Linux epoll 实现详解 (fs/eventpoll.c)

核心数据结构分析

1. struct eventpoll (epoll 实例核心结构)

c

struct eventpoll {
    struct mutex mtx;           // 保护 epoll 结构的互斥锁
    wait_queue_head_t wq;       // epoll_wait() 使用的等待队列
    wait_queue_head_t poll_wait; // 文件 poll() 使用的等待队列
    struct list_head rdllist;    // 就绪事件链表 (核心数据结构)
    struct rb_root_cached rbr;  // 红黑树根节点 (管理所有监控的fd)
    struct epitem *ovflist;     // 单链表 (事件传输期间临时存放就绪事件)
    struct wakeup_source *ws;   // 电源管理唤醒源
    struct user_struct *user;   // 所属用户
    struct file *file;          // 关联的文件结构
    // ... 其他字段
};

2. struct epitem (被监控的文件描述符)

c

struct epitem {
    struct rb_node rbn;         // 红黑树节点
    struct list_head rdllink;   // 就绪链表节点
    struct epoll_filefd ffd;    // 文件描述符和文件指针 {file*, fd}
    int nwait;                  // 等待队列数量
    struct list_head pwqlist;   // poll 等待队列链表
    struct eventpoll *ep;       // 所属的 eventpoll
    struct epoll_event event;   // 用户设置的事件
    // ... 其他字段
};

3. struct eppoll_entry (等待队列包装)

c

struct eppoll_entry {
    struct list_head llink;     // 链表节点
    struct epitem *base;        // 关联的 epitem
    wait_queue_entry_t wait;    // 等待队列项 (核心)
    wait_queue_head_t *whead;   // 目标等待队列头
};

核心机制详解

1. 事件注册 (epoll_ctl)

c

SYSCALL_DEFINE4(epoll_ctl, ...)
  └─ ep_insert() // 核心插入逻辑
      ├─ 初始化 epitem
      ├─ 初始化 poll_table (ep_ptable_queue_proc)
      ├─ 调用文件的 poll 方法
      ├─ 将 epitem 加入红黑树
      └─ 若文件已就绪，加入就绪列表

2. 事件等待 (epoll_wait)

c

SYSCALL_DEFINE4(epoll_wait, ...)
  └─ do_epoll_wait()
      └─ ep_poll()
          ├─ 检查就绪列表 (rdllist)
          ├─ 无事件时阻塞等待
          └─ 有事件时调用 ep_send_events()

3. 事件回调机制

c

// 关键回调函数
static int ep_poll_callback(wait_queue_entry_t *wait, ...)
  ├─ 检查事件是否匹配
  ├─ 若正在传输事件 (ovflist)，加入临时链表
  ├─ 否则加入就绪链表 (rdllist)
  └─ 唤醒等待进程

4. 事件传输机制

c

static int ep_send_events(...)
  └─ ep_scan_ready_list(ep_send_events_proc)
      ├─ 锁定状态下转移就绪列表
      ├─ 处理事件 (无锁状态)
      ├─ 检查水平触发(LT)模式
      └─ 合并新产生的事件

关键技术亮点

1. 高效数据结构

• 红黑树：管理所有监控的文件描述符 (O(log n) 操作)

• 就绪链表：双链表维护已就绪事件 (O(1) 访问)

• ovflist单链表：解决事件传输期间的新事件问题

2. 回调驱动机制

• 通过 eppoll_entry 注册回调到文件等待队列

• 事件发生时直接加入就绪链表，避免全量扫描

3. 水平触发(LT)与边缘触发(ET)

c

// ep_send_events_proc 中的处理逻辑
if (!(epi->event.events & EPOLLET)) { // LT 模式
    list_add_tail(&epi->rdllink, &ep->rdllist); // 重新加入就绪列表
}

4. 就绪列表扫描优化

c

static __poll_t ep_scan_ready_list(...)
{
    // 1. 锁定状态下转移就绪列表到临时列表
    // 2. 解锁状态下处理临时列表
    // 3. 处理期间新事件通过 ovflist 收集
    // 4. 完成后合并 ovflist 和剩余事件
}

性能优化措施

1. 避免数据拷贝

• 内核到用户空间直接传递就绪事件

• 使用共享内存减少拷贝 (io_uring 更进一步)

2. 减少系统调用

• 单次 epoll_wait 返回多个事件

• 就绪事件 O(1) 获取

3. 多路复用优化

c

#ifdef CONFIG_NET_RX_BUSY_POLL
static void ep_busy_loop(struct eventpoll *ep, int nonblock)
{
    // 在特定场景下使用忙等优化
}
#endif

关键函数说明

总结

Linux epoll 实现通过以下设计实现高性能：

1. 红黑树高效管理海量文件描述符

2. 就绪链表实现O(1)事件获取

3. 回调机制避免无效轮询

4. 双阶段处理(就绪列表扫描)减少锁竞争

5. 水平/边缘触发模式灵活适配不同场景

这些设计使epoll在管理大量并发连接时，性能远超select/poll，成为高性能网络服务的核心基础设施。

/*
 *  fs/eventpoll.c (Efficient event retrieval implementation)
 *  Copyright (C) 2001,...,2009	 Davide Libenzi
 *
 *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 *  (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *  Davide Libenzi <davidel@xmailserver.org>
 *
 */

#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/sched/signal.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/file.h>
#include <linux/signal.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/poll.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/list.h>
#include <linux/hash.h>
#include <linux/spinlock.h>
#include <linux/syscalls.h>
#include <linux/rbtree.h>
#include <linux/wait.h>
#include <linux/eventpoll.h>
#include <linux/mount.h>
#include <linux/bitops.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <linux/anon_inodes.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <asm/mman.h>
#include <linux/atomic.h>
#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
#include <linux/seq_file.h>
#include <linux/compat.h>
#include <linux/rculist.h>
#include <net/busy_poll.h>

/*
 * LOCKING:
 * There are three level of locking required by epoll :
 *
 * 1) epmutex (mutex)
 * 2) ep->mtx (mutex)
 * 3) ep->wq.lock (spinlock)
 *
 * The acquire order is the one listed above, from 1 to 3.
 * We need a spinlock (ep->wq.lock) because we manipulate objects
 * from inside the poll callback, that might be triggered from
 * a wake_up() that in turn might be called from IRQ context.
 * So we can't sleep inside the poll callback and hence we need
 * a spinlock. During the event transfer loop (from kernel to
 * user space) we could end up sleeping due a copy_to_user(), so
 * we need a lock that will allow us to sleep. This lock is a
 * mutex (ep->mtx). It is acquired during the event transfer loop,
 * during epoll_ctl(EPOLL_CTL_DEL) and during eventpoll_release_file().
 * Then we also need a global mutex to serialize eventpoll_release_file()
 * and ep_free().
 * This mutex is acquired by ep_free() during the epoll file
 * cleanup path and it is also acquired by eventpoll_release_file()
 * if a file has been pushed inside an epoll set and it is then
 * close()d without a previous call to epoll_ctl(EPOLL_CTL_DEL).
 * It is also acquired when inserting an epoll fd onto another epoll
 * fd. We do this so that we walk the epoll tree and ensure that this
 * insertion does not create a cycle of epoll file descriptors, which
 * could lead to deadlock. We need a global mutex to prevent two
 * simultaneous inserts (A into B and B into A) from racing and
 * constructing a cycle without either insert observing that it is
 * going to.
 * It is necessary to acquire multiple "ep->mtx"es at once in the
 * case when one epoll fd is added to another. In this case, we
 * always acquire the locks in the order of nesting (i.e. after
 * epoll_ctl(e1, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, e2), e1->mtx will always be acquired
 * before e2->mtx). Since we disallow cycles of epoll file
 * descriptors, this ensures that the mutexes are well-ordered. In
 * order to communicate this nesting to lockdep, when walking a tree
 * of epoll file descriptors, we use the current recursion depth as
 * the lockdep subkey.
 * It is possible to drop the "ep->mtx" and to use the global
 * mutex "epmutex" (together with "ep->wq.lock") to have it working,
 * but having "ep->mtx" will make the interface more scalable.
 * Events that require holding "epmutex" are very rare, while for
 * normal operations the epoll private "ep->mtx" will guarantee
 * a better scalability.
 */

/* Epoll private bits inside the event mask */
#define EP_PRIVATE_BITS (EPOLLWAKEUP | EPOLLONESHOT | EPOLLET | EPOLLEXCLUSIVE)

#define EPOLLINOUT_BITS (EPOLLIN | EPOLLOUT)

#define EPOLLEXCLUSIVE_OK_BITS (EPOLLINOUT_BITS | EPOLLERR | EPOLLHUP | \
				EPOLLWAKEUP | EPOLLET | EPOLLEXCLUSIVE)

/* Maximum number of nesting allowed inside epoll sets */
#define EP_MAX_NESTS 4

#define EP_MAX_EVENTS (INT_MAX / sizeof(struct epoll_event))

#define EP_UNACTIVE_PTR ((void *) -1L)

#define EP_ITEM_COST (sizeof(struct epitem) + sizeof(struct eppoll_entry))

struct epoll_filefd {
	struct file *file;
	int fd;
} __packed;

/*
 * Structure used to track possible nested calls, for too deep recursions
 * and loop cycles.
 */
struct nested_call_node {
	struct list_head llink;
	void *cookie;
	void *ctx;
};

/*
 * This structure is used as collector for nested calls, to check for
 * maximum recursion dept and loop cycles.
 */
struct nested_calls {
	struct list_head tasks_call_list;
	spinlock_t lock;
};

/*
 * Each file descriptor added to the eventpoll interface will
 * have an entry of this type linked to the "rbr" RB tree.
 * Avoid increasing the size of this struct, there can be many thousands
 * of these on a server and we do not want this to take another cache line.
 */
struct epitem {
	union {
		/* RB tree node links this structure to the eventpoll RB tree */
		struct rb_node rbn;
		/* Used to free the struct epitem */
		struct rcu_head rcu;
	};

	/* List header used to link this structure to the eventpoll ready list */
	struct list_head rdllink;

	/*
	 * Works together "struct eventpoll"->ovflist in keeping the
	 * single linked chain of items.
	 */
	struct epitem *next;

	/* The file descriptor information this item refers to */
	struct epoll_filefd ffd;

	/* Number of active wait queue attached to poll operations */
	int nwait;

	/* List containing poll wait queues */
	struct list_head pwqlist;

	/* The "container" of this item */
	struct eventpoll *ep;

	/* List header used to link this item to the "struct file" items list */
	struct list_head fllink;

	/* wakeup_source used when EPOLLWAKEUP is set */
	struct wakeup_source __rcu *ws;

	/* The structure that describe the interested events and the source fd */
	struct epoll_event event;
};

/*
 * This structure is stored inside the "private_data" member of the file
 * structure and represents the main data structure for the eventpoll
 * interface.
 *
 * Access to it is protected by the lock inside wq.
 */
struct eventpoll {
	/*
	 * This mutex is used to ensure that files are not removed
	 * while epoll is using them. This is held during the event
	 * collection loop, the file cleanup path, the epoll file exit
	 * code and the ctl operations.
	 */
	struct mutex mtx;

	/* Wait queue used by sys_epoll_wait() */
	wait_queue_head_t wq;

	/* Wait queue used by file->poll() */
	wait_queue_head_t poll_wait;

	/* List of ready file descriptors */
	struct list_head rdllist;

	/* RB tree root used to store monitored fd structs */
	struct rb_root_cached rbr;

	/*
	 * This is a single linked list that chains all the "struct epitem" that
	 * happened while transferring ready events to userspace w/out
	 * holding ->wq.lock.
	 */
	struct epitem *ovflist;

	/* wakeup_source used when ep_scan_ready_list is running */
	struct wakeup_source *ws;

	/* The user that created the eventpoll descriptor */
	struct user_struct *user;

	struct file *file;

	/* used to optimize loop detection check */
	int visited;
	struct list_head visited_list_link;

