365 \
-out /etc/httpd/certs/timinglee.org.crt
Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) []:Shannxi
Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]:XI'AN
Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]:timinglee
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:webserver
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:www.timinglee.org
Email Address []:timinglee@timinglee.org
#命令执行完成,证书出现
[root@apache ~]# ls /etc/httpd/certs/
timinglee.org.crt timinglee.org.key
#编辑主配置文件
[root@apache ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/ssl.conf
86 SSLCertificateFile /etc/httpd/certs/timinglee.org.crt
95 SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/httpd/certs/timinglee.org.key
#重启服务
root@apache ~]# systemctl reload httpd
[root@apache ~]# netstat -antlupe | grep httpd
tcp6 0 0 :::443 :::* LISTEN 0
85111 33518/httpd
tcp6 0 0 :::80 :::* LISTEN 0
80172 33518/httpd
#在浏览器中访问
https://服务器ip
5.apache的虚拟主机
修改selinux ——有所影响
grubby --update-kernel ALL --args selinux=1
reboot ——重启
getenforce
Enforcing
#为每个发布站点建立默认发布目录
[root@apache ~]# mkdir -p /var/www/virtual/timinglee.org/news
[root@apache ~]# mkdir -p /var/www/virtual/timinglee.org/bbs
#为每个站点建立默认发布文件
[root@apache ~]# echo new.timinglee.org > /var/www/virtual/timiniglee.org/news/index.html
[root@apache ~]# echo bbs.timinglee.org > /var/www/virtual/timiniglee.org/bbs/index.html
#修改配置文件
[root@apache ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/vhosts.conf
<VirtualHost _default_:80>
DocumentRoot /var/www/html
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName bbs.timinglee.org
DocumentRoot /var/www/virtual/timiniglee.org/bbs/
</VirtualHost>
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName news.timinglee.org
DocumentRoot /var/www/virtual/timiniglee.org/news/
</VirtualHost>
#刷新服务
[root@apache ~]# systemctl reload httpd
#测试:
1.在浏览器所在主机中手动编写本地解析文件
[root@apache ~]# vim /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
#加入虚拟主机解析域名
172.25.254.100 mariadb.timinglee.org www.timinglee.org news.timinglee.org
bbs.timinglee.org
2.测试效果
[root@apache ~]# curl www.timinglee.org
172.25.254.100
[root@apache ~]# curl bbs.timinglee.org
bbs.timinglee.org
[root@apache ~]# curl news.timinglee.org
new.timinglee.org