Rust实战：高效对接Postman API

发布于：2025-07-19 ⋅ 阅读:(13) ⋅ 点赞:(0)

Rust与Postman交互的实例

使用Rust与Postman交互的实例，涵盖HTTP请求、API测试及自动化场景。内容按功能分类，代码示例基于reqwest库（Rust的HTTP客户端），并标注关键配置。

基础GET请求

发送GET请求并打印响应

use reqwest;

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<(), reqwest::Error> {
    let response = reqwest::get("https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/1")
        .await?
        .text()
        .await?;
    println!("{}", response);
    Ok(())
}

带查询参数的GET

添加URL查询参数

let client = reqwest::Client::new();
let response = client.get("https://api.example.com/data")
    .query(&[("key", "value"), ("page", "1")])
    .send()
    .await?;

自定义请求头

设置User-Agent和Authorization

let response = client.get("https://api.example.com/protected")
    .header("User-Agent", "Rust-Postman-Example")
    .bearer_auth("your_token_here")
    .send()
    .await?;

POST JSON数据

发送JSON请求体

let data = serde_json::json!({"title": "foo", "body": "bar", "userId": 1});
let response = client.post("https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts")
    .json(&data)
    .send()
    .await?;

表单数据提交

发送application/x-www-form-urlencoded

let params = [("username", "foo"), ("password", "bar")];
let response = client.post("https://api.example.com/login")
    .form(¶ms)
    .send()
    .await?;

文件上传

通过多部分表单上传文件

let form = reqwest::multipart::Form::new()
    .file("file", "path/to/file.txt")?;
let response = client.post("https://api.example.com/upload")
    .multipart(form)
    .send()
    .await?;

处理响应JSON

解析JSON响应为结构体

#[derive(serde::Deserialize)]
struct Post {
    id: i32,
    title: String,
}

let post: Post = client.get("https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts/1")
    .send()
    .await?
    .json()
    .await?;
println!("Post title: {}", post.title);

错误处理

检查HTTP状态码

let response = client.get("https://api.example.com/endpoint").send().await?;
if response.status().is_success() {
    println!("Success!");
} else {
    println!("Failed: {}", response.status());
}

超时设置

配置请求超时时间

let client = reqwest::Client::builder()
    .timeout(std::time::Duration::from_secs(10))
    .build()?;

异步并发请求

使用futures并发多个请求

let requests = vec![
    client.get("https://api.example.com/data1"),
    client.get("https://api.example.com/data2"),
];
let responses = futures::future::join_all(requests).await;

代理配置

通过代理发送请求

let client = reqwest::Client::builder()
    .proxy(reqwest::Proxy::https("http://proxy.example.com:8080")?)
    .build()?;

Postman中的basic_auth

基础认证示例

Postman中的basic_auth方法用于设置HTTP基本认证，以下为30个实例：

用户名和密码均为字符串

basic_auth("admin", Some("admin123"))
basic_auth("user1", Some("password1"))
basic_auth("test", Some("test@123"))

空密码或可选密码

basic_auth("guest", None) // 无密码
basic_auth("api_user", Some("")) // 空密码
basic_auth("temp", Some(null)) // 密码为null

特殊字符密码

basic_auth("dev", Some("p@$$w0rd!"))
basic_auth("root", Some("#Secure*123"))
basic_auth("service", Some("汉字密码"))

模拟测试场景

basic_auth("mock_user", Some("mock_pass"))
basic_auth("load_test", Some("test_credential"))
basic_auth("staging", Some("env@staging"))

OAuth2集成

basic_auth("client_id", Some("client_secret"))
basic_auth("oauth2_user", Some("token_123"))
basic_auth("auth_server", Some("server_key"))

数据库连接

basic_auth("db_admin", Some("mysql_pass"))
basic_auth("mongo_user", Some("mongo@321"))
basic_auth("redis", Some("redis_password"))

云服务认证

basic_auth("aws_key", Some("aws_secret"))
basic_auth("azure_user", Some("azure_key"))
basic_auth("gcp_service", Some("gcp_password"))

第三方API

basic_auth("twitter_api", Some("api_secret"))
basic_auth("stripe", Some("stripe_key"))
basic_auth("paypal", Some("paypal_token"))

企业系统

basic_auth("erp_admin", Some("erp@2023"))
basic_auth("crm_user", Some("crm_password"))
basic_auth("hr_system", Some("hr_access"))

安全测试用例

basic_auth("xss_test", Some("<script>alert(1)</script>"))
basic_auth("sql_inject", Some("' OR '1'='1"))
basic_auth("jwt_user", Some("eyJhbGciOi..."))

