【Python】图形用户界面设计

1、设计并编写一个窗口程序,该窗口只有一个按钮,当用户单击时可在后台输出hello

world.

import tkinter as tk
def on_button_click():
    print("hello world")
# 创建主窗口
root = tk.Tk()
root.title("Hello World Button")
# 设置窗口大小
root.geometry("200x100")
# 创建一个按钮
button = tk.Button(root, text="点击", command=on_button_click)
# 将按钮添加到主窗口
button.pack(pady=20)
# 启动主事件循环
root.mainloop()

2、设计并编写一个窗口程序,该窗口中的第一,第二行都是一个文本框,用于输人账号和密码,第三行是一个“提交"按钮。要求:密码框输人时不显示明文(设置wxTEPASSWORD属性),当用户单击提交时检测账号和密码是否都是admin,如果正确则在后台输出登录成功,否则输出登录失败。

这个要安装wxpython

pip install wxPython

或者在 wxPython · PyPI中下载对应版本的，放入Scripts中，再

python -m pip install wxPython-4.2.1-cp38-cp38-win_amd64.whl#下载的文件名

import wx
class LoginDialog(wx.Dialog):
    def __init__(self, parent, title):
        super(LoginDialog, self).__init__(parent, title=title, size=(300, 150))

        # 创建账号和密码的文本框
        self.username_ctrl = wx.TextCtrl(self, style=wx.TE_PROCESS_ENTER)
        self.password_ctrl = wx.TextCtrl(self, style=wx.TE_PASSWORD | wx.TE_PROCESS_ENTER)

        # 创建提交按钮
        self.submit_btn = wx.Button(self, label="提交")
        self.submit_btn.Bind(wx.EVT_BUTTON, self.on_submit)

        # 布局
        sizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
        sizer.Add(wx.StaticText(self, label="账号："), 0, wx.ALIGN_CENTER | wx.ALL, 5)
        sizer.Add(self.username_ctrl, 0, wx.EXPAND | wx.ALL, 5)
        sizer.Add(wx.StaticText(self, label="密码："), 0, wx.ALIGN_CENTER | wx.ALL, 5)
        sizer.Add(self.password_ctrl, 0, wx.EXPAND | wx.ALL, 5)
        sizer.Add(self.submit_btn, 0, wx.ALIGN_CENTER | wx.ALL, 5)

        self.SetSizerAndFit(sizer)

    def on_submit(self, event):
        username = self.username_ctrl.GetValue()
        password = self.password_ctrl.GetValue()

        if username == "admin" and password == "admin":
            print("登录成功")
        else:
            print("登录失败")

        # 应用程序的主类


class MyApp(wx.App):
    def OnInit(self):
        dialog = LoginDialog(None, title="登录窗口")
        dialog.ShowModal()
        dialog.Destroy()
        return True

    # 运行应用程序


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = MyApp(0)
    app.MainLoop()

3.使用wx.html2或其他网页控件设计并编写一个基本浏览器。功能包括后退、前进、刷新、网址输人框、网页显示。

import wx  
import wx.html2 as webview  
  
class BrowserFrame(wx.Frame):  
    def __init__(self, title):  
        super().__init__(None, title=title, size=(800, 600))  
  
        # 创建面板和布局  
        panel = wx.Panel(self)  
        sizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)  
  
        # 创建网址输入框  
        self.url_ctrl = wx.TextCtrl(panel, style=wx.TE_PROCESS_ENTER)  
        sizer.Add(self.url_ctrl, 0, wx.EXPAND | wx.ALL, 5)  
  
        # 创建WebView控件  
        self.browser = webview.WebView.New(panel)  
        sizer.Add(self.browser, 1, wx.EXPAND | wx.ALL, 5)  
  
        # 创建工具栏按钮  
        toolbar = self.CreateToolBar()  
        back_btn = toolbar.AddTool(wx.ID_BACKWARD, 'Back', wx.Bitmap('back.png'))  # 你需要提供'back.png'图片  
        forward_btn = toolbar.AddTool(wx.ID_FORWARD, 'Forward', wx.Bitmap('forward.png'))  # 你需要提供'forward.png'图片  
        refresh_btn = toolbar.AddTool(wx.ID_REFRESH, 'Refresh', wx.Bitmap('refresh.png'))  # 你需要提供'refresh.png'图片  
        toolbar.Realize()  
  
        # 绑定按钮事件  
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_TOOL, self.OnBackward, id=wx.ID_BACKWARD)  
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_TOOL, self.OnForward, id=wx.ID_FORWARD)  
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_TOOL, self.OnRefresh, id=wx.ID_REFRESH)  
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_TEXT_ENTER, self.OnURLEnter, self.url_ctrl)  
  
        # 设置面板布局  
        panel.SetSizer(sizer)  
  
        # 加载初始页面（可选）  
        self.LoadPage('http://www.example.com')  
  
    def LoadPage(self, url):  
        self.browser.LoadURL(url)  
  
    def OnBackward(self, event):  
        if self.browser.CanGoBack():  
            self.browser.GoBack()  
  
    def OnForward(self, event):  
        if self.browser.CanGoForward():  
            self.browser.GoForward()  
  
    def OnRefresh(self, event):  
        self.browser.Reload()  
  
    def OnURLEnter(self, event):  
        url = self.url_ctrl.GetValue()  
        self.LoadPage(url)  
  
if __name__ == '__main__':  
    app = wx.App(False)  
    frame = BrowserFrame('Simple Browser')  
    frame.Show()  
    app.MainLoop()