#ifdef CONFIG_NET_RX_BUSY_POLL
	/* used to track busy poll napi_id */
	unsigned int napi_id;
#endif
};

/* Wait structure used by the poll hooks */
struct eppoll_entry {
	/* List header used to link this structure to the "struct epitem" */
	struct list_head llink;

	/* The "base" pointer is set to the container "struct epitem" */
	struct epitem *base;

	/*
	 * Wait queue item that will be linked to the target file wait
	 * queue head.
	 */
	wait_queue_entry_t wait;

	/* The wait queue head that linked the "wait" wait queue item */
	wait_queue_head_t *whead;
};

/* Wrapper struct used by poll queueing */
struct ep_pqueue {
	poll_table pt;
	struct epitem *epi;
};

/* Used by the ep_send_events() function as callback private data */
struct ep_send_events_data {
	int maxevents;
	struct epoll_event __user *events;
	int res;
};

/*
 * Configuration options available inside /proc/sys/fs/epoll/
 */
/* Maximum number of epoll watched descriptors, per user */
static long max_user_watches __read_mostly;

/*
 * This mutex is used to serialize ep_free() and eventpoll_release_file().
 */
static DEFINE_MUTEX(epmutex);

/* Used to check for epoll file descriptor inclusion loops */
static struct nested_calls poll_loop_ncalls;

/* Slab cache used to allocate "struct epitem" */
static struct kmem_cache *epi_cache __read_mostly;

/* Slab cache used to allocate "struct eppoll_entry" */
static struct kmem_cache *pwq_cache __read_mostly;

/* Visited nodes during ep_loop_check(), so we can unset them when we finish */
static LIST_HEAD(visited_list);

/*
 * List of files with newly added links, where we may need to limit the number
 * of emanating paths. Protected by the epmutex.
 */
static LIST_HEAD(tfile_check_list);

#ifdef CONFIG_SYSCTL

#include <linux/sysctl.h>

static long zero;
static long long_max = LONG_MAX;

struct ctl_table epoll_table[] = {
	{
		.procname	= "max_user_watches",
		.data		= &max_user_watches,
		.maxlen		= sizeof(max_user_watches),
		.mode		= 0644,
		.proc_handler	= proc_doulongvec_minmax,
		.extra1		= &zero,
		.extra2		= &long_max,
	},
	{ }
};
#endif /* CONFIG_SYSCTL */

static const struct file_operations eventpoll_fops;

static inline int is_file_epoll(struct file *f)
{
	return f->f_op == &eventpoll_fops;
}

/* Setup the structure that is used as key for the RB tree */
static inline void ep_set_ffd(struct epoll_filefd *ffd,
			      struct file *file, int fd)
{
	ffd->file = file;
	ffd->fd = fd;
}

/* Compare RB tree keys */
static inline int ep_cmp_ffd(struct epoll_filefd *p1,
			     struct epoll_filefd *p2)
{
	return (p1->file > p2->file ? +1:
	        (p1->file < p2->file ? -1 : p1->fd - p2->fd));
}

/* Tells us if the item is currently linked */
static inline int ep_is_linked(struct epitem *epi)
{
	return !list_empty(&epi->rdllink);
}

static inline struct eppoll_entry *ep_pwq_from_wait(wait_queue_entry_t *p)
{
	return container_of(p, struct eppoll_entry, wait);
}

/* Get the "struct epitem" from a wait queue pointer */
static inline struct epitem *ep_item_from_wait(wait_queue_entry_t *p)
{
	return container_of(p, struct eppoll_entry, wait)->base;
}

/* Get the "struct epitem" from an epoll queue wrapper */
static inline struct epitem *ep_item_from_epqueue(poll_table *p)
{
	return container_of(p, struct ep_pqueue, pt)->epi;
}

/* Tells if the epoll_ctl(2) operation needs an event copy from userspace */
static inline int ep_op_has_event(int op)
{
	return op != EPOLL_CTL_DEL;
}

/* Initialize the poll safe wake up structure */
static void ep_nested_calls_init(struct nested_calls *ncalls)
{
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ncalls->tasks_call_list);
	spin_lock_init(&ncalls->lock);
}

/**
 * ep_events_available - Checks if ready events might be available.
 *
 * @ep: Pointer to the eventpoll context.
 *
 * Returns: Returns a value different than zero if ready events are available,
 *          or zero otherwise.
 */
static inline int ep_events_available(struct eventpoll *ep)
{
	return !list_empty(&ep->rdllist) || ep->ovflist != EP_UNACTIVE_PTR;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_NET_RX_BUSY_POLL
static bool ep_busy_loop_end(void *p, unsigned long start_time)
{
	struct eventpoll *ep = p;

	return ep_events_available(ep) || busy_loop_timeout(start_time);
}

/*
 * Busy poll if globally on and supporting sockets found && no events,
 * busy loop will return if need_resched or ep_events_available.
 *
 * we must do our busy polling with irqs enabled
 */
static void ep_busy_loop(struct eventpoll *ep, int nonblock)
{
	unsigned int napi_id = READ_ONCE(ep->napi_id);

	if ((napi_id >= MIN_NAPI_ID) && net_busy_loop_on())
		napi_busy_loop(napi_id, nonblock ? NULL : ep_busy_loop_end, ep);
}

static inline void ep_reset_busy_poll_napi_id(struct eventpoll *ep)
{
	if (ep->napi_id)
		ep->napi_id = 0;
}

/*
 * Set epoll busy poll NAPI ID from sk.
 */
static inline void ep_set_busy_poll_napi_id(struct epitem *epi)
{
	struct eventpoll *ep;
	unsigned int napi_id;
	struct socket *sock;
	struct sock *sk;
	int err;

	if (!net_busy_loop_on())
		return;

	sock = sock_from_file(epi->ffd.file, &err);
	if (!sock)
		return;

	sk = sock->sk;
	if (!sk)
		return;

	napi_id = READ_ONCE(sk->sk_napi_id);
	ep = epi->ep;

	/* Non-NAPI IDs can be rejected
	 *	or
	 * Nothing to do if we already have this ID
	 */
	if (napi_id < MIN_NAPI_ID || napi_id == ep->napi_id)
		return;

	/* record NAPI ID for use in next busy poll */
	ep->napi_id = napi_id;
}

#else

static inline void ep_busy_loop(struct eventpoll *ep, int nonblock)
{
}

static inline void ep_reset_busy_poll_napi_id(struct eventpoll *ep)
{
}

static inline void ep_set_busy_poll_napi_id(struct epitem *epi)
{
}

#endif /* CONFIG_NET_RX_BUSY_POLL */

/**
 * ep_call_nested - Perform a bound (possibly) nested call, by checking
 *                  that the recursion limit is not exceeded, and that
 *                  the same nested call (by the meaning of same cookie) is
 *                  no re-entered.
 *
 * @ncalls: Pointer to the nested_calls structure to be used for this call.
 * @max_nests: Maximum number of allowed nesting calls.
 * @nproc: Nested call core function pointer.
 * @priv: Opaque data to be passed to the @nproc callback.
 * @cookie: Cookie to be used to identify this nested call.
 * @ctx: This instance context.
 *
 * Returns: Returns the code returned by the @nproc callback, or -1 if
 *          the maximum recursion limit has been exceeded.
 */
static int ep_call_nested(struct nested_calls *ncalls, int max_nests,
			  int (*nproc)(void *, void *, int), void *priv,
			  void *cookie, void *ctx)
{
	int error, call_nests = 0;
	unsigned long flags;
	struct list_head *lsthead = &ncalls->tasks_call_list;
	struct nested_call_node *tncur;
	struct nested_call_node tnode;

	spin_lock_irqsave(&ncalls->lock, flags);

	/*
	 * Try to see if the current task is already inside this wakeup call.
	 * We use a list here, since the population inside this set is always
	 * very much limited.
	 */
	list_for_each_entry(tncur, lsthead, llink) {
		if (tncur->ctx == ctx &&
		    (tncur->cookie == cookie || ++call_nests > max_nests)) {
			/*
			 * Ops ... loop detected or maximum nest level reached.
			 * We abort this wake by breaking the cycle itself.
			 */
			error = -1;
			goto out_unlock;
		}
	}

	/* Add the current task and cookie to the list */
	tnode.ctx = ctx;
	tnode.cookie = cookie;
	list_add(&tnode.llink, lsthead);

	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ncalls->lock, flags);

	/* Call the nested function */
	error = (*nproc)(priv, cookie, call_nests);

	/* Remove the current task from the list */
	spin_lock_irqsave(&ncalls->lock, flags);
	list_del(&tnode.llink);
out_unlock:
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ncalls->lock, flags);

	return error;
}

/*
 * As described in commit 0ccf831cb lockdep: annotate epoll
 * the use of wait queues used by epoll is done in a very controlled
 * manner. Wake ups can nest inside each other, but are never done
 * with the same locking. For example:
 *
 *   dfd = socket(...);
 *   efd1 = epoll_create();
 *   efd2 = epoll_create();
 *   epoll_ctl(efd1, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, dfd, ...);
 *   epoll_ctl(efd2, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, efd1, ...);
 *
 * When a packet arrives to the device underneath "dfd", the net code will
 * issue a wake_up() on its poll wake list. Epoll (efd1) has installed a
 * callback wakeup entry on that queue, and the wake_up() performed by the
 * "dfd" net code will end up in ep_poll_callback(). At this point epoll
 * (efd1) notices that it may have some event ready, so it needs to wake up
 * the waiters on its poll wait list (efd2). So it calls ep_poll_safewake()
 * that ends up in another wake_up(), after having checked about the
 * recursion constraints. That are, no more than EP_MAX_POLLWAKE_NESTS, to
 * avoid stack blasting.
 *
 * When CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC is enabled, make sure lockdep can handle
 * this special case of epoll.
 */
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC

static struct nested_calls poll_safewake_ncalls;

static int ep_poll_wakeup_proc(void *priv, void *cookie, int call_nests)
{
	unsigned long flags;
	wait_queue_head_t *wqueue = (wait_queue_head_t *)cookie;

	spin_lock_irqsave_nested(&wqueue->lock, flags, call_nests + 1);
	wake_up_locked_poll(wqueue, EPOLLIN);
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&wqueue->lock, flags);

	return 0;
}

static void ep_poll_safewake(wait_queue_head_t *wq)
{
	int this_cpu = get_cpu();

	ep_call_nested(&poll_safewake_ncalls, EP_MAX_NESTS,
		       ep_poll_wakeup_proc, NULL, wq, (void *) (long) this_cpu);

	put_cpu();
}

#else

static void ep_poll_safewake(wait_queue_head_t *wq)
{
	wake_up_poll(wq, EPOLLIN);
}

#endif

static void ep_remove_wait_queue(struct eppoll_entry *pwq)
{
	wait_queue_head_t *whead;

	rcu_read_lock();
	/*
	 * If it is cleared by POLLFREE, it should be rcu-safe.
	 * If we read NULL we need a barrier paired with
	 * smp_store_release() in ep_poll_callback(), otherwise
	 * we rely on whead->lock.
	 */
	whead = smp_load_acquire(&pwq->whead);
	if (whead)
		remove_wait_queue(whead, &pwq->wait);
	rcu_read_unlock();
}

/*
 * This function unregisters poll callbacks from the associated file
 * descriptor.  Must be called with "mtx" held (or "epmutex" if called from
 * ep_free).
 */
static void ep_unregister_pollwait(struct eventpoll *ep, struct epitem *epi)
{
	struct list_head *lsthead = &epi->pwqlist;
	struct eppoll_entry *pwq;

	while (!list_empty(lsthead)) {
		pwq = list_first_entry(lsthead, struct eppoll_entry, llink);

		list_del(&pwq->llink);
		ep_remove_wait_queue(pwq);
		kmem_cache_free(pwq_cache, pwq);
	}
}