注意事项

  • Some()用于包装密码参数，None表示无密码
  • 实际密码应避免使用示例中的简单字符串
  • 特殊字符密码需确保服务端兼容性
  • 生产环境建议使用环境变量存储敏感凭证

代码格式化规范

所有代码示例均使用Markdown代码块包裹，语言标识为javascript：

```javascript
// 示例代码

Postman中使用client.cookie_store(true)

在Postman中使用client.cookie_store(true)可以启用或管理Cookie存储功能。以下是20个实例，涵盖不同场景下的应用：

启用全局Cookie存储

pm.sendRequest({
    url: 'https://example.com/login',
    method: 'POST',
    header: {
        'Content-Type': 'application/json'
    },
    body: {
        mode: 'raw',
        raw: JSON.stringify({ username: 'user', password: 'pass' })
    }
}, function (err, res) {
    client.cookie_store(true); // 启用Cookie存储
    console.log(res.cookies);
});

登录后保存会话

client.cookie_store(true);
pm.sendRequest({
    url: 'https://api.example.com/session',
    method: 'POST'
}, function (err, res) {
    console.log('Session cookies:', res.cookies);
});

跨请求共享Cookie

client.cookie_store(true);
pm.sendRequest({
    url: 'https://example.com/auth',
    method: 'GET'
}, function (err, res) {
    pm.sendRequest({
        url: 'https://example.com/profile',
        method: 'GET'
    }, function (err, res) {
        console.log(res.json());
    });
});

禁用Cookie存储

client.cookie_store(false); // 显式禁用
pm.sendRequest({
    url: 'https://example.com/no-cookies',
    method: 'GET'
}, function (err, res) {
    console.log(res.headers);
});

检查当前Cookie状态

const isEnabled = client.cookie_store(); // 返回布尔值
console.log(`Cookie storage is ${isEnabled ? 'enabled' : 'disabled'}`);

动态切换Cookie存储

client.cookie_store(true);
pm.sendRequest({ url: 'https://example.com/step1', method: 'GET' }, () => {
    client.cookie_store(false);
    pm.sendRequest({ url: 'https://example.com/step2', method: 'GET' }, () => {
        console.log('Completed with mixed cookie settings');
    });
});

清除特定域名的Cookie

client.cookie_store(true);
pm.sendRequest({
    url: 'https://example.com/clear-cookies',
    method: 'POST',
    body: { mode: 'raw', raw: JSON.stringify({ action: 'clear' }) }
}, function (err, res) {
    client.cookie_store.clear('example.com'); // 清除指定域名
});

导出当前Cookie

client.cookie_store(true);
const allCookies = client.cookie_store.all();
console.log('All stored cookies:', allCookies);

条件性Cookie存储

const shouldStoreCookies = pm.variables.get('store_cookies') === 'true';
client.cookie_store(shouldStoreCookies);
pm.sendRequest({ url: 'https://example.com', method: 'GET' });

测试环境配置

client.cookie_store(true);
pm.environment.set('cookie_enabled', 'true');
pm.sendRequest({
    url: pm.environment.get('api_url') + '/test',
    method: 'GET'
});

忽略SSL证书的Cookie存储

client.cookie_store(true);
pm.sendRequest({
    url: 'https://insecure.example.com',
    method: 'GET',
    rejectUnauthorized: false // 忽略SSL错误
}, function (err, res) {
    console.log(res.cookies);
});

定时清除Cookie

client.cookie_store(true);
setTimeout(() => {
    client.cookie_store.clearAll();
    console.log('Cookies cleared after 5 seconds');
}, 5000);

文件下载时保留Cookie

client.cookie_store(true);
pm.sendRequest({
    url: 'https://example.com/download',
    method: 'GET',
    encoding: 'binary'
}, function (err, res) {
    console.log('Download completed with cookies:', res.cookies);
});

多步骤认证流程

client.cookie_store(true);
// 步骤1：获取token
pm.sendRequest({ url: 'https://example.com/token', method: 'GET' }, () => {
    // 步骤2：使用token认证
    pm.sendRequest({ url: 'https://example.com/secure', method: 'GET' });
});

禁用重定向时的Cookie

client.cookie_store(true);
pm.sendRequest({
    url: 'https://example.com/redirect',
    method: 'GET',
    followRedirects: false
}, function (err, res) {
    console.log('Stopped redirect, cookies:', res.cookies);
});

自定义Cookie头

client.cookie_store(true);
pm.sendRequest({
    url: 'https://example.com',
    method: 'GET',
    headers: { 'Custom-Header': 'value' }
}, function (err, res) {
    console.log('Response with custom header:', res.json());
