在大家学完C语言后，经常会被学校要求做很多管理系统，
主流做法当选链表，但是很多问题就来了，在学习阶段写过
最多基本上就是50行代码左右了，一下子做个小型管理系统
问题就比较多。小编当然也是在学完初阶C语言之后过了半年
才完整做出来。所以分享一下经验。
1：首先数据结构：链表要会，而且要熟练掌握其增删查改；
2：调试代码要会，很多代码一行一行的看到最后真的是很让人头大，
不会调试和监控变量是个很痛苦的过程，就算写出来bug多到炸也是
很繁琐的；
3：最关键的就是这个框架问题了，如果框架不好，这个代码量
会数倍上升，最后就是很多重叠的语句，很不美观，并且代码质量
不是很好,在写系统之前一定要多看点小型管理系统的代码
，主要是学习框架如何建立，然后再根据自己的系统情况进行改进。
首先我们来看头文件，先将能够用到的头文件一一罗列出来创建在
common.h文件里面。
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#define Space 1000
#include<stdio.h>
#include<Windows.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<assert.h>//断言
#include<stdbool.h>
#include<string.h>
将定义宏等包含进去。
其次就是这个框架了
#include"system.h"
int main()
{
CycleList myCycleList;
CycleListInit(&myCycleList);
int input = 0;
do
{
menu();
printf("请选择->");
scanf("%d", &input);
switch (input)
{
case 1:
system("cls");
LoginCycle(&myCycleList);
break;
case 0:
system("cls");
printf("自行车管理系统已经退出\n");
break;
case 2:
system("cls");
SearchCycle(&myCycleList);
break;
case 3:
system("cls");
ChangeCycle(&myCycleList);
break;
case 4:
system("cls");
PickUpCycle(&myCycleList);
_flushall();
FileWrite(&myCycleList);
_flushall();
break;
case 5:
system("cls");
PrintResSpace(&myCycleList);
break;
default:
system("cls");
printf("输入有误请重新选择\n");
break;
}
} while (input);
system("pause");
return 0;
}
再看各个功能的实现
为了避免函数代码在一个文件里面十分的繁琐，可以先创建一个.h文件将函数名和节点定义放进去，看代码。
#include"common.h"
typedef struct Time
{
int year;
int month;
int day;
int hour;
}Time;
typedef struct Cycle
{
char CycleHoster[20];//自行车主名字
int Sex;
int Age;
char IDcard[18];//身份证号
Time partingTime; //存放时间
int number;//自行车车位号
struct Cycle* next;
}CycleNode;
typedef struct CycleList
{
CycleNode *first;
CycleNode *last;
size_t space;
}CycleList;
void menu();
void LoginCycle(CycleList *plist);//登记自行车函数
bool SearchCycle(CycleList* myBycycleList);//按照车位号查询自行车
void ChangeCycle(CycleList* myBycycleList);
void PickUpCycle(CycleList* myBycycleList);
void PrintResSpace(CycleList* myBycycleList);
void CycleListInit(CycleList *plist);
CycleNode*_Buynode(char* p, int sex, int age, char* number, int Pnumber, int year, int month, int day, int hour);
bool CycleListIsFull(CycleList *plist);
CycleNode* SearchCycle1(CycleList* myBycycleList);
void FileWrite(CycleList* myBycycleList);
void DeleteCyNode(CycleList* myBycycleList,int key);
最后就是代码函数功能的实现了。
#include"system.h"
void menu()
{
system("color 4");
printf(" *********************************************************************** \n");
printf(" ************************欢迎使用自行车存放管理系统******************************* \n");
printf("| 自行车停车收费标准2元一小时 |\n");
printf("|\t1.--登记自行车停放位信息 |\n");
printf("|\t2.--查询自行车停车位信息 |\n");
printf("|\t3.--修改自行车信息 |\n");
printf("|\t4.--用户取车管理 |\n");
printf("|\t5.--显示当前空余自行车位信息 |\n");
printf("|\t0.--退出自行车管理系统 |\n");
printf("| |\n");
printf("|*******************************************************************************|\n");