/* call only when ep->mtx is held */
static inline struct wakeup_source *ep_wakeup_source(struct epitem *epi)
{
	return rcu_dereference_check(epi->ws, lockdep_is_held(&epi->ep->mtx));
}

/* call only when ep->mtx is held */
static inline void ep_pm_stay_awake(struct epitem *epi)
{
	struct wakeup_source *ws = ep_wakeup_source(epi);

	if (ws)
		__pm_stay_awake(ws);
}

static inline bool ep_has_wakeup_source(struct epitem *epi)
{
	return rcu_access_pointer(epi->ws) ? true : false;
}

/* call when ep->mtx cannot be held (ep_poll_callback) */
static inline void ep_pm_stay_awake_rcu(struct epitem *epi)
{
	struct wakeup_source *ws;

	rcu_read_lock();
	ws = rcu_dereference(epi->ws);
	if (ws)
		__pm_stay_awake(ws);
	rcu_read_unlock();
}

/**
 * ep_scan_ready_list - Scans the ready list in a way that makes possible for
 *                      the scan code, to call f_op->poll(). Also allows for
 *                      O(NumReady) performance.
 *
 * @ep: Pointer to the epoll private data structure.
 * @sproc: Pointer to the scan callback.
 * @priv: Private opaque data passed to the @sproc callback.
 * @depth: The current depth of recursive f_op->poll calls.
 * @ep_locked: caller already holds ep->mtx
 *
 * Returns: The same integer error code returned by the @sproc callback.
 */
static __poll_t ep_scan_ready_list(struct eventpoll *ep,
			      __poll_t (*sproc)(struct eventpoll *,
					   struct list_head *, void *),
			      void *priv, int depth, bool ep_locked)
{
	__poll_t res;
	int pwake = 0;
	struct epitem *epi, *nepi;
	LIST_HEAD(txlist);

	lockdep_assert_irqs_enabled();

	/*
	 * We need to lock this because we could be hit by
	 * eventpoll_release_file() and epoll_ctl().
	 */

	if (!ep_locked)
		mutex_lock_nested(&ep->mtx, depth);

	/*
	 * Steal the ready list, and re-init the original one to the
	 * empty list. Also, set ep->ovflist to NULL so that events
	 * happening while looping w/out locks, are not lost. We cannot
	 * have the poll callback to queue directly on ep->rdllist,
	 * because we want the "sproc" callback to be able to do it
	 * in a lockless way.
	 */
	spin_lock_irq(&ep->wq.lock);
	list_splice_init(&ep->rdllist, &txlist);
	ep->ovflist = NULL;
	spin_unlock_irq(&ep->wq.lock);

	/*
	 * Now call the callback function.
	 */
	res = (*sproc)(ep, &txlist, priv);

	spin_lock_irq(&ep->wq.lock);
	/*
	 * During the time we spent inside the "sproc" callback, some
	 * other events might have been queued by the poll callback.
	 * We re-insert them inside the main ready-list here.
	 */
	for (nepi = ep->ovflist; (epi = nepi) != NULL;
	     nepi = epi->next, epi->next = EP_UNACTIVE_PTR) {
		/*
		 * We need to check if the item is already in the list.
		 * During the "sproc" callback execution time, items are
		 * queued into ->ovflist but the "txlist" might already
		 * contain them, and the list_splice() below takes care of them.
		 */
		if (!ep_is_linked(epi)) {
			list_add_tail(&epi->rdllink, &ep->rdllist);
			ep_pm_stay_awake(epi);
		}
	}
	/*
	 * We need to set back ep->ovflist to EP_UNACTIVE_PTR, so that after
	 * releasing the lock, events will be queued in the normal way inside
	 * ep->rdllist.
	 */
	ep->ovflist = EP_UNACTIVE_PTR;

	/*
	 * Quickly re-inject items left on "txlist".
	 */
	list_splice(&txlist, &ep->rdllist);
	__pm_relax(ep->ws);

	if (!list_empty(&ep->rdllist)) {
		/*
		 * Wake up (if active) both the eventpoll wait list and
		 * the ->poll() wait list (delayed after we release the lock).
		 */
		if (waitqueue_active(&ep->wq))
			wake_up_locked(&ep->wq);
		if (waitqueue_active(&ep->poll_wait))
			pwake++;
	}
	spin_unlock_irq(&ep->wq.lock);

	if (!ep_locked)
		mutex_unlock(&ep->mtx);

	/* We have to call this outside the lock */
	if (pwake)
		ep_poll_safewake(&ep->poll_wait);

	return res;
}

static void epi_rcu_free(struct rcu_head *head)
{
	struct epitem *epi = container_of(head, struct epitem, rcu);
	kmem_cache_free(epi_cache, epi);
}

/*
 * Removes a "struct epitem" from the eventpoll RB tree and deallocates
 * all the associated resources. Must be called with "mtx" held.
 */
static int ep_remove(struct eventpoll *ep, struct epitem *epi)
{
	struct file *file = epi->ffd.file;

	lockdep_assert_irqs_enabled();

	/*
	 * Removes poll wait queue hooks.
	 */
	ep_unregister_pollwait(ep, epi);

	/* Remove the current item from the list of epoll hooks */
	spin_lock(&file->f_lock);
	list_del_rcu(&epi->fllink);
	spin_unlock(&file->f_lock);

	rb_erase_cached(&epi->rbn, &ep->rbr);

	spin_lock_irq(&ep->wq.lock);
	if (ep_is_linked(epi))
		list_del_init(&epi->rdllink);
	spin_unlock_irq(&ep->wq.lock);

	wakeup_source_unregister(ep_wakeup_source(epi));
	/*
	 * At this point it is safe to free the eventpoll item. Use the union
	 * field epi->rcu, since we are trying to minimize the size of
	 * 'struct epitem'. The 'rbn' field is no longer in use. Protected by
	 * ep->mtx. The rcu read side, reverse_path_check_proc(), does not make
	 * use of the rbn field.
	 */
	call_rcu(&epi->rcu, epi_rcu_free);

	atomic_long_dec(&ep->user->epoll_watches);

	return 0;
}

static void ep_free(struct eventpoll *ep)
{
	struct rb_node *rbp;
	struct epitem *epi;

	/* We need to release all tasks waiting for these file */
	if (waitqueue_active(&ep->poll_wait))
		ep_poll_safewake(&ep->poll_wait);

	/*
	 * We need to lock this because we could be hit by
	 * eventpoll_release_file() while we're freeing the "struct eventpoll".
	 * We do not need to hold "ep->mtx" here because the epoll file
	 * is on the way to be removed and no one has references to it
	 * anymore. The only hit might come from eventpoll_release_file() but
	 * holding "epmutex" is sufficient here.
	 */
	mutex_lock(&epmutex);

	/*
	 * Walks through the whole tree by unregistering poll callbacks.
	 */
	for (rbp = rb_first_cached(&ep->rbr); rbp; rbp = rb_next(rbp)) {
		epi = rb_entry(rbp, struct epitem, rbn);

		ep_unregister_pollwait(ep, epi);
		cond_resched();
	}

	/*
	 * Walks through the whole tree by freeing each "struct epitem". At this
	 * point we are sure no poll callbacks will be lingering around, and also by
	 * holding "epmutex" we can be sure that no file cleanup code will hit
	 * us during this operation. So we can avoid the lock on "ep->wq.lock".
	 * We do not need to lock ep->mtx, either, we only do it to prevent
	 * a lockdep warning.
	 */
	mutex_lock(&ep->mtx);
	while ((rbp = rb_first_cached(&ep->rbr)) != NULL) {
		epi = rb_entry(rbp, struct epitem, rbn);
		ep_remove(ep, epi);
		cond_resched();
	}
	mutex_unlock(&ep->mtx);

	mutex_unlock(&epmutex);
	mutex_destroy(&ep->mtx);
	free_uid(ep->user);
	wakeup_source_unregister(ep->ws);
	kfree(ep);
}

static int ep_eventpoll_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
	struct eventpoll *ep = file->private_data;

	if (ep)
		ep_free(ep);

	return 0;
}

static __poll_t ep_read_events_proc(struct eventpoll *ep, struct list_head *head,
			       void *priv);
static void ep_ptable_queue_proc(struct file *file, wait_queue_head_t *whead,
				 poll_table *pt);

/*
 * Differs from ep_eventpoll_poll() in that internal callers already have
 * the ep->mtx so we need to start from depth=1, such that mutex_lock_nested()
 * is correctly annotated.
 */
static __poll_t ep_item_poll(const struct epitem *epi, poll_table *pt,
				 int depth)
{
	struct eventpoll *ep;
	bool locked;

	pt->_key = epi->event.events;
	if (!is_file_epoll(epi->ffd.file))
		return vfs_poll(epi->ffd.file, pt) & epi->event.events;

	ep = epi->ffd.file->private_data;
	poll_wait(epi->ffd.file, &ep->poll_wait, pt);
	locked = pt && (pt->_qproc == ep_ptable_queue_proc);

	return ep_scan_ready_list(epi->ffd.file->private_data,
				  ep_read_events_proc, &depth, depth,
				  locked) & epi->event.events;
}

static __poll_t ep_read_events_proc(struct eventpoll *ep, struct list_head *head,
			       void *priv)
{
	struct epitem *epi, *tmp;
	poll_table pt;
	int depth = *(int *)priv;

	init_poll_funcptr(&pt, NULL);
	depth++;

	list_for_each_entry_safe(epi, tmp, head, rdllink) {
		if (ep_item_poll(epi, &pt, depth)) {
			return EPOLLIN | EPOLLRDNORM;
		} else {
			/*
			 * Item has been dropped into the ready list by the poll
			 * callback, but it's not actually ready, as far as
			 * caller requested events goes. We can remove it here.
			 */
			__pm_relax(ep_wakeup_source(epi));
			list_del_init(&epi->rdllink);
		}
	}

	return 0;
}

static __poll_t ep_eventpoll_poll(struct file *file, poll_table *wait)
{
	struct eventpoll *ep = file->private_data;
	int depth = 0;

	/* Insert inside our poll wait queue */
	poll_wait(file, &ep->poll_wait, wait);

	/*
	 * Proceed to find out if wanted events are really available inside
	 * the ready list.
	 */
	return ep_scan_ready_list(ep, ep_read_events_proc,
				  &depth, depth, false);
}

#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
static void ep_show_fdinfo(struct seq_file *m, struct file *f)
{
	struct eventpoll *ep = f->private_data;
	struct rb_node *rbp;

	mutex_lock(&ep->mtx);
	for (rbp = rb_first_cached(&ep->rbr); rbp; rbp = rb_next(rbp)) {
		struct epitem *epi = rb_entry(rbp, struct epitem, rbn);
		struct inode *inode = file_inode(epi->ffd.file);

		seq_printf(m, "tfd: %8d events: %8x data: %16llx "
			   " pos:%lli ino:%lx sdev:%x\n",
			   epi->ffd.fd, epi->event.events,
			   (long long)epi->event.data,
			   (long long)epi->ffd.file->f_pos,
			   inode->i_ino, inode->i_sb->s_dev);
		if (seq_has_overflowed(m))
			break;
	}
	mutex_unlock(&ep->mtx);
}
#endif

/* File callbacks that implement the eventpoll file behaviour */
static const struct file_operations eventpoll_fops = {
#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
	.show_fdinfo	= ep_show_fdinfo,
#endif
	.release	= ep_eventpoll_release,
	.poll		= ep_eventpoll_poll,
	.llseek		= noop_llseek,
};

/*
 * This is called from eventpoll_release() to unlink files from the eventpoll
 * interface. We need to have this facility to cleanup correctly files that are
 * closed without being removed from the eventpoll interface.
 */
void eventpoll_release_file(struct file *file)
{
	struct eventpoll *ep;
	struct epitem *epi, *next;