});

性能测试中的Cookie处理

client.cookie_store(true);
for (let i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
    pm.sendRequest({ url: 'https://example.com/load-test', method: 'GET' });
}

检查Cookie过期时间

client.cookie_store(true);
pm.sendRequest({ url: 'https://example.com', method: 'GET' }, function (err, res) {
    const cookies = res.cookies;
    cookies.forEach(cookie => {
        console.log(`${cookie.name} expires at ${cookie.expires}`);
    });
});

模拟浏览器行为

client.cookie_store(true);
pm.sendRequest({
    url: 'https://example.com',
    method: 'GET',
    headers: {
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0'
    }
});

错误处理示例

client.cookie_store(true);
pm.sendRequest({ url: 'https://invalid-url', method: 'GET' }, function (err) {
    if (err) {
        console.error('Request failed:', err.message);
        client.cookie_store(false); // 出错时禁用
    }
});

这些示例涵盖了从基础到高级的多种场景，可根据实际需求调整参数和逻辑。注意某些功能可能需要Postman的特定版本或插件支持。

基于Postman重定向

以下是基于Postman中.redirect(Policy::limited(5))的实例，涵盖不同场景下的重定向策略使用：

重定向到同一域名下的不同路径

pm.sendRequest({
    url: "https://example.com/login",
    method: "GET",
    redirect: {
        follow: true,
        max: 5
    }
}, (err, res) => {});

重定向到HTTPS协议

pm.sendRequest({
    url: "http://example.com",
    method: "GET",
    redirect: {
        follow: true,
        max: 5
    }
}, (err, res) => {});

重定向到不同子域名

pm.sendRequest({
    url: "https://old.example.com",
    method: "GET",
    redirect: {
        follow: true,
        max: 5
    }
}, (err, res) => {});

重定向到API版本更新

pm.sendRequest({
    url: "https://api.example.com/v1",
    method: "GET",
    redirect: {
        follow: true,
        max: 5
    }
}, (err, res) => {});

重定向到CDN资源

pm.sendRequest({
    url: "https://example.com/assets/image.jpg",
    method: "GET",
    redirect: {
        follow: true,
        max: 5
    }
}, (err, res) => {});

重定向到负载均衡节点

pm.sendRequest({
    url: "https://example.com",
    method: "GET",
    redirect: {
        follow: true,
        max: 5
    }
}, (err, res) => {});

重定向到维护页面

pm.sendRequest({
    url: "https://example.com/service",
    method: "GET",
    redirect: {
        follow: true,
        max: 5
    }
}, (err, res) => {});

重定向到地理定位页面

pm.sendRequest({
    url: "https://example.com",
    method: "GET",
    redirect: {
        follow: true,
        max: 5
    }
}, (err, res) => {});

重定向到认证服务

pm.sendRequest({
    url: "https://example.com/secure",
    method: "GET",
    redirect: {
        follow: true,
        max: 5
    }
}, (err, res) => {});

重定向到多语言页面

pm.sendRequest({
    url: "https://example.com",
    method: "GET",
    redirect: {
        follow: true,
        max: 5
    }
}, (err, res) => {});

重定向到短链接

pm.sendRequest({
    url: "https://short.example.com/abc123",
    method: "GET",
    redirect: {
        follow: true,
        max: 5
    }
}, (err, res) => {});

重定向到移动设备优化页面

pm.sendRequest({
    url: "https://example.com",
    method: "GET",
    redirect: {
        follow: true,
        max: 5
    }
}, (err, res) => {});

重定向到缓存资源

pm.sendRequest({
    url: "https://example.com/static/js/main.js",
    method: "GET",
    redirect: {
        follow: true,
        max: 5
    }
}, (err, res) => {});

重定向到第三方服务

pm.sendRequest({
    url: "https://example.com/payment",
    method: "GET",
    redirect: {
        follow: true,
        max: 5
    }
}, (err, res) => {});

重定向到错误页面

pm.sendRequest({
    url: "https://example.com/404",
    method: "GET",
    redirect: {
        follow: true,
        max: 5
    }
}, (err, res) => {});

重定向到内容分发网络

pm.sendRequest({
    url: "https://example.com/video.mp4",
    method: "GET",
    redirect: {
        follow: true,
        max: 5
    }
}, (err, res) => {});

重定向到A/B测试页面

pm.sendRequest({
    url: "https://example.com/landing",
    method: "GET",
    redirect: {
