Linux打包 | 压缩

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find(文件/目录查找命令)

根据预设的条件递归查找文件或目录所在位置

[root@cocalhost ~]# find /var/log/ -type f

[root@cocalhost ~]# find /var/log/ -type d

[root@cocalhost ~]# find /etc/ -type l

[root@cocalhost ~]# find /etc/ -name passwd
/etc/pam.d/passwd
/etc/passwd

[root@cocalhost ~]# find /etc/ -name passwd -type f
/etc/pam.d/passwd
/etc/passwd

[root@cocalhost ~]# find /etc/ -name '*tab' -type f   #以任意开头，但以tab结尾
/etc/fstab
/etc/crypttab
/etc/anacrontab
/etc/crontab
/etc/inittab
/etc/rwtab
/etc/statetab
[root@cocalhost ~]# 

[root@cocalhost ~]# find /etc/ -name 'pass*' -type f3

[root@cocalhost etc]# find . -name '*.conf' -type f
#查找当前路径下，任意开头，但以.conf结尾的，文件

[root@cocalhost etc]# find /etc/ -iname FSTAB -type f
/etc/fstab

#ls只在一层目录查找
[root@cocalhost etc]# ls /etc '*.conf' -type f

#find查找包含所有子目录
[root@cocalhost etc]# find /etc '*.conf' -type f

[root@cocalhost etc]# find /var/log/ -size +10k -type f   #查看大于10K文件
[root@cocalhost etc]# du -h /var/log/messages
1.4M	/var/log/messages

[root@cocalhost etc]# find /var/log/ -size -10k -type f


[root@cocalhost tmp]# find /var/log/ -size  +10k -a -size -20k -type f		#必须
[root@cocalhost tmp]# du -h /var/log/cron-20220328
12K	/var/log/cron-20220328

[root@cocalhost tmp]# find /var/log/ -size  +10k -o -size -100k -type f		#或者

[root@cocalhost tmp]# find /root -user root
#查找所有root用户的文件或目录
[root@cocalhost tmp]# find /home -user user01 -type f
#查找所有user01用户的文件

[root@cocalhost tmp]# find /var/log -mtime +10 -type f
[root@cocalhost tmp]# ll /var/log/spooler-20220323
-rw-------. 1 root root 0 3月  15 18:10 /var/log/spooler-20220323

[root@cocalhost tmp]# find /var/log -mtime -30 -type f -exec cp {} /tmp  \;

[root@cocalhost tmp]# find /var/log -mtime +30 -type f -exec rm -rf {} \;

压缩与解压缩(压缩单文件)

(源文件消失)

#gzip(速度快，内存大)
[root@cocalhost tmp]# gzip services 
[root@cocalhost tmp]# ll -h
total 136K
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 133K 3月  29 18:47 services.gz
[root@cocalhost tmp]# gzip -d services.gz 
[root@cocalhost tmp]# zcat services.gz 

#bzip2(速度中等，内存中等)
[root@cocalhost tmp]# bzip2 services 
[root@cocalhost tmp]# bzcat services.bz2 
[root@cocalhost tmp]# bzip2 -d services.bz2
 
#xz(速度慢，内存小)
[root@cocalhost tmp]# xz services 
[root@cocalhost tmp]# xzcat services.xz 
[root@cocalhost tmp]# xz -d services.xz 

tar(打包目录/文件)

(源文件不消失)

[root@cocalhost tmp]# tar [option] 被压缩文件 压缩包名字

[root@cocalhost tmp]# tar -czf xxx.tar.gz /etc/passwd /etc/fstab /home/
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
[root@cocalhost tmp]# ls
services  xxx.tar.gz
[root@cocalhost tmp]# tar -tf xxx.tar.gz    #列出打包文档内容
[root@cocalhost tmp]# tar -xf xxx.tar.gz -C /media   #解压缩到指定路径
[root@cocalhost tmp]# tar -cJf xxx.tar.xz  /etc/hostname /etc/services /home/
[root@cocalhost tmp]# tar -vxf xxx.tar.xz -C /tmp   #解压显示详细信息

du统计文件/目录大小

统计磁盘目录或文件大小

[root@cocalhost ~]# du -h /etc/services 
656K	/etc/services

[root@cocalhost ~]# du -s /etc/services 
656	/etc/services

[root@cocalhost ~]# ls -lhd /etc/services 
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 655K 6月   7 2013 /etc/services