CLI举例：通过URL分类控制用户访问的网站

华为CLI举例：通过URL分类控制用户访问的网站

配置基于URL分类的URL过滤功能，可以实现对用户访问的某一类网站的控制。既可以是FW自带的预定义分类，也可以是管理员配置的自定义分类。

组网需求

如图1所示，FW作为企业网关部署在网络边界，对用户访问外部网络的HTTP请求进行URL过滤。

公司有研发部门员工和市场部门员工两类，具体需求如下：

• 研发部门员工只可以在每天的09：00～17：00访问教育/科学类、搜索/门户类网站。其他网站均不能访问。
• 市场部门员工只可以在每天的09：00～17：00访问教育/科学类、搜索/门户类、社会焦点类网站和一个特定的URL（www.example.com/news）和域名（www.example.net）。其他网站均不能访问。

图1 通过URL分类控制用户访问的网站
 

配置思路

1. 配置接口IP地址和安全区域，完成网络基本参数配置。
2. 配置远程查询服务器，用来获取URL与预定义分类的对应关系。本例中教育/科学类、搜索/门户类、社会焦点类网站可以通过预定义分类来进行URL过滤控制。为了可以正常使用远程查询功能，需要如下配置：
   1. 激活License并且确保该License在有效服务期内。
   2. 加载URL远程查询组件包。
   3. 配置DNS服务器，确保FW可以正确解析sec.huawei.com。
   4. 配置远程查询服务器的相关参数，包括查询方式、国家名称和超时时间。

   5. 配置安全策略并引用自定义服务，允许FW访问调度中心sec.huawei.com。其中自定义服务中需包含：

      • TCP协议：目的端口为443（与调度中心sec.huawei.com进行交互）
      • TCP协议：目的端口为12612（与调度服务器进行交互）
      • UDP协议：目的端口为12600（与查询服务器进行交互）
3. 配置自定义分类url_userdefine_category，将www.example.com/news加入自定义URL中，将www.example.net加入自定义域名中。
4. 针对研发部门员工和市场部门员工，新建两个URL过滤配置文件profile_url_research和profile_url_marketing，设置URL自定义分类和预定义分类的控制动作。

5. 配置时间段和用户组。

6. 配置两个安全策略，引用时间段、用户组、URL过滤配置文件等信息，实现针对不同用户组和不同时间段的URL访问控制。

操作步骤

1. 配置接口IP地址和安全区域，完成网络基本参数配置。

   配置GigabitEthernet 1/0/1接口IP地址，将接口加入untrust域。
   
   
   <FW> system-view
   [FW] interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/1
   [FW-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] ip address 1.1.1.1 24
   [FW-GigabitEthernet1/0/1] quit
   [FW] firewall zone untrust
   [FW-zone-untrust] add interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/1
   [FW-zone-untrust] quit
   
   
   配置GigabitEthernet 1/0/3接口IP地址，将接口加入trust域。
   
   
   [FW] interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/3
   [FW-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] ip address 10.3.0.1 24
   [FW-GigabitEthernet1/0/3] quit
   [FW] firewall zone trust
   [FW-zone-trust] add interface GigabitEthernet 1/0/3
   [FW-zone-trust] quit

2. 配置远程查询服务器，用来获取URL与预定义分类的对应关系。

   ​
   激活License并且确保该License在有效服务期内。具体配置请参见License管理。
   加载URL远程查询组件包。具体配置请参见系统更新。
   配置DNS服务器。
   [FW] dns resolve
   [FW] dns server 10.2.0.70
   配置远程查询服务器的相关参数，包括查询方式、国家名称和超时时间。
   [FW] country CN
   [FW] url-filter query timeout time 3 action allow
   配置自定义服务。
   [FW] ip service-set service_sec_huawei_com type object
   [FW-object-service-set-service_sec_huawei_com] service protocol TCP source-port 0 to 65535 destination-port 443
   [FW-object-service-set-service_sec_huawei_com] service protocol TCP source-port 0 to 65535 destination-port 12612
   [FW-object-service-set-service_sec_huawei_com] service protocol UDP source-port 0 to 65535 destination-port 12600
   [FW-object-service-set-service_sec_huawei_com] quit
   配置安全策略，引用自定义服务，允许FW访问调度中心。
   [FW] security-policy
   [FW-policy-security] rule name policy_sec_huawei_com
   [FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_huawei_com] source-zone local
   [FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_huawei_com] destination-zone untrust
   [FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_huawei_com] service service_sec_huawei_com
   [FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_huawei_com] action permit
   [FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_huawei_com] quit
   [FW-policy-security] quit
   ​