	/*
	 * We don't want to get "file->f_lock" because it is not
	 * necessary. It is not necessary because we're in the "struct file"
	 * cleanup path, and this means that no one is using this file anymore.
	 * So, for example, epoll_ctl() cannot hit here since if we reach this
	 * point, the file counter already went to zero and fget() would fail.
	 * The only hit might come from ep_free() but by holding the mutex
	 * will correctly serialize the operation. We do need to acquire
	 * "ep->mtx" after "epmutex" because ep_remove() requires it when called
	 * from anywhere but ep_free().
	 *
	 * Besides, ep_remove() acquires the lock, so we can't hold it here.
	 */
	mutex_lock(&epmutex);
	list_for_each_entry_safe(epi, next, &file->f_ep_links, fllink) {
		ep = epi->ep;
		mutex_lock_nested(&ep->mtx, 0);
		ep_remove(ep, epi);
		mutex_unlock(&ep->mtx);
	}
	mutex_unlock(&epmutex);
}

static int ep_alloc(struct eventpoll **pep)
{
	int error;
	struct user_struct *user;
	struct eventpoll *ep;

	user = get_current_user();
	error = -ENOMEM;
	ep = kzalloc(sizeof(*ep), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (unlikely(!ep))
		goto free_uid;

	mutex_init(&ep->mtx);
	init_waitqueue_head(&ep->wq);
	init_waitqueue_head(&ep->poll_wait);
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&ep->rdllist);
	ep->rbr = RB_ROOT_CACHED;
	ep->ovflist = EP_UNACTIVE_PTR;
	ep->user = user;

	*pep = ep;

	return 0;

free_uid:
	free_uid(user);
	return error;
}

/*
 * Search the file inside the eventpoll tree. The RB tree operations
 * are protected by the "mtx" mutex, and ep_find() must be called with
 * "mtx" held.
 */
static struct epitem *ep_find(struct eventpoll *ep, struct file *file, int fd)
{
	int kcmp;
	struct rb_node *rbp;
	struct epitem *epi, *epir = NULL;
	struct epoll_filefd ffd;

	ep_set_ffd(&ffd, file, fd);
	for (rbp = ep->rbr.rb_root.rb_node; rbp; ) {
		epi = rb_entry(rbp, struct epitem, rbn);
		kcmp = ep_cmp_ffd(&ffd, &epi->ffd);
		if (kcmp > 0)
			rbp = rbp->rb_right;
		else if (kcmp < 0)
			rbp = rbp->rb_left;
		else {
			epir = epi;
			break;
		}
	}

	return epir;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE
static struct epitem *ep_find_tfd(struct eventpoll *ep, int tfd, unsigned long toff)
{
	struct rb_node *rbp;
	struct epitem *epi;

	for (rbp = rb_first_cached(&ep->rbr); rbp; rbp = rb_next(rbp)) {
		epi = rb_entry(rbp, struct epitem, rbn);
		if (epi->ffd.fd == tfd) {
			if (toff == 0)
				return epi;
			else
				toff--;
		}
		cond_resched();
	}

	return NULL;
}

struct file *get_epoll_tfile_raw_ptr(struct file *file, int tfd,
				     unsigned long toff)
{
	struct file *file_raw;
	struct eventpoll *ep;
	struct epitem *epi;

	if (!is_file_epoll(file))
		return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);

	ep = file->private_data;

	mutex_lock(&ep->mtx);
	epi = ep_find_tfd(ep, tfd, toff);
	if (epi)
		file_raw = epi->ffd.file;
	else
		file_raw = ERR_PTR(-ENOENT);
	mutex_unlock(&ep->mtx);

	return file_raw;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE */

/*
 * This is the callback that is passed to the wait queue wakeup
 * mechanism. It is called by the stored file descriptors when they
 * have events to report.
 */
static int ep_poll_callback(wait_queue_entry_t *wait, unsigned mode, int sync, void *key)
{
	int pwake = 0;
	unsigned long flags;
	struct epitem *epi = ep_item_from_wait(wait);
	struct eventpoll *ep = epi->ep;
	__poll_t pollflags = key_to_poll(key);
	int ewake = 0;

	spin_lock_irqsave(&ep->wq.lock, flags);

	ep_set_busy_poll_napi_id(epi);

	/*
	 * If the event mask does not contain any poll(2) event, we consider the
	 * descriptor to be disabled. This condition is likely the effect of the
	 * EPOLLONESHOT bit that disables the descriptor when an event is received,
	 * until the next EPOLL_CTL_MOD will be issued.
	 */
	if (!(epi->event.events & ~EP_PRIVATE_BITS))
		goto out_unlock;

	/*
	 * Check the events coming with the callback. At this stage, not
	 * every device reports the events in the "key" parameter of the
	 * callback. We need to be able to handle both cases here, hence the
	 * test for "key" != NULL before the event match test.
	 */
	if (pollflags && !(pollflags & epi->event.events))
		goto out_unlock;

	/*
	 * If we are transferring events to userspace, we can hold no locks
	 * (because we're accessing user memory, and because of linux f_op->poll()
	 * semantics). All the events that happen during that period of time are
	 * chained in ep->ovflist and requeued later on.
	 */
	if (ep->ovflist != EP_UNACTIVE_PTR) {
		if (epi->next == EP_UNACTIVE_PTR) {
			epi->next = ep->ovflist;
			ep->ovflist = epi;
			if (epi->ws) {
				/*
				 * Activate ep->ws since epi->ws may get
				 * deactivated at any time.
				 */
				__pm_stay_awake(ep->ws);
			}

		}
		goto out_unlock;
	}

	/* If this file is already in the ready list we exit soon */
	if (!ep_is_linked(epi)) {
		list_add_tail(&epi->rdllink, &ep->rdllist);
		ep_pm_stay_awake_rcu(epi);
	}

	/*
	 * Wake up ( if active ) both the eventpoll wait list and the ->poll()
	 * wait list.
	 */
	if (waitqueue_active(&ep->wq)) {
		if ((epi->event.events & EPOLLEXCLUSIVE) &&
					!(pollflags & POLLFREE)) {
			switch (pollflags & EPOLLINOUT_BITS) {
			case EPOLLIN:
				if (epi->event.events & EPOLLIN)
					ewake = 1;
				break;
			case EPOLLOUT:
				if (epi->event.events & EPOLLOUT)
					ewake = 1;
				break;
			case 0:
				ewake = 1;
				break;
			}
		}
		wake_up_locked(&ep->wq);
	}
	if (waitqueue_active(&ep->poll_wait))
		pwake++;

out_unlock:
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&ep->wq.lock, flags);

	/* We have to call this outside the lock */
	if (pwake)
		ep_poll_safewake(&ep->poll_wait);

	if (!(epi->event.events & EPOLLEXCLUSIVE))
		ewake = 1;

	if (pollflags & POLLFREE) {
		/*
		 * If we race with ep_remove_wait_queue() it can miss
		 * ->whead = NULL and do another remove_wait_queue() after
		 * us, so we can't use __remove_wait_queue().
		 */
		list_del_init(&wait->entry);
		/*
		 * ->whead != NULL protects us from the race with ep_free()
		 * or ep_remove(), ep_remove_wait_queue() takes whead->lock
		 * held by the caller. Once we nullify it, nothing protects
		 * ep/epi or even wait.
		 */
		smp_store_release(&ep_pwq_from_wait(wait)->whead, NULL);
	}

	return ewake;
}

/*
 * This is the callback that is used to add our wait queue to the
 * target file wakeup lists.
 */
static void ep_ptable_queue_proc(struct file *file, wait_queue_head_t *whead,
				 poll_table *pt)
{
	struct epitem *epi = ep_item_from_epqueue(pt);
	struct eppoll_entry *pwq;

	if (epi->nwait >= 0 && (pwq = kmem_cache_alloc(pwq_cache, GFP_KERNEL))) {
		init_waitqueue_func_entry(&pwq->wait, ep_poll_callback);
		pwq->whead = whead;
		pwq->base = epi;
		if (epi->event.events & EPOLLEXCLUSIVE)
			add_wait_queue_exclusive(whead, &pwq->wait);
		else
			add_wait_queue(whead, &pwq->wait);
		list_add_tail(&pwq->llink, &epi->pwqlist);
		epi->nwait++;
	} else {
		/* We have to signal that an error occurred */
		epi->nwait = -1;
	}
}

static void ep_rbtree_insert(struct eventpoll *ep, struct epitem *epi)
{
	int kcmp;
	struct rb_node **p = &ep->rbr.rb_root.rb_node, *parent = NULL;
	struct epitem *epic;
	bool leftmost = true;

	while (*p) {
		parent = *p;
		epic = rb_entry(parent, struct epitem, rbn);
		kcmp = ep_cmp_ffd(&epi->ffd, &epic->ffd);
		if (kcmp > 0) {
			p = &parent->rb_right;
			leftmost = false;
		} else
			p = &parent->rb_left;
	}
	rb_link_node(&epi->rbn, parent, p);
	rb_insert_color_cached(&epi->rbn, &ep->rbr, leftmost);
}



#define PATH_ARR_SIZE 5
/*
 * These are the number paths of length 1 to 5, that we are allowing to emanate
 * from a single file of interest. For example, we allow 1000 paths of length
 * 1, to emanate from each file of interest. This essentially represents the
 * potential wakeup paths, which need to be limited in order to avoid massive
 * uncontrolled wakeup storms. The common use case should be a single ep which
 * is connected to n file sources. In this case each file source has 1 path
 * of length 1. Thus, the numbers below should be more than sufficient. These
 * path limits are enforced during an EPOLL_CTL_ADD operation, since a modify
 * and delete can't add additional paths. Protected by the epmutex.
 */
static const int path_limits[PATH_ARR_SIZE] = { 1000, 500, 100, 50, 10 };
static int path_count[PATH_ARR_SIZE];

static int path_count_inc(int nests)
{
	/* Allow an arbitrary number of depth 1 paths */
	if (nests == 0)
		return 0;

	if (++path_count[nests] > path_limits[nests])
		return -1;
	return 0;
}

static void path_count_init(void)
{
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < PATH_ARR_SIZE; i++)
		path_count[i] = 0;
}

static int reverse_path_check_proc(void *priv, void *cookie, int call_nests)
{
	int error = 0;
	struct file *file = priv;
	struct file *child_file;
	struct epitem *epi;

	/* CTL_DEL can remove links here, but that can't increase our count */
	rcu_read_lock();
	list_for_each_entry_rcu(epi, &file->f_ep_links, fllink) {
		child_file = epi->ep->file;
		if (is_file_epoll(child_file)) {
			if (list_empty(&child_file->f_ep_links)) {
				if (path_count_inc(call_nests)) {
					error = -1;
					break;
				}
			} else {
				error = ep_call_nested(&poll_loop_ncalls,
							EP_MAX_NESTS,
							reverse_path_check_proc,
							child_file, child_file,
							current);
			}
			if (error != 0)
				break;
		} else {
			printk(KERN_ERR "reverse_path_check_proc: "
				"file is not an ep!\n");
		}
	}
	rcu_read_unlock();
	return error;
}

/**
 * reverse_path_check - The tfile_check_list is list of file *, which have
 *                      links that are proposed to be newly added. We need to
 *                      make sure that those added links don't add too many
 *                      paths such that we will spend all our time waking up
 *                      eventpoll objects.
 *
 * Returns: Returns zero if the proposed links don't create too many paths,
 *	    -1 otherwise.
 */
static int reverse_path_check(void)
{
	int error = 0;
	struct file *current_file;

	/* let's call this for all tfiles */
	list_for_each_entry(current_file, &tfile_check_list, f_tfile_llink) {
		path_count_init();
		error = ep_call_nested(&poll_loop_ncalls, EP_MAX_NESTS,
					reverse_path_check_proc, current_file,
					current_file, current);
		if (error)
			break;
	}
	return error;
}

static int ep_create_wakeup_source(struct epitem *epi)
{
	const char *name;
	struct wakeup_source *ws;

	if (!epi->ep->ws) {
		epi->ep->ws = wakeup_source_register("eventpoll");
		if (!epi->ep->ws)
			return -ENOMEM;
	}

	name = epi->ffd.file->f_path.dentry->d_name.name;
	ws = wakeup_source_register(name);

	if (!ws)
		return -ENOMEM;
	rcu_assign_pointer(epi->ws, ws);

	return 0;
}

/* rare code path, only used when EPOLL_CTL_MOD removes a wakeup source */
static noinline void ep_destroy_wakeup_source(struct epitem *epi)
{
	struct wakeup_source *ws = ep_wakeup_source(epi);