printf("|********************>>>>杨天喆-计科（02）班-20190101134<<<<********************|\n");
printf("|*******************************************************************************|\n\n");
}
void LoginCycle(CycleList *plist)
{
if (!CycleListIsFull(plist))
{
char name[20];
int age;
int sex;
char IDcard[18];
int hour;
int Number;
int year;
int month;
int day;
printf("请输入自行车主姓名\n");
scanf("%s",name);
_flushall();
printf("请输入性别(0代表男，1代表女)");
scanf("%d", &sex);
printf("请输入车主年龄");
scanf("%d", &age);
printf("请输入身份证号");
scanf("%s", IDcard);
_flushall();
printf("请输入停车时间(年，月，日，时)");
scanf("%d,%d,%d,%d",&year,&month,&day,&hour);
printf("请输入要停的位号(位号为1到2000)");
scanf("%d", &Number);
plist->space++;
plist->last->next = _Buynode(name, sex, age, IDcard, Number,year,month,day,hour);
plist->last = _Buynode(name, sex, age, IDcard, Number, year, month, day, hour);
FILE *fp = fopen("Test.txt", "a");
fprintf(fp, "%s %d %d %s %d %d %d %d %d %d\n", name,age,sex,IDcard,hour,Number,year,month,day,hour);
fclose(fp);
printf("登记成功\n");
printf("\n");
}
else
{
printf("自行车位已满，不能继续停车");
}
}
CycleNode* _Buynode(char* p, int sex, int age, char* number, int Pnumber, int year, int month, int day, int hour)
{
CycleNode *s = (CycleNode*)malloc(sizeof(CycleNode));
size_t sz = strlen(p)+1;
size_t sz1 = strlen(number)+1;
if (s == NULL)
return NULL;
else
{
memcpy(s->CycleHoster,p,sz);
s->Age = age;
s->Sex = sex;
s->partingTime.year = year;
s->partingTime.month = month;
s->partingTime.hour = hour;
s->partingTime.day = day;
memcpy(s->IDcard,number,sz1);
s->number = Pnumber;
s->next = NULL;
return s;
}
}
void CycleListInit(CycleList *plist)
{
char qname[20] = "姓名初始化";
char qnumber[18] = "身份证初始化";
CycleNode* p = _Buynode(qname, 0, 0, qnumber, 0, 0,0,0,0);
plist->first = plist->last = p;
plist->space = 0;
}
bool CycleListIsFull(CycleList *plist)
{
if (plist->space > Space)
return true;
return false;
}
bool SearchCycle(CycleList* myBycycleList)
{
int num;
printf(" 查询客房信息\n");
printf("请输入要查询自行车位号:\n");
scanf("%d", &num);
CycleNode* p = myBycycleList->first->next;
while ((p) != NULL)
{
if (p->number == num)
{
printf("车主姓名：%s\n", p->CycleHoster);
(p)->Sex == 0 ? printf("男") : printf("女");
printf("车主年龄 %d\n", p->Age);
printf("车主的身份证号为%s \n", p->IDcard);
printf("停车时间是 %d 年 %d 月 %d 日 %d时\n", p->partingTime.year,p->partingTime.month,p->partingTime.day,p->partingTime.hour);
printf("停车位号为%d \n", p->number);
printf("查询成功\n");
printf("\n");
return true;
}
p = p->next;
}
system("cls");
printf("查询失败,此车位还未被停车\n");
return false;
}
void ChangeCycle(CycleList* myBycycleList)
{
int num;
int temp;
char Name[20];
char Number[18];
size_t sz1;
size_t sz2;
FILE *fp = fopen("Test.txt", "wt");
int SEX;
int AGE;
printf("请输入你要更改的信息的自行车位号\n");
scanf("%d", &num);
CycleNode *p = myBycycleList->first;
while (p != NULL)
{
if (p->number == num)
{
printf("您所查询的信息如下\n");
SearchCycle(myBycycleList);
printf("请输入你要更改的信息\n");
printf("1:更改姓名\n");