3. 配置URL自定义分类。

   [FW] url-filter category user-defined name url_userdefine_category
   [FW-cate-user-defined-url_userdefine_category] description url userdefine category of access control for marketing.
   [FW-cate-user-defined-url_userdefine_category] add url www.example.com/news
   [FW-cate-user-defined-url_userdefine_category] add host www.example.net
   [FW-cate-user-defined-url_userdefine_category] quit

4. 配置URL过滤配置文件。

   通过display url-filter category pre-defined命令，可以查询到如下预定义分类和ID的对应关系。
   
   17：教育/科学类（Education/Science）
   15：搜索/门户类（Search Engines/Portals）
   5：社会焦点类（Social Focus）
   
   
   为研发部门配置URL过滤配置文件。
   
   
   [FW] profile type url-filter name profile_url_research 
   [FW-profile-url-filter-profile_url_research] description URL filter profile of web access control for research.
   [FW-profile-url-filter-profile_url_research] category user-defined action block
   [FW-profile-url-filter-profile_url_research] category pre-defined action block
   [FW-profile-url-filter-profile_url_research] category pre-defined category-id 15 action allow
   [FW-profile-url-filter-profile_url_research] category pre-defined category-id 17 action allow
   [FW-profile-url-filter-profile_url_research] quit
   
   
   为市场部门配置URL过滤配置文件。
   
   
   [FW] profile type url-filter name profile_url_marketing 
   [FW-profile-url-filter-profile_url_marketing] description URL filter profile of web access control for marketing.
   [FW-profile-url-filter-profile_url_marketing] category user-defined action block
   [FW-profile-url-filter-profile_url_marketing] category pre-defined action block
   [FW-profile-url-filter-profile_url_marketing] category pre-defined category-id 5 action allow
   [FW-profile-url-filter-profile_url_marketing] category pre-defined category-id 15 action allow
   [FW-profile-url-filter-profile_url_marketing] category pre-defined category-id 17 action allow
   [FW-profile-url-filter-profile_url_marketing] category user-defined name url_userdefine_category action allow
   [FW-profile-url-filter-profile_url_marketing] quit

5. 配置时间段。

   [FW] time-range time_range
   [FW-time-range-time_range] period-range 09:00:00 to 17:00:00 daily
   [FW-time-range-time_range] quit

6. 在安全策略中应用URL过滤配置文件。

   本例中引用到的用户组research（研发部门员工）和用户组marketing（市场部门员工）假设已经创建完成。
   
   
   
   为研发部门配置安全策略。
   
   
   [FW] security-policy
   [FW-policy-security] rule name policy_sec_research
   [FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_research] description Security policy of web access protect for research.
   [FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_research] source-zone trust
   [FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_research] destination-zone untrust
   [FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_research] source-address 10.3.0.0 mask 255.255.255.0
   [FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_research] user user-group /default/research
   [FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_research] time-range time_range
   [FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_research] action permit
   [FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_research] profile url-filter profile_url_research
   [FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_research] quit
   
   
   为市场部门配置安全策略。
   
   
   [FW-policy-security] rule name policy_sec_marketing
   [FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_marketing] description Security policy of web access protect for marketing.
   [FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_marketing] source-zone trust
   [FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_marketing] destination-zone untrust
   [FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_marketing] source-address 10.3.0.0 mask 255.255.255.0
   [FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_marketing] user user-group /default/marketing
   [FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_marketing] time-range time_range
   [FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_marketing] action permit
   [FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_marketing] profile url-filter profile_url_marketing
   [FW-policy-security-rule-policy_sec_marketing] quit
   [FW-policy-security] quit

7. 提交内容安全配置文件。

   [FW] engine configuration commit
   Info: The operation may last for several minutes, please wait.
   Info: URL submitted configurations successfully.
   Info: Finish committing engine compiling.