	RCU_INIT_POINTER(epi->ws, NULL);

	/*
	 * wait for ep_pm_stay_awake_rcu to finish, synchronize_rcu is
	 * used internally by wakeup_source_remove, too (called by
	 * wakeup_source_unregister), so we cannot use call_rcu
	 */
	synchronize_rcu();
	wakeup_source_unregister(ws);
}

/*
 * Must be called with "mtx" held.
 */
static int ep_insert(struct eventpoll *ep, const struct epoll_event *event,
		     struct file *tfile, int fd, int full_check)
{
	int error, pwake = 0;
	__poll_t revents;
	long user_watches;
	struct epitem *epi;
	struct ep_pqueue epq;

	lockdep_assert_irqs_enabled();

	user_watches = atomic_long_read(&ep->user->epoll_watches);
	if (unlikely(user_watches >= max_user_watches))
		return -ENOSPC;
	if (!(epi = kmem_cache_alloc(epi_cache, GFP_KERNEL)))
		return -ENOMEM;

	/* Item initialization follow here ... */
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&epi->rdllink);
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&epi->fllink);
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&epi->pwqlist);
	epi->ep = ep;
	ep_set_ffd(&epi->ffd, tfile, fd);
	epi->event = *event;
	epi->nwait = 0;
	epi->next = EP_UNACTIVE_PTR;
	if (epi->event.events & EPOLLWAKEUP) {
		error = ep_create_wakeup_source(epi);
		if (error)
			goto error_create_wakeup_source;
	} else {
		RCU_INIT_POINTER(epi->ws, NULL);
	}

	/* Initialize the poll table using the queue callback */
	epq.epi = epi;
	init_poll_funcptr(&epq.pt, ep_ptable_queue_proc);

	/*
	 * Attach the item to the poll hooks and get current event bits.
	 * We can safely use the file* here because its usage count has
	 * been increased by the caller of this function. Note that after
	 * this operation completes, the poll callback can start hitting
	 * the new item.
	 */
	revents = ep_item_poll(epi, &epq.pt, 1);

	/*
	 * We have to check if something went wrong during the poll wait queue
	 * install process. Namely an allocation for a wait queue failed due
	 * high memory pressure.
	 */
	error = -ENOMEM;
	if (epi->nwait < 0)
		goto error_unregister;

	/* Add the current item to the list of active epoll hook for this file */
	spin_lock(&tfile->f_lock);
	list_add_tail_rcu(&epi->fllink, &tfile->f_ep_links);
	spin_unlock(&tfile->f_lock);

	/*
	 * Add the current item to the RB tree. All RB tree operations are
	 * protected by "mtx", and ep_insert() is called with "mtx" held.
	 */
	ep_rbtree_insert(ep, epi);

	/* now check if we've created too many backpaths */
	error = -EINVAL;
	if (full_check && reverse_path_check())
		goto error_remove_epi;

	/* We have to drop the new item inside our item list to keep track of it */
	spin_lock_irq(&ep->wq.lock);

	/* record NAPI ID of new item if present */
	ep_set_busy_poll_napi_id(epi);

	/* If the file is already "ready" we drop it inside the ready list */
	if (revents && !ep_is_linked(epi)) {
		list_add_tail(&epi->rdllink, &ep->rdllist);
		ep_pm_stay_awake(epi);

		/* Notify waiting tasks that events are available */
		if (waitqueue_active(&ep->wq))
			wake_up_locked(&ep->wq);
		if (waitqueue_active(&ep->poll_wait))
			pwake++;
	}

	spin_unlock_irq(&ep->wq.lock);

	atomic_long_inc(&ep->user->epoll_watches);

	/* We have to call this outside the lock */
	if (pwake)
		ep_poll_safewake(&ep->poll_wait);

	return 0;

error_remove_epi:
	spin_lock(&tfile->f_lock);
	list_del_rcu(&epi->fllink);
	spin_unlock(&tfile->f_lock);

	rb_erase_cached(&epi->rbn, &ep->rbr);

error_unregister:
	ep_unregister_pollwait(ep, epi);

	/*
	 * We need to do this because an event could have been arrived on some
	 * allocated wait queue. Note that we don't care about the ep->ovflist
	 * list, since that is used/cleaned only inside a section bound by "mtx".
	 * And ep_insert() is called with "mtx" held.
	 */
	spin_lock_irq(&ep->wq.lock);
	if (ep_is_linked(epi))
		list_del_init(&epi->rdllink);
	spin_unlock_irq(&ep->wq.lock);

	wakeup_source_unregister(ep_wakeup_source(epi));

error_create_wakeup_source:
	kmem_cache_free(epi_cache, epi);

	return error;
}

/*
 * Modify the interest event mask by dropping an event if the new mask
 * has a match in the current file status. Must be called with "mtx" held.
 */
static int ep_modify(struct eventpoll *ep, struct epitem *epi,
		     const struct epoll_event *event)
{
	int pwake = 0;
	poll_table pt;

	lockdep_assert_irqs_enabled();

	init_poll_funcptr(&pt, NULL);

	/*
	 * Set the new event interest mask before calling f_op->poll();
	 * otherwise we might miss an event that happens between the
	 * f_op->poll() call and the new event set registering.
	 */
	epi->event.events = event->events; /* need barrier below */
	epi->event.data = event->data; /* protected by mtx */
	if (epi->event.events & EPOLLWAKEUP) {
		if (!ep_has_wakeup_source(epi))
			ep_create_wakeup_source(epi);
	} else if (ep_has_wakeup_source(epi)) {
		ep_destroy_wakeup_source(epi);
	}

	/*
	 * The following barrier has two effects:
	 *
	 * 1) Flush epi changes above to other CPUs.  This ensures
	 *    we do not miss events from ep_poll_callback if an
	 *    event occurs immediately after we call f_op->poll().
	 *    We need this because we did not take ep->wq.lock while
	 *    changing epi above (but ep_poll_callback does take
	 *    ep->wq.lock).
	 *
	 * 2) We also need to ensure we do not miss _past_ events
	 *    when calling f_op->poll().  This barrier also
	 *    pairs with the barrier in wq_has_sleeper (see
	 *    comments for wq_has_sleeper).
	 *
	 * This barrier will now guarantee ep_poll_callback or f_op->poll
	 * (or both) will notice the readiness of an item.
	 */
	smp_mb();

	/*
	 * Get current event bits. We can safely use the file* here because
	 * its usage count has been increased by the caller of this function.
	 * If the item is "hot" and it is not registered inside the ready
	 * list, push it inside.
	 */
	if (ep_item_poll(epi, &pt, 1)) {
		spin_lock_irq(&ep->wq.lock);
		if (!ep_is_linked(epi)) {
			list_add_tail(&epi->rdllink, &ep->rdllist);
			ep_pm_stay_awake(epi);

			/* Notify waiting tasks that events are available */
			if (waitqueue_active(&ep->wq))
				wake_up_locked(&ep->wq);
			if (waitqueue_active(&ep->poll_wait))
				pwake++;
		}
		spin_unlock_irq(&ep->wq.lock);
	}

	/* We have to call this outside the lock */
	if (pwake)
		ep_poll_safewake(&ep->poll_wait);

	return 0;
}

static __poll_t ep_send_events_proc(struct eventpoll *ep, struct list_head *head,
			       void *priv)
{
	struct ep_send_events_data *esed = priv;
	__poll_t revents;
	struct epitem *epi;
	struct epoll_event __user *uevent;
	struct wakeup_source *ws;
	poll_table pt;

	init_poll_funcptr(&pt, NULL);

	/*
	 * We can loop without lock because we are passed a task private list.
	 * Items cannot vanish during the loop because ep_scan_ready_list() is
	 * holding "mtx" during this call.
	 */
	for (esed->res = 0, uevent = esed->events;
	     !list_empty(head) && esed->res < esed->maxevents;) {
		epi = list_first_entry(head, struct epitem, rdllink);

		/*
		 * Activate ep->ws before deactivating epi->ws to prevent
		 * triggering auto-suspend here (in case we reactive epi->ws
		 * below).
		 *
		 * This could be rearranged to delay the deactivation of epi->ws
		 * instead, but then epi->ws would temporarily be out of sync
		 * with ep_is_linked().
		 */
		ws = ep_wakeup_source(epi);
		if (ws) {
			if (ws->active)
				__pm_stay_awake(ep->ws);
			__pm_relax(ws);
		}

		list_del_init(&epi->rdllink);

		revents = ep_item_poll(epi, &pt, 1);

		/*
		 * If the event mask intersect the caller-requested one,
		 * deliver the event to userspace. Again, ep_scan_ready_list()
		 * is holding "mtx", so no operations coming from userspace
		 * can change the item.
		 */
		if (revents) {
			if (__put_user(revents, &uevent->events) ||
			    __put_user(epi->event.data, &uevent->data)) {
				list_add(&epi->rdllink, head);
				ep_pm_stay_awake(epi);
				if (!esed->res)
					esed->res = -EFAULT;
				return 0;
			}
			esed->res++;
			uevent++;
			if (epi->event.events & EPOLLONESHOT)
				epi->event.events &= EP_PRIVATE_BITS;
			else if (!(epi->event.events & EPOLLET)) {
				/*
				 * If this file has been added with Level
				 * Trigger mode, we need to insert back inside
				 * the ready list, so that the next call to
				 * epoll_wait() will check again the events
				 * availability. At this point, no one can insert
				 * into ep->rdllist besides us. The epoll_ctl()
				 * callers are locked out by
				 * ep_scan_ready_list() holding "mtx" and the
				 * poll callback will queue them in ep->ovflist.
				 */
				list_add_tail(&epi->rdllink, &ep->rdllist);
				ep_pm_stay_awake(epi);
			}
		}
	}

	return 0;
}

static int ep_send_events(struct eventpoll *ep,
			  struct epoll_event __user *events, int maxevents)
{
	struct ep_send_events_data esed;

	esed.maxevents = maxevents;
	esed.events = events;

	ep_scan_ready_list(ep, ep_send_events_proc, &esed, 0, false);
	return esed.res;
}

static inline struct timespec64 ep_set_mstimeout(long ms)
{
	struct timespec64 now, ts = {
		.tv_sec = ms / MSEC_PER_SEC,
		.tv_nsec = NSEC_PER_MSEC * (ms % MSEC_PER_SEC),
	};

	ktime_get_ts64(&now);
	return timespec64_add_safe(now, ts);
}

/**
 * ep_poll - Retrieves ready events, and delivers them to the caller supplied
 *           event buffer.
 *
 * @ep: Pointer to the eventpoll context.
 * @events: Pointer to the userspace buffer where the ready events should be
 *          stored.
 * @maxevents: Size (in terms of number of events) of the caller event buffer.
 * @timeout: Maximum timeout for the ready events fetch operation, in
 *           milliseconds. If the @timeout is zero, the function will not block,
 *           while if the @timeout is less than zero, the function will block
 *           until at least one event has been retrieved (or an error
 *           occurred).
 *
 * Returns: Returns the number of ready events which have been fetched, or an
 *          error code, in case of error.
 */
static int ep_poll(struct eventpoll *ep, struct epoll_event __user *events,
		   int maxevents, long timeout)
{
	int res = 0, eavail, timed_out = 0;
	u64 slack = 0;
	wait_queue_entry_t wait;
	ktime_t expires, *to = NULL;

	lockdep_assert_irqs_enabled();

	if (timeout > 0) {
		struct timespec64 end_time = ep_set_mstimeout(timeout);

		slack = select_estimate_accuracy(&end_time);
		to = &expires;
		*to = timespec64_to_ktime(end_time);
	} else if (timeout == 0) {
		/*
		 * Avoid the unnecessary trip to the wait queue loop, if the
		 * caller specified a non blocking operation.
		 */
		timed_out = 1;
		spin_lock_irq(&ep->wq.lock);
		goto check_events;
	}

fetch_events:

	if (!ep_events_available(ep))
		ep_busy_loop(ep, timed_out);

	spin_lock_irq(&ep->wq.lock);

	if (!ep_events_available(ep)) {
		/*
		 * Busy poll timed out.  Drop NAPI ID for now, we can add
		 * it back in when we have moved a socket with a valid NAPI
		 * ID onto the ready list.
		 */
		ep_reset_busy_poll_napi_id(ep);