printf("2:更改性别\n");
printf("3:更改年龄\n");
printf("4:更改身份证号\n");
scanf("%d", &temp);
switch (temp)
{
case 1:
_flushall();
printf("请输入新的姓名\n");
scanf("%s", Name);
_flushall();
sz1 = strlen(Name)+1;
memcpy(p->CycleHoster, Name, sz1);
printf("更改成功，返回主菜单");
printf("\n");
return;
case 2:
printf("请输入性别：（0代表男）\n");
scanf("%d", &SEX);
p->Sex = num;
printf("更改成功，返回主菜单");
printf("\n");
return;
case 3:
printf("请输入年龄\n");
scanf("%d", &AGE);
p->Age = AGE;
printf("更改成功，返回主菜单");
printf("\n");
return;
case 4:
printf("请输入身份证号\n");
scanf("%s", Number);
_flushall();
sz2 = strlen(Number)+1;
memcpy(p->IDcard, Number, sz2);
printf("更改成功，返回主菜单");
printf("\n");
return;
default:
printf("输入有误,返回主菜单\n");
return;
}
}
p = p->next;
}
if(p == NULL)
{
printf("输入有误，返回主菜单");
printf("\n");
}
fclose(fp);
}
void PickUpCycle(CycleList* myBycycleList)//取车
{
int Year;
int Month;
int Day;
int Hour;
int FEE;
CycleNode*p = SearchCycle1(myBycycleList);
CycleNode* q = p->next;
assert(p != NULL);
printf("请输入取车（年，月，日，时）");
scanf("%d,%d,%d,%d", &Year, &Month, &Day, &Hour);
printf("您存车的时间是 %d年 %d月 %d日 %d时", (*p).partingTime.year, (*p).partingTime.month, (*p).partingTime.day, (*p).partingTime.hour);
FEE = (((Year - (*p).partingTime.year) * 365 * 24 + (Month - (*p).partingTime.month) * 30 + (Day - (*p).partingTime.day) * 24 + (Hour - (*p).partingTime.hour)))*2;
printf("您需要缴纳的费用为%d\n\n", FEE);
DeleteCyNode(myBycycleList, p->number);
printf("取车成功,返回主菜单\n");
printf("\n");
}
CycleNode* SearchCycle1(CycleList* myBycycleList)
{
int num;
printf("请输入要查询自行车位号:\n");
scanf("%d", &num);
CycleNode* p = myBycycleList->first;
while (p != NULL)
{
if (p->number == num)
{
return p;
}
p = p->next;
}
return NULL;
}
void PrintResSpace(CycleList* myBycycleList)
{
printf("=============查询剩余车位===================\n");
CycleNode* p = myBycycleList->first->next;
assert(p != NULL);
while (p != NULL)
{
printf("当前使用中的车位号是 %d\n", p->number);
p = p->next;
}
printf("剩余车位数为: %zu \n",Space - myBycycleList->space);
printf("=============================================\n");
}
void FileWrite(CycleList* myBycycleList)
{
FILE *fp = fopen("Test.txt", "w");
CycleNode *p = myBycycleList->first;
assert(p != NULL);
while (p != NULL)
{
fprintf("%s %d %d %s %d %d %d %d %d ",p->CycleHoster, p->Age,p->Sex,p->IDcard,p->number,p->partingTime.year,p->partingTime.month,p->partingTime.day, p->partingTime.hour);
p = p->next;
}
fclose(fp);
}
void DeleteCyNode(CycleList* myBycycleList, int key)
{
CycleNode *s;//q
CycleNode *t = myBycycleList->first;//p
while (t->next != NULL && t->next->number != key)
t = t->next;
if (t->next == NULL)
return;
s = t->next;
if (t->next == myBycycleList->last)
myBycycleList->last = t;
t->next = s->next;
free(t);
myBycycleList->space--;
return;
}
实际上用C写出来的这种系统只能说是应付学校检测，实际上没有人愿意用这种系统，操作性不好，界面不美观，鲁棒性也不好，但是C真的是基础编程学科，掌握这些方法的底层实现有助于很多其他编程语言的学习，所以，底层的方法我们还是要学一学。
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