结果验证

• 研发部门任何员工在09：00～17：00之间，可以访问教育/科学类、搜索/门户类网站，但是访问社会焦点类、论坛类等网站时，都被阻断不能访问。

  管理员通过查看URL日志URL/4/FILTER，可以看到研发部门员工访问社会焦点类、论坛类等网站时，命中了过滤类型Type为“Pre-defined”以及动作Action为“Block”的日志信息。

• 市场部门任何员工在09：00～17：00之间，可以访问教育/科学类、搜索/门户类、社会焦点类网站、特定的URL（www.example.com/news）和域名（www.example.net），但是访问论坛类等网站时，都被阻断不能访问。

  管理员通过查看URL日志URL/4/FILTER，可以看到市场部门员工访问论坛类等网站时，命中了过滤类型Type为“Pre-defined”以及动作Action为“Block”的日志信息。

配置脚本

#                                                                               
sysname FW
#                                                                               
 dns resolve                                                                    
 dns server 10.2.0.70                                                           
#                                                                               
ip service-set service_sec_huawei_com type object                               
 service 0 protocol tcp source-port 0 to 65535 destination-port 443              
 service 1 protocol tcp source-port 0 to 65535 destination-port 12612           
 service 2 protocol udp source-port 0 to 65535 destination-port 12600           
#                                                                               
 country CN                                                                     
#                                                                               
 time-range time_range                                                          
  period-range 09:00:00 to 17:00:00 daily                                       
#                                                                               
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1   
 undo shutdown
 ip address 1.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
#                                                                               
interface GigabitEthernet1/0/3   
 undo shutdown
 ip address 10.3.0.1 255.255.255.0
#                                                                               
firewall zone trust                                                             
 set priority 85                                                                
 add interface GigabitEthernet1/0/3
#                                                                               
firewall zone untrust                                                           
 set priority 5                                                                 
 add interface GigabitEthernet1/0/1
#
url-filter category user-defined name url_userdefine_category                   
 description url userdefine category of access control for marketing.           
 add url www.example.com/news                                                   
 add  host www.example.net                                                      
profile type url-filter name profile_url_research                               
 description URL filter profile of web access control for research.             
 category pre-defined subcategory-id 101 action block
 category pre-defined subcategory-id 102 action block
 category pre-defined subcategory-id 162 action block
 category pre-defined subcategory-id 163 action block
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 category pre-defined subcategory-id 233 action block
 category user-defined name url_userdefine_category action block
profile type url-filter name profile_url_marketing                              
 description URL filter profile of web access control for marketing.            
 category pre-defined subcategory-id 101 action block
 category pre-defined subcategory-id 102 action block
 category pre-defined subcategory-id 162 action block
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#                                                                               
security-policy                                                                 
 rule name policy_sec_huawei_com                                                
  source-zone local                                                             
  destination-zone untrust                                                      
  service service_sec_huawei_com                                                
  action permit                                                                 
 rule name policy_sec_research                                                  
  description Security policy of web access protect for research.               
  source-zone trust                                                             
  destination-zone untrust
  source-address 10.3.0.0 mask 255.255.255.0
  user user-group /default/research                                             
  time-range time_range                                                         
  profile url-filter profile_url_research                                       
  action permit                                                                 
 rule name policy_sec_marketing                                                 
  description Security policy of web access protect for marketing.              
  source-zone trust                                                             
  destination-zone untrust                                                      
  source-address 10.3.0.0 mask 255.255.255.0
  user user-group /default/marketing                                            
  time-range time_range                                                         
  profile url-filter profile_url_marketing                                      
  action permit