        follow: true,
        max: 5
    }
}, (err, res) => {});

重定向到API网关

pm.sendRequest({
    url: "https://api.example.com",
    method: "GET",
    redirect: {
        follow: true,
        max: 5
    }
}, (err, res) => {});

重定向到镜像站点

pm.sendRequest({
    url: "https://example.com",
    method: "GET",
    redirect: {
        follow: true,
        max: 5
    }
}, (err, res) => {});

重定向到临时维护页面

pm.sendRequest({
    url: "https://example.com",
    method: "GET",
    redirect: {
        follow: true,
        max: 5
    }
}, (err, res) => {});

这些示例展示了不同场景下如何使用Postman的.redirect(Policy::limited(5))功能处理重定向请求，限制重定向次数为5次。

使用Postman启用gzip压缩的实例

以下是在Postman中使用.gzip(true)启用gzip压缩的20个实例，覆盖了不同类型的API请求场景。

基本的GET请求
pm.sendRequest({
    url: 'https://api.example.com/data',
    method: 'GET',
    headers: {
        'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip'
    },
    body: {
        mode: 'raw',
        options: {
            gzip: true
        }
    }
});

带查询参数的GET请求
pm.sendRequest({
    url: 'https://api.example.com/data?param1=value1¶m2=value2',
    method: 'GET',
    headers: {
        'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip'
    },
    body: {
        mode: 'raw',
        options: {
            gzip: true
        }
    }
});

POST请求带JSON数据
pm.sendRequest({
    url: 'https://api.example.com/data',
    method: 'POST',
    headers: {
        'Content-Type': 'application/json',
        'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip'
    },
    body: {
        mode: 'raw',
        raw: JSON.stringify({ key: 'value' }),
        options: {
            gzip: true
        }
    }
});

POST请求带表单数据
pm.sendRequest({
    url: 'https://api.example.com/form',
    method: 'POST',
    headers: {
        'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
        'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip'
    },
    body: {
        mode: 'urlencoded',
        urlencoded: [
            { key: 'name', value: 'John' },
            { key: 'age', value: '30' }
        ],
        options: {
            gzip: true
        }
    }
});

PUT请求更新资源
pm.sendRequest({
    url: 'https://api.example.com/data/1',
    method: 'PUT',
    headers: {
        'Content-Type': 'application/json',
        'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip'
    },
    body: {
        mode: 'raw',
        raw: JSON.stringify({ key: 'updatedValue' }),
        options: {
            gzip: true
        }
    }
});

DELETE请求
pm.sendRequest({
    url: 'https://api.example.com/data/1',
    method: 'DELETE',
    headers: {
        'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip'
    },
    body: {
        mode: 'raw',
        options: {
            gzip: true
        }
    }
});

带认证头的GET请求
pm.sendRequest({
    url: 'https://api.example.com/protected',
    method: 'GET',
    headers: {
        'Authorization': 'Bearer token123',
        'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip'
    },
    body: {
        mode: 'raw',
        options: {
            gzip: true
        }
    }
});

带自定义头的POST请求
pm.sendRequest({
    url: 'https://api.example.com/custom',
    method: 'POST',
    headers: {
        'X-Custom-Header': 'value',
        'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip'
    },
    body: {
        mode: 'raw',
        raw: JSON.stringify({ data: 'value' }),
        options: {
            gzip: true
        }
    }
});

带分页的GET请求
pm.sendRequest({
    url: 'https://api.example.com/data?page=1&limit=10',
    method: 'GET',
    headers: {
        'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip'
    },
    body: {
        mode: 'raw',
        options: {
            gzip: true
        }
    }
});

带过滤条件的GET请求
pm.sendRequest({
    url: 'https://api.example.com/data?status=active',
    method: 'GET',
    headers: {
        'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip'
    },
    body: {
        mode: 'raw',
        options: {
            gzip: true
        }
    }
});

上传文件的POST请求
pm.sendRequest({
    url: 'https://api.example.com/upload',
    method: 'POST',
    headers: {
        'Content-Type': 'multipart/form-data',
        'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip'
    },
    body: {
        mode: 'formdata',
        formdata: [
            { key: 'file', type: 'file', src: '/path/to/file.txt' }
        ],
        options: {
            gzip: true
        }
    }
});

带时间戳的GET请求
pm.sendRequest({
    url: 'https://api.example.com/data?timestamp=' + new Date().getTime(),
    method: 'GET',
    headers: {
        'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip'
    },
    body: {
        mode: 'raw',
        options: {
            gzip: true
        }
    }
});

带Cookies的GET请求
pm.sendRequest({
    url: 'https://api.example.com/session',
    method: 'GET',
    headers: {
        'Cookie': 'sessionId=abc123',
        'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip'
    },
    body: {
        mode: 'raw',
        options: {
            gzip: true
        }
    }
});

带User-Agent的GET请求
pm.sendRequest({
    url: 'https://api.example.com/data',
    method: 'GET',
    headers: {
        'User-Agent': 'PostmanRuntime/7.28.4',
        'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip'
    },
    body: {
        mode: 'raw',
        options: {
            gzip: true
        }
    }
});

带XML数据的POST请求
pm.sendRequest({
    url: 'https://api.example.com/xml',
    method: 'POST',
    headers: {
        'Content-Type': 'application/xml',
        'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip'
    },
    body: {
        mode: 'raw',
        raw: '<root><key>value</key></root>',
        options: {
            gzip: true
        }
    }
});

带GraphQL查询的POST请求
pm.sendRequest({
    url: 'https://api.example.com/graphql',
    method: 'POST',
    headers: {
        'Content-Type': 'application/json',
        'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip'
    },
    body: {
        mode: 'raw',
        raw: JSON.stringify({ query: '{ user { name } }' }),
        options: {
            gzip: true
        }
    }
});

带OAuth2认证的GET请求
pm.sendRequest({
    url: 'https://api.example.com/secure',
    method: 'GET',
    headers: {
        'Authorization': 'Bearer oauth2_token',
        'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip'
    },
    body: {
        mode: 'raw',
        options: {
            gzip: true
        }
    }
});

带多个头部的POST请求
pm.sendRequest({
    url: 'https://api.example.com/multi',
    method: 'POST',
    headers: {
        'Content-Type': 'application/json',
        'X-Request-ID': '12345',
        'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip'
    },
    body: {
        mode: 'raw',
        raw: JSON.stringify({ data: 'value' }),
        options: {
            gzip: true
        }
    }
});

带二进制数据的POST请求
pm.sendRequest({
    url: 'https://api.example.com/binary',
    method: 'POST',
    headers: {
        'Content-Type': 'application/octet-stream',
        'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip'
    },
    body: {
        mode: 'raw',
        raw: 'binary_data_here',
        options: {
            gzip: true
        }
    }
});

带条件头的GET请求
pm.sendRequest({
    url: 'https://api.example.com/conditional',
    method: 'GET',
    headers: {
        'If-None-Match': 'etag_value',
        'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip'
    },
    body: {
        mode: 'raw',
        options: {
            gzip: true
        }
    }
});

这些实例涵盖了多种常见的API请求场景，展示了如何在Postman中使用.gzip(true)来启用gzip压缩。每个实例都包含了必要的头部和请求体配置，确保请求能够正确发送并

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