在高版本的Android上，应用间发送广播需要特别注意权限和导出设置。以下是完整的发送和接收广播的代码示例：
1. 发送广播的应用
AndroidManifest.xml 配置
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.example.sender">
<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name">
<!-- 发送广播的Activity -->
<activity
android:name=".MainActivity"
android:exported="true">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
</application>
</manifest>
MainActivity.java
package com.example.sender;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.Toast;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private static final String CUSTOM_ACTION = "com.example.CUSTOM_BROADCAST";
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
Button sendButton = findViewById(R.id.send_button);
sendButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
sendCustomBroadcast();
}
});
}
private void sendCustomBroadcast() {
Intent intent = new Intent(CUSTOM_ACTION);
// 添加接收应用的包名，提高安全性（必要，注意是接收应用的包名，不是发送应用的包名）
intent.setPackage("com.example.receiver");
// 传递数据
intent.putExtra("message", "Hello from sender app!");
intent.putExtra("timestamp", System.currentTimeMillis());
try {
// 发送广播
sendBroadcast(intent);
Toast.makeText(this, "Broadcast sent successfully", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} catch (Exception e) {
Toast.makeText(this, "Failed to send broadcast: " + e.getMessage(),
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
}
2. 接收广播的应用
AndroidManifest.xml 配置
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.example.receiver">
<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name">
<!-- 接收广播的Activity -->
<activity
android:name=".MainActivity"
android:exported="true">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<!-- 注册BroadcastReceiver exported必须设置为 true -->
<receiver
android:name=".CustomBroadcastReceiver"
android:exported="true"
android:enabled="true">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="com.example.CUSTOM_BROADCAST" />
</intent-filter>
</receiver>
</application>
</manifest>
CustomBroadcastReceiver.java
package com.example.receiver;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.util.Log;
import android.widget.Toast;
public class CustomBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
private static final String TAG = "CustomBroadcastReceiver";
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
if (intent != null && "com.example.CUSTOM_BROADCAST".equals(intent.getAction())) {
// 获取传递的数据
String message = intent.getStringExtra("message");
long timestamp = intent.getLongExtra("timestamp", 0);
Log.d(TAG, "Received broadcast: " + message + ", timestamp: " + timestamp);
// 显示通知或Toast
Toast.makeText(context, "Received: " + message, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
// 可以启动Activity或Service来处理数据
Intent activityIntent = new Intent(context, MainActivity.class);
activityIntent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
activityIntent.putExtra("received_message", message);
context.startActivity(activityIntent);
}
}
}
MainActivity.java (接收应用的主Activity)
package com.example.receiver;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.widget.TextView;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private TextView messageTextView;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
messageTextView = findViewById(R.id.message_text);
// 检查是否有从广播传递过来的消息
String receivedMessage = getIntent().getStringExtra("received_message");
if (receivedMessage != null) {
messageTextView.setText("Received message: " + receivedMessage);
}
}
}
3. 布局文件
发送应用的 activity_main.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:padding="16dp">
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Sender App"
android:textSize="24sp"
android:layout_marginBottom="32dp" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/send_button"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Send Broadcast" />
</LinearLayout>
接收应用的 activity_main.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:padding="16dp">
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Receiver App"
android:textSize="24sp"
android:layout_marginBottom="32dp" />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/message_text"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Waiting for broadcast..."
android:textSize="16sp" />
</LinearLayout>
4. 安全注意事项
使用权限保护（可选）
如果需要更高级别的安全保护，可以添加自定义权限：
在接收应用的 AndroidManifest.xml 中添加：
<permission
android:name="com.example.receiver.CUSTOM_PERMISSION"
android:protectionLevel="signature" />
<uses-permission android:name="com.example.receiver.CUSTOM_PERMISSION" />
在发送应用中：
<uses-permission android:name="com.example.receiver.CUSTOM_PERMISSION" />
在发送广播时：
intent.putExtra("message", "Hello from sender app!");
sendBroadcast(intent, "com.example.receiver.CUSTOM_PERMISSION");
关键要点：
- 导出：接收广播的组件必须设置
android:exported="true" - 安全性：使用特定的包名和自定义Action来避免广播被其他应用拦截
- 权限：根据需要添加适当的权限声明
- Intent Filter：确保发送和接收的Action字符串完全匹配
这样配置后，两个应用就可以在Android高版本上正常发送和接收广播了。