		/*
		 * We don't have any available event to return to the caller.
		 * We need to sleep here, and we will be wake up by
		 * ep_poll_callback() when events will become available.
		 */
		init_waitqueue_entry(&wait, current);
		__add_wait_queue_exclusive(&ep->wq, &wait);

		for (;;) {
			/*
			 * We don't want to sleep if the ep_poll_callback() sends us
			 * a wakeup in between. That's why we set the task state
			 * to TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE before doing the checks.
			 */
			set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
			/*
			 * Always short-circuit for fatal signals to allow
			 * threads to make a timely exit without the chance of
			 * finding more events available and fetching
			 * repeatedly.
			 */
			if (fatal_signal_pending(current)) {
				res = -EINTR;
				break;
			}
			if (ep_events_available(ep) || timed_out)
				break;
			if (signal_pending(current)) {
				res = -EINTR;
				break;
			}

			spin_unlock_irq(&ep->wq.lock);
			if (!schedule_hrtimeout_range(to, slack, HRTIMER_MODE_ABS))
				timed_out = 1;

			spin_lock_irq(&ep->wq.lock);
		}

		__remove_wait_queue(&ep->wq, &wait);
		__set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
	}
check_events:
	/* Is it worth to try to dig for events ? */
	eavail = ep_events_available(ep);

	spin_unlock_irq(&ep->wq.lock);

	/*
	 * Try to transfer events to user space. In case we get 0 events and
	 * there's still timeout left over, we go trying again in search of
	 * more luck.
	 */
	if (!res && eavail &&
	    !(res = ep_send_events(ep, events, maxevents)) && !timed_out)
		goto fetch_events;

	return res;
}

/**
 * ep_loop_check_proc - Callback function to be passed to the @ep_call_nested()
 *                      API, to verify that adding an epoll file inside another
 *                      epoll structure, does not violate the constraints, in
 *                      terms of closed loops, or too deep chains (which can
 *                      result in excessive stack usage).
 *
 * @priv: Pointer to the epoll file to be currently checked.
 * @cookie: Original cookie for this call. This is the top-of-the-chain epoll
 *          data structure pointer.
 * @call_nests: Current dept of the @ep_call_nested() call stack.
 *
 * Returns: Returns zero if adding the epoll @file inside current epoll
 *          structure @ep does not violate the constraints, or -1 otherwise.
 */
static int ep_loop_check_proc(void *priv, void *cookie, int call_nests)
{
	int error = 0;
	struct file *file = priv;
	struct eventpoll *ep = file->private_data;
	struct eventpoll *ep_tovisit;
	struct rb_node *rbp;
	struct epitem *epi;

	mutex_lock_nested(&ep->mtx, call_nests + 1);
	ep->visited = 1;
	list_add(&ep->visited_list_link, &visited_list);
	for (rbp = rb_first_cached(&ep->rbr); rbp; rbp = rb_next(rbp)) {
		epi = rb_entry(rbp, struct epitem, rbn);
		if (unlikely(is_file_epoll(epi->ffd.file))) {
			ep_tovisit = epi->ffd.file->private_data;
			if (ep_tovisit->visited)
				continue;
			error = ep_call_nested(&poll_loop_ncalls, EP_MAX_NESTS,
					ep_loop_check_proc, epi->ffd.file,
					ep_tovisit, current);
			if (error != 0)
				break;
		} else {
			/*
			 * If we've reached a file that is not associated with
			 * an ep, then we need to check if the newly added
			 * links are going to add too many wakeup paths. We do
			 * this by adding it to the tfile_check_list, if it's
			 * not already there, and calling reverse_path_check()
			 * during ep_insert().
			 */
			if (list_empty(&epi->ffd.file->f_tfile_llink))
				list_add(&epi->ffd.file->f_tfile_llink,
					 &tfile_check_list);
		}
	}
	mutex_unlock(&ep->mtx);

	return error;
}

/**
 * ep_loop_check - Performs a check to verify that adding an epoll file (@file)
 *                 another epoll file (represented by @ep) does not create
 *                 closed loops or too deep chains.
 *
 * @ep: Pointer to the epoll private data structure.
 * @file: Pointer to the epoll file to be checked.
 *
 * Returns: Returns zero if adding the epoll @file inside current epoll
 *          structure @ep does not violate the constraints, or -1 otherwise.
 */
static int ep_loop_check(struct eventpoll *ep, struct file *file)
{
	int ret;
	struct eventpoll *ep_cur, *ep_next;

	ret = ep_call_nested(&poll_loop_ncalls, EP_MAX_NESTS,
			      ep_loop_check_proc, file, ep, current);
	/* clear visited list */
	list_for_each_entry_safe(ep_cur, ep_next, &visited_list,
							visited_list_link) {
		ep_cur->visited = 0;
		list_del(&ep_cur->visited_list_link);
	}
	return ret;
}

static void clear_tfile_check_list(void)
{
	struct file *file;

	/* first clear the tfile_check_list */
	while (!list_empty(&tfile_check_list)) {
		file = list_first_entry(&tfile_check_list, struct file,
					f_tfile_llink);
		list_del_init(&file->f_tfile_llink);
	}
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&tfile_check_list);
}

/*
 * Open an eventpoll file descriptor.
 */
static int do_epoll_create(int flags)
{
	int error, fd;
	struct eventpoll *ep = NULL;
	struct file *file;

	/* Check the EPOLL_* constant for consistency.  */
	BUILD_BUG_ON(EPOLL_CLOEXEC != O_CLOEXEC);

	if (flags & ~EPOLL_CLOEXEC)
		return -EINVAL;
	/*
	 * Create the internal data structure ("struct eventpoll").
	 */
	error = ep_alloc(&ep);
	if (error < 0)
		return error;
	/*
	 * Creates all the items needed to setup an eventpoll file. That is,
	 * a file structure and a free file descriptor.
	 */
	fd = get_unused_fd_flags(O_RDWR | (flags & O_CLOEXEC));
	if (fd < 0) {
		error = fd;
		goto out_free_ep;
	}
	file = anon_inode_getfile("[eventpoll]", &eventpoll_fops, ep,
				 O_RDWR | (flags & O_CLOEXEC));
	if (IS_ERR(file)) {
		error = PTR_ERR(file);
		goto out_free_fd;
	}
	ep->file = file;
	fd_install(fd, file);
	return fd;

out_free_fd:
	put_unused_fd(fd);
out_free_ep:
	ep_free(ep);
	return error;
}

SYSCALL_DEFINE1(epoll_create1, int, flags)
{
	return do_epoll_create(flags);
}

SYSCALL_DEFINE1(epoll_create, int, size)
{
	if (size <= 0)
		return -EINVAL;

	return do_epoll_create(0);
}

/*
 * The following function implements the controller interface for
 * the eventpoll file that enables the insertion/removal/change of
 * file descriptors inside the interest set.
 */
SYSCALL_DEFINE4(epoll_ctl, int, epfd, int, op, int, fd,
		struct epoll_event __user *, event)
{
	int error;
	int full_check = 0;
	struct fd f, tf;
	struct eventpoll *ep;
	struct epitem *epi;
	struct epoll_event epds;
	struct eventpoll *tep = NULL;

	error = -EFAULT;
	if (ep_op_has_event(op) &&
	    copy_from_user(&epds, event, sizeof(struct epoll_event)))
		goto error_return;

	error = -EBADF;
	f = fdget(epfd);
	if (!f.file)
		goto error_return;

	/* Get the "struct file *" for the target file */
	tf = fdget(fd);
	if (!tf.file)
		goto error_fput;

	/* The target file descriptor must support poll */
	error = -EPERM;
	if (!file_can_poll(tf.file))
		goto error_tgt_fput;

	/* Check if EPOLLWAKEUP is allowed */
	if (ep_op_has_event(op))
		ep_take_care_of_epollwakeup(&epds);

	/*
	 * We have to check that the file structure underneath the file descriptor
	 * the user passed to us _is_ an eventpoll file. And also we do not permit
	 * adding an epoll file descriptor inside itself.
	 */
	error = -EINVAL;
	if (f.file == tf.file || !is_file_epoll(f.file))
		goto error_tgt_fput;

	/*
	 * epoll adds to the wakeup queue at EPOLL_CTL_ADD time only,
	 * so EPOLLEXCLUSIVE is not allowed for a EPOLL_CTL_MOD operation.
	 * Also, we do not currently supported nested exclusive wakeups.
	 */
	if (ep_op_has_event(op) && (epds.events & EPOLLEXCLUSIVE)) {
		if (op == EPOLL_CTL_MOD)
			goto error_tgt_fput;
		if (op == EPOLL_CTL_ADD && (is_file_epoll(tf.file) ||
				(epds.events & ~EPOLLEXCLUSIVE_OK_BITS)))
			goto error_tgt_fput;
	}

	/*
	 * At this point it is safe to assume that the "private_data" contains
	 * our own data structure.
	 */
	ep = f.file->private_data;

	/*
	 * When we insert an epoll file descriptor, inside another epoll file
	 * descriptor, there is the change of creating closed loops, which are
	 * better be handled here, than in more critical paths. While we are
	 * checking for loops we also determine the list of files reachable
	 * and hang them on the tfile_check_list, so we can check that we
	 * haven't created too many possible wakeup paths.
	 *
	 * We do not need to take the global 'epumutex' on EPOLL_CTL_ADD when
	 * the epoll file descriptor is attaching directly to a wakeup source,
	 * unless the epoll file descriptor is nested. The purpose of taking the
	 * 'epmutex' on add is to prevent complex toplogies such as loops and
	 * deep wakeup paths from forming in parallel through multiple
	 * EPOLL_CTL_ADD operations.
	 */
	mutex_lock_nested(&ep->mtx, 0);
	if (op == EPOLL_CTL_ADD) {
		if (!list_empty(&f.file->f_ep_links) ||
						is_file_epoll(tf.file)) {
			full_check = 1;
			mutex_unlock(&ep->mtx);
			mutex_lock(&epmutex);
			if (is_file_epoll(tf.file)) {
				error = -ELOOP;
				if (ep_loop_check(ep, tf.file) != 0) {
					clear_tfile_check_list();
					goto error_tgt_fput;
				}
			} else
				list_add(&tf.file->f_tfile_llink,
							&tfile_check_list);
			mutex_lock_nested(&ep->mtx, 0);
			if (is_file_epoll(tf.file)) {
				tep = tf.file->private_data;
				mutex_lock_nested(&tep->mtx, 1);
			}
		}
	}

	/*
	 * Try to lookup the file inside our RB tree, Since we grabbed "mtx"
	 * above, we can be sure to be able to use the item looked up by
	 * ep_find() till we release the mutex.
	 */
	epi = ep_find(ep, tf.file, fd);

	error = -EINVAL;
	switch (op) {
	case EPOLL_CTL_ADD:
		if (!epi) {
			epds.events |= EPOLLERR | EPOLLHUP;
			error = ep_insert(ep, &epds, tf.file, fd, full_check);
		} else
			error = -EEXIST;
		if (full_check)
			clear_tfile_check_list();
		break;
	case EPOLL_CTL_DEL:
		if (epi)
			error = ep_remove(ep, epi);
		else
			error = -ENOENT;
		break;
	case EPOLL_CTL_MOD:
		if (epi) {
			if (!(epi->event.events & EPOLLEXCLUSIVE)) {
				epds.events |= EPOLLERR | EPOLLHUP;
				error = ep_modify(ep, epi, &epds);
			}
		} else
			error = -ENOENT;
		break;
	}
	if (tep != NULL)
		mutex_unlock(&tep->mtx);
	mutex_unlock(&ep->mtx);

error_tgt_fput:
	if (full_check)
		mutex_unlock(&epmutex);

	fdput(tf);
error_fput:
	fdput(f);
error_return:

	return error;
}

/*
 * Implement the event wait interface for the eventpoll file. It is the kernel
 * part of the user space epoll_wait(2).
 */
static int do_epoll_wait(int epfd, struct epoll_event __user *events,
			 int maxevents, int timeout)
{
	int error;
	struct fd f;
	struct eventpoll *ep;

	/* The maximum number of event must be greater than zero */
	if (maxevents <= 0 || maxevents > EP_MAX_EVENTS)
		return -EINVAL;

	/* Verify that the area passed by the user is writeable */
	if (!access_ok(VERIFY_WRITE, events, maxevents * sizeof(struct epoll_event)))
		return -EFAULT;

	/* Get the "struct file *" for the eventpoll file */
	f = fdget(epfd);
	if (!f.file)
		return -EBADF;

	/*
	 * We have to check that the file structure underneath the fd
	 * the user passed to us _is_ an eventpoll file.
	 */
	error = -EINVAL;
	if (!is_file_epoll(f.file))
		goto error_fput;

	/*
	 * At this point it is safe to assume that the "private_data" contains
	 * our own data structure.
	 */
	ep = f.file->private_data;

	/* Time to fish for events ... */
	error = ep_poll(ep, events, maxevents, timeout);

error_fput:
	fdput(f);
	return error;
}

SYSCALL_DEFINE4(epoll_wait, int, epfd, struct epoll_event __user *, events,
		int, maxevents, int, timeout)
{
	return do_epoll_wait(epfd, events, maxevents, timeout);
}

/*
 * Implement the event wait interface for the eventpoll file. It is the kernel
 * part of the user space epoll_pwait(2).
 */
SYSCALL_DEFINE6(epoll_pwait, int, epfd, struct epoll_event __user *, events,
		int, maxevents, int, timeout, const sigset_t __user *, sigmask,
		size_t, sigsetsize)
{
	int error;
	sigset_t ksigmask, sigsaved;

	/*
	 * If the caller wants a certain signal mask to be set during the wait,
	 * we apply it here.
	 */
	if (sigmask) {
		if (sigsetsize != sizeof(sigset_t))
			return -EINVAL;
		if (copy_from_user(&ksigmask, sigmask, sizeof(ksigmask)))
			return -EFAULT;
		sigsaved = current->blocked;
		set_current_blocked(&ksigmask);
	}

	error = do_epoll_wait(epfd, events, maxevents, timeout);

	/*
	 * If we changed the signal mask, we need to restore the original one.
	 * In case we've got a signal while waiting, we do not restore the
	 * signal mask yet, and we allow do_signal() to deliver the signal on
	 * the way back to userspace, before the signal mask is restored.
	 */
	if (sigmask) {
		if (error == -EINTR) {
			memcpy(&current->saved_sigmask, &sigsaved,
			       sizeof(sigsaved));
			set_restore_sigmask();
		} else
			set_current_blocked(&sigsaved);
	}

	return error;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
COMPAT_SYSCALL_DEFINE6(epoll_pwait, int, epfd,
			struct epoll_event __user *, events,
			int, maxevents, int, timeout,
			const compat_sigset_t __user *, sigmask,
			compat_size_t, sigsetsize)
{
	long err;
	sigset_t ksigmask, sigsaved;

	/*
	 * If the caller wants a certain signal mask to be set during the wait,
	 * we apply it here.
	 */
	if (sigmask) {
		if (sigsetsize != sizeof(compat_sigset_t))
			return -EINVAL;
		if (get_compat_sigset(&ksigmask, sigmask))
			return -EFAULT;
		sigsaved = current->blocked;
		set_current_blocked(&ksigmask);
	}

	err = do_epoll_wait(epfd, events, maxevents, timeout);

	/*
	 * If we changed the signal mask, we need to restore the original one.
	 * In case we've got a signal while waiting, we do not restore the
	 * signal mask yet, and we allow do_signal() to deliver the signal on
	 * the way back to userspace, before the signal mask is restored.
	 */
	if (sigmask) {
		if (err == -EINTR) {
			memcpy(&current->saved_sigmask, &sigsaved,
			       sizeof(sigsaved));
			set_restore_sigmask();
		} else
			set_current_blocked(&sigsaved);
	}

	return err;
}
#endif

static int __init eventpoll_init(void)
{
	struct sysinfo si;

	si_meminfo(&si);
	/*
	 * Allows top 4% of lomem to be allocated for epoll watches (per user).
	 */
	max_user_watches = (((si.totalram - si.totalhigh) / 25) << PAGE_SHIFT) /
		EP_ITEM_COST;
	BUG_ON(max_user_watches < 0);

	/*
	 * Initialize the structure used to perform epoll file descriptor
	 * inclusion loops checks.
	 */
	ep_nested_calls_init(&poll_loop_ncalls);

#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC
	/* Initialize the structure used to perform safe poll wait head wake ups */
	ep_nested_calls_init(&poll_safewake_ncalls);
#endif

	/*
	 * We can have many thousands of epitems, so prevent this from
	 * using an extra cache line on 64-bit (and smaller) CPUs
	 */
	BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof(void *) <= 8 && sizeof(struct epitem) > 128);

	/* Allocates slab cache used to allocate "struct epitem" items */
	epi_cache = kmem_cache_create("eventpoll_epi", sizeof(struct epitem),
			0, SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN|SLAB_PANIC|SLAB_ACCOUNT, NULL);

	/* Allocates slab cache used to allocate "struct eppoll_entry" */
	pwq_cache = kmem_cache_create("eventpoll_pwq",
		sizeof(struct eppoll_entry), 0, SLAB_PANIC|SLAB_ACCOUNT, NULL);

	return 0;
}
fs_initcall(eventpoll_init);

Linux eventpoll.c 深度解读

eventpoll.c 是 Linux 内核中实现 epoll 机制的核心文件，用于高效管理大量文件描述符（FD）的事件监控。epoll 解决了传统 select/poll 在 FD 数量增长时性能下降的问题，尤其适合高并发场景（如 Web 服务器）。以下是关键分析：

核心数据结构

1. struct eventpoll

   • 作用: 每个 epoll 实例的上下文。

   • 关键成员:

     • rbr: 红黑树根节点，存储所有监控的 FD（epitem），实现 O(log n) 的插入/删除/查找。

     • rdllist: 就绪事件的双向链表，存储已触发事件的 epitem。

     • ovflist: 单链表，临时存放就绪事件（避免在向用户空间传递事件时丢失新事件）。

     • wq: 等待队列，阻塞在 epoll_wait() 的进程在此休眠。

     • mtx: 互斥锁，保护 eventpoll 的并发访问。

2. struct epitem

   • 作用: 代表一个被监控的 FD。

   • 关键成员:

     • rbn: 红黑树节点，用于挂载到 eventpoll->rbr。

     • rdllink: 节点，用于挂载到就绪链表 rdllist。

     • ffd: 包含被监控的 struct file* 和 FD 编号。

     • event: 用户设置的监听事件（EPOLLIN/OUT 等）。

     • pwqlist: 关联的等待队列（如 socket 的等待队列）。

3. struct eppoll_entry

   • 作用: 连接 epitem 与底层文件的等待队列。

   • 机制: 通过 ep_ptable_queue_proc 注册回调函数 ep_poll_callback 到文件的等待队列。

关键机制

1. FD 的添加与删除

   • ep_insert():

     • 创建 epitem，初始化红黑树节点。

     • 调用 ep_item_poll() 检查当前是否有就绪事件（若有则加入 rdllist）。

     • 通过 ep_ptable_queue_proc 向文件的等待队列注册回调。

   • ep_remove():

     • 从红黑树和就绪链表移除 epitem。

     • 调用 ep_unregister_pollwait 移除等待队列的回调。

2. 事件触发与回调

   • ep_poll_callback():

     • 触发条件: 被监控文件发生事件（如 socket 收到数据）。

     • 核心逻辑:

       • 将 epitem 加入 rdllist（若未在链表中）。

       • 唤醒 eventpoll->wq 中的进程（调用 wake_up_locked(&ep->wq)）。

3. 事件收集 (epoll_wait)

   • ep_poll():

     • 若 rdllist 为空，进程在 wq 休眠（可设置超时）。

     • 有事件时调用 ep_send_events() 将就绪事件复制到用户空间。

   • ep_scan_ready_list():

     • 原子地将 rdllist 转移到临时链表。

     • 通过回调（如 ep_send_events_proc）处理事件，避免阻塞整个 epoll。

4. 水平触发 (LT) vs 边缘触发 (ET)

   • LT: 事件未处理完时，epitem 会被重新加入 rdllist（见 ep_send_events_proc）。

   • ET: 仅通知一次，依赖用户一次性处理所有数据。

性能优化

1. 红黑树管理 FD

   • 插入/删除复杂度为 O(log n)，适合海量 FD。

2. 共享就绪链表

   • rdllist 直接存储就绪的 epitem，epoll_wait 返回时无需遍历所有 FD。

3. 避免唤醒风暴

   • 使用 ep_poll_safewake() 和嵌套调用检查（ep_call_nested），防止 epoll 实例嵌套导致的递归唤醒。

4. 零拷贝事件传递

   • ep_send_events_proc 直接拷贝 epoll_event 到用户空间，减少中间开销。

锁机制

1. 自旋锁 wq.lock

   • 保护 rdllist/ovflist，在中断上下文中使用（如 ep_poll_callback）。

2. 互斥锁 mtx

   • 保护整个 eventpoll（如红黑树修改）。

3. 全局锁 epmutex

   • 防止 epoll 实例间的循环嵌套（通过 ep_loop_check() 检测拓扑）。

关键代码路径

graph TD
    A[epoll_create] --> B[创建 eventpoll]
    C[epoll_ctl ADD] --> D[ep_insert]
    D --> E[注册回调到文件等待队列]
    F[文件事件发生] --> G[ep_poll_callback]
    G --> H[添加 epitem 到 rdllist]
    G --> I[唤醒 eventpoll->wq]
    J[epoll_wait] --> K[ep_poll]
    K --> L{rdllist 非空?}
    L -->|是| M[ep_send_events]
    L -->|否| N[休眠]

使用约束

1. FD 数量限制

   • max_user_watches 限制每个用户的 epoll 监控数（通过 /proc/sys/fs/epoll/max_user_watches 配置）。

2. 嵌套检测

   • ep_loop_check() 确保无循环嵌套（避免死锁）。

总结

eventpoll.c 的核心创新在于：

1. 高效数据结构：红黑树管理海量 FD，就绪链表加速事件获取。

2. 回调驱动：避免轮询，仅在事件发生时激活处理流程。

3. 精细锁机制：平衡性能与并发安全。

epoll 的高效性源于其“事件驱动”的本质，尤其适合现代高并发网络应用，是 Linux 作为高性能服务器操作系统的基石之一。

是的，io_uring 是 Linux 内核原生实现的异步 I/O 框架，其核心逻辑完全运行在内核态。以下是其实现的关键细节：

⚙️ 1. 核心实现位置

• 源码文件：
  主要位于内核源码树的 fs/io_uring.c 文件中79。该文件定义了 io_uring 的所有核心逻辑，包括：

  • 系统调用入口（io_uring_setup、io_uring_enter、io_uring_register）

  • 任务调度、队列管理、回调机制

  • 与底层驱动（如文件系统、网络栈）的交互接口

💡 2. 用户空间与内核的协作

• 共享内存环形队列：
  io_uring 通过 共享内存环形队列（SQ 提交队列和 CQ 完成队列） 实现用户态与内核态的高效通信。用户程序通过 mmap 映射队列内存，无需系统调用即可提交任务或获取结果79。

• 内核线程辅助（可选）：
  若启用 IORING_SETUP_SQPOLL 模式，内核会创建专用线程轮询提交队列，进一步避免系统调用37。

🔍 3. 与传统异步 I/O 的对比

• 零拷贝与无锁设计：
  通过共享内存和原子操作实现任务提交与结果返回，避免了传统 AIO 的数据拷贝和锁竞争9。

• 功能扩展性：
  支持 61 种以上操作类型（文件读写、网络连接、epoll 控制等），远超传统 AIO 的局限10。

• 性能优势：
  在高并发场景下，吞吐量比 epoll 提升 30% 以上，延迟降低 50%46。

📌 4. 内核版本依赖

• 最低要求：Linux 5.1+（基础功能）57。

• 推荐版本：

  • Linux 6.x：支持完整特性（如零拷贝接收、动态缓冲区调整）56。

  • Linux 5.10/5.15 LTS：适用于保守升级场景，但缺少 6.x 的优化5。

⚠️ 5. 安全与生态支持

• 安全风险：早期版本存在漏洞（如 rootkit 植入风险），需升级到 6.x 并配合 SELinux 等模块防护10。

• 应用生态：
  已被 PostgreSQL、Libuv、Nginx 等主流项目集成，用于替代线程池或 epoll，显著提升 I/O 性能34。

💎 总结

io_uring 是 Linux 内核原生支持的异步 I/O 框架，通过共享内存环形队列和内核线程协作，实现高性能、低延迟的 I/O 操作。其核心代码在 fs/io_uring.c，需 Linux 5.1+ 内核支持，推荐使用 6.x 版本以获得完整功能与安全修复。

在万级并发连接（1万~10万连接）的场景下，epoll、select和poll的性能差异依然显著，但具体表现取决于活跃连接比例和使用模式。以下是关键分析：

一、性能对比核心因素

二、万级并发场景性能差异

1. 低活跃连接比例（<10%）

• 示例：10,000连接中，仅100个活跃（如IM聊天服务）

• 性能表现：

  • epoll：
    仅处理100个就绪事件，性能接近O(1)，CPU占用低。

  • select/poll：
    需遍历10,000个fd，O(n)开销显著（尤其当n=10,000时）。

• 实测差距：
  epoll 吞吐量可达 select/poll 的 5~10倍，延迟降低 60%~80%。

2. 高活跃连接比例（>50%）

• 示例：10,000连接中，5,000个同时活跃（如直播推流）

• 性能表现：

  • epoll：
    仍需处理5,000个事件，优势缩小（但仍避免全量遍历）。

  • select/poll：
    遍历开销与epoll处理就绪事件的差距减小。

• 实测差距：
  epoll 吞吐量仍领先 1.5~3倍，主要优势在内核拷贝开销（epoll无重复拷贝）。

三、性能瓶颈具体分析

1. select/poll 在万级连接的瓶颈

c

// select 每次调用需遍历所有fd
fd_set read_fds;
while (1) {
    FD_ZERO(&read_fds);
    for (int i=0; i<10000; i++) {  // O(n)遍历！
        FD_SET(fds[i], &read_fds);
    }
    select(max_fd+1, &read_fds, NULL, NULL, NULL); // 内核再次遍历
    for (int i=0; i<10000; i++) {  // O(n)二次遍历！
        if (FD_ISSET(fds[i], &read_fds)) {
            // 处理事件
        }
    }
}

• 问题：
  用户空间 + 内核空间总计 2次O(n)遍历，当n=10,000时，单次循环可能消耗 数百微秒。

2. epoll 的优化

c

int epfd = epoll_create();
for (int i=0; i<10000; i++) {  // 仅初始化时注册一次
    epoll_ctl(epfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, fds[i], &ev);
}
while (1) {
    int nready = epoll_wait(epfd, events, MAX_EVENTS, -1); // O(1)获取就绪事件
    for (int i=0; i<nready; i++) {  // 仅遍历活跃连接！
        // 处理events[i]
    }
}

• 优势：
  内核通过回调维护就绪队列，epoll_wait直接返回活跃事件，处理复杂度 O(m)（m=活跃数）。

四、实测数据参考（10,000并发连接）

测试环境：Linux 5.4, Xeon 4核, 10,000 TCP连接, 5%活跃比
数据来源：libevent Benchmark

五、何时选择 select/poll？

在万级连接下，仅在以下场景考虑 select/poll：

1. 连接数极低（<1,000）且跨平台需求强（Windows兼容）

2. 活跃连接比例超高（>80%）且代码简单优先

3. 嵌入式系统 无epoll支持（如旧内核）

结论

在万级并发连接下：

1. 低活跃比场景：
   epoll 性能碾压 select/poll（5~10倍优势），必选。

2. 高活跃比场景：
   epoll 仍有 1.5~3倍优势，尤其ET模式可进一步降低延迟。

3. 临界点：
   当连接数超过 1,000~2,000 时，epoll 优势开始显现；
   达到 5,000+ 时，select/poll 性能急剧下降。

💡 实际建议：现代网络服务即使仅需处理数千连接，也应优先使用 epoll（或更高级的 io_uring），避免未来扩展时的重构成本。

epoll 是 Linux 内核中实现的高效 I/O 事件通知机制，其核心设计目标是处理海量并发连接（如 C10K 问题）。以下是其关键实现原理：

一、核心数据结构

1. struct eventpoll
   每个 epoll 实例（通过 epoll_create 创建）对应一个 eventpoll 对象，包含：

   • 红黑树 (rbr)：存储所有被监听的 fd（epitem 节点），实现 O(log n) 的增删改查。

   • 就绪链表 (rdllist)：存放已触发事件的 fd（epitem 链表），供 epoll_wait 读取。

   • 等待队列 (wq)：存放因调用 epoll_wait 而阻塞的进程。

2. struct epitem
   代表一个被监听的 fd，包含：

   • 监听的 fd 和文件指针（struct file *）。

   • 关注的事件（events）及就绪事件（revents）。

   • 红黑树节点（链接到 eventpoll.rbr）。

   • 就绪链表节点（链接到 eventpoll.rdllist）。

二、核心流程

1. 注册监听 (epoll_ctl(EPOLL_CTL_ADD))

• 在红黑树中创建 epitem 节点，关联目标 fd。

• 向目标 fd 的等待队列注册回调函数 ep_poll_callback。

c

// 伪代码：向设备驱动注册回调
file->f_op->poll(file, &epq.pt); // 调用底层驱动的 poll 方法

2. 事件触发回调 (ep_poll_callback)

• 当 fd 发生 I/O 事件（如 socket 可读）时，设备驱动调用该回调函数。

• 回调函数将对应的 epitem 加入 eventpoll 的就绪链表 (rdllist)。

• 唤醒阻塞在 epoll_wait 的进程（通过 eventpoll.wq）。

3. 收集就绪事件 (epoll_wait)

• 检查就绪链表 rdllist：

  • 若链表非空，立即返回就绪事件。

  • 若为空，进程阻塞在等待队列 wq 上（超时参数可控）。

• 返回前将就绪事件复制到用户空间，并清空 rdllist（ET 模式需手动处理）。

三、高效性设计

1. 红黑树管理 fd
   增删改查复杂度 O(log n)，适合管理海量 fd（对比 select/poll 的 O(n) 遍历）。

2. 就绪事件 O(1) 获取
   内核通过回调直接填充就绪链表，epoll_wait 只需读取链表，无需扫描所有 fd。

3. 共享内存优化
   内核通过 mmap 将就绪事件直接映射到用户空间（可选），减少数据拷贝。

4. 边缘触发 (ET) 模式
   事件仅通知一次，避免重复触发，减少无效唤醒（需用户代码一次性处理完数据）。

四、与底层驱动的协作

• 当用户调用 epoll_ctl 时，内核通过文件操作的 poll 方法（如 tcp_poll、sock_poll）向设备驱动注册回调。

• 驱动在 I/O 就绪时（如网卡收到数据包）调用回调 ep_poll_callback，将事件加入就绪队列。

graph LR
  A[epoll_ctl ADD] --> B[向红黑树插入 epitem]
  B --> C[向驱动注册 ep_poll_callback]
  D[硬件事件发生] --> E[驱动调用 ep_poll_callback]
  E --> F[epitem 加入就绪链表 rdllist]
  F --> G[唤醒 epoll_wait 进程]

五、源码位置（Linux 内核）

• 核心文件: fs/eventpoll.c

• 关键函数:

  • epoll_create()：创建 eventpoll 实例。

  • epoll_ctl()：操作红黑树（增删改 epitem）。

  • epoll_wait()：收集就绪事件并返回。

  • ep_poll_callback()：事件触发时的回调入口。

• 数据结构：include/linux/eventpoll.h

总结

epoll 通过 红黑树 + 就绪链表 + 回调机制 实现高效事件管理：

1. 红黑树：管理海量 fd，高效增删。

2. 就绪链表：O(1) 获取活跃事件。

3. 回调驱动：避免轮询，事件触发即时通知。

这种设计使其在处理百万级并发连接时，性能远超 select/poll，成为高性能网络框架（如 Nginx、Redis）的核心基础。

在Debian 8.10（代号Jessie）所使用的Linux内核中，epoll的实现源码位于内核源代码树的 fs/eventpoll.c 文件中。以下是相关细节的说明：

1. 核心实现文件

• fs/eventpoll.c：
  该文件包含了epoll的核心逻辑，包括：

  • 关键系统调用的实现：epoll_create()、epoll_ctl()、epoll_wait()168。

  • 数据结构定义：如管理事件监听的 struct eventpoll 和表示单个监听项的 struct epitem68。

  • 事件回调机制（例如 ep_poll_callback），用于在I/O事件就绪时触发通知8。

2. 关键数据结构

• struct eventpoll：
  每个epoll实例的核心结构，包含：

  • 红黑树根节点（rbr）：存储所有监听的fd（epitem），实现高效查找（O(log n)）368。

  • 就绪链表（rdllist）：存放已触发事件的fd，供epoll_wait()读取38。

  • 等待队列（wq）：用于epoll_wait()的阻塞等待8。

• struct epitem：
  代表一个被监听的fd，同时作为红黑树节点和就绪链表的节点，包含fd、事件掩码（event）等36。

3. Debian 8.10的内核版本

• Debian 8.10默认使用 Linux 3.16.x 内核系列（具体版本如3.16.7）68。
  fs/eventpoll.c 在该版本中已稳定存在，其路径与更新内核（如5.5）一致，因此无需担心版本差异。

4. 其他相关文件

• 头文件：数据结构定义可能依赖 include/linux/eventpoll.h 等头文件6。

• 系统调用注册：epoll的系统调用入口通常在 kernel/sys_ni.c 或架构相关文件中声明，但核心逻辑仍集中在eventpoll.c6。

5. 验证方式

• 查看Debian内核源码包：
  安装 linux-source-3.16 包，解压后可在 linux-source-3.16/fs/eventpoll.c 找到源码。

• 在线代码库：
  如 Linux Kernel Cross Reference 直接浏览对应版本。

总结：

Debian 8.10的epoll实现完整位于 fs/eventpoll.c，依赖红黑树管理监听fd、双向链表维护就绪事件，并通过回调机制实现高效事件分发168。
若需深入分析，建议结合内核源码中的函数（如 ep_insert()、ep_send_events()）和数据结构定义展开。

相关链接：

Linux内核中的epoll机制及其与sock_poll的关联-CSDN博客

https://blog.csdn.net/eidolon_foot/article/details/150103356