4、使用 StyledTextCtr|控件编写一个Python编辑器,功能包括打开、保存、Python 代码颜色渲染(wxPython Demo 中的 advanced Generic Widgets 里的 RulerCtrl中有)。

import wx
import wx.stc as stc
import os


class PythonEditorFrame(wx.Frame):
    def __init__(self, parent=None, title='Python Editor'):
        super(PythonEditorFrame, self).__init__(parent, title=title, size=(800, 600))


        # 创建StyledTextCtrl
        self.text_ctrl = stc.StyledTextCtrl(self, style=wx.TE_MULTILINE)
        # 设置lexer
        self.text_ctrl.SetLexer(stc.STC_LEX_NULL)

        # 设置样式
        self.text_ctrl.StyleSetSpec(stc.STC_STYLE_DEFAULT, "fore:#000000,back:#FFFFFF,face:Courier New,size:10")
        self.text_ctrl.StyleSetSpec(1, "fore:#FF0000")  # 假设1是关键字的样式ID

        # 'def'和'class'关键字设置红色
        self.text_ctrl.SetText("def function():\n\tprint('Hello, World!')\n\nclass MyClass:\n\tpass")
        self.text_ctrl.StartStyling(0)
        self.text_ctrl.SetStyling(3, 1)  # 将'def'设置为红色（样式ID 1）
        self.text_ctrl.SetStyling(19, 1)  # 将'class'设置为红色（样式ID 1）
        # 创建一个简单的菜单（文件 -> 打开/保存）
        menubar = wx.MenuBar()
        fileMenu = wx.Menu()
        open_item = fileMenu.Append(wx.ID_OPEN, '&Open', 'Open a file')
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.OnOpen, open_item)
        save_item = fileMenu.Append(wx.ID_SAVE, '&Save', 'Save the file')
        self.Bind(wx.EVT_MENU, self.OnSave, save_item)
        menubar.Append(fileMenu, '&File')
        self.SetMenuBar(menubar)

        # 布局
        sizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)
        sizer.Add(self.text_ctrl, 1, wx.EXPAND | wx.ALL, 5)
        self.SetSizer(sizer)

    def OnOpen(self, event):
        """打开文件对话框，并读取文件内容到StyledTextCtrl"""
        with wx.FileDialog(self, "Open Python file", "", "",
                           "Python files (*.py)|*.py", wx.FD_OPEN | wx.FD_FILE_MUST_EXIST) as fileDialog:
            if fileDialog.ShowModal() == wx.ID_CANCEL:
                return  # 用户取消了操作

            # 读取文件内容
            pathname = fileDialog.GetPath()
            try:
                with open(pathname, 'r') as file:
                    self.text_ctrl.SetText(file.read())
            except IOError:
                wx.LogError("Unable to open file '%s'" % pathname)

    def OnSave(self, event):
        """保存StyledTextCtrl的内容到文件"""
        with wx.FileDialog(self, "Save Python file", "", "",
                           "Python files (*.py)|*.py", wx.FD_SAVE | wx.FD_OVERWRITE_PROMPT) as fileDialog:
            if fileDialog.ShowModal() == wx.ID_CANCEL:
                return  # 用户取消了操作

            # 保存文件内容
            pathname = fileDialog.GetPath()
            try:
                with open(pathname, 'w') as file:
                    file.write(self.text_ctrl.GetText())
            except IOError:
                wx.LogError("Unable to save file '%s'" % pathname)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = wx.App(False)
    frame = PythonEditorFrame()
    frame.Show()
    app.MainLoop()

5、设计并编写一个简单的计算器程序,功能包括:0~9的数字按键、运算符“十”“-”“*”“/”、=(等号)与C清空按键,以及一个结果显示屏。 

import tkinter as tk


# 创建一个简单的表达式求值函数
def evaluate_expression(expression):
    try:
        return str(eval(expression))
    except Exception as e:
        return "错误: " + str(e)

    # 创建一个计算器类


class Calculator:
    def __init__(self, master):
        self.master = master
        master.title("简单计算器")

        # 结果显示屏
        self.display = tk.Entry(master, font=('helvetica', 24), width=20, justify='right')
        self.display.grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=4, pady=10)

        # 数字按键
        for row in range(1, 4):
            for col in range(4):
                num = str((row - 1) * 3 + col + 1)
                button = tk.Button(master, text=num, command=lambda num=num: self.append_to_display(num))
                button.grid(row=row, column=col, padx=10, pady=10)

                # 运算符按键
        ops = ['+', '-', '*', '/']
        for col, op in enumerate(ops, start=4):
            button = tk.Button(master, text=op, command=lambda op=op: self.append_to_display(op))
            button.grid(row=1, column=col, padx=10, pady=10)

            # 等号按键
        equal_button = tk.Button(master, text='=', command=self.calculate)
        equal_button.grid(row=4, column=3, padx=10, pady=10)

        # 清空按键
        clear_button = tk.Button(master, text='C', command=self.clear_display)
        clear_button.grid(row=4, column=2, padx=10, pady=10)

    def append_to_display(self, text):
        self.display.insert(tk.END, text)

    def clear_display(self):
        self.display.delete(0, tk.END)

    def calculate(self):
        try:
            expression = self.display.get()
            result = evaluate_expression(expression)
            self.display.delete(0, tk.END)
            self.display.insert(tk.END, result)
        except Exception as e:
            self.display.delete(0, tk.END)
            self.display.insert(tk.END, "错误: " + str(e))

        # 创建主窗口并运行计算器


root = tk.Tk()
calc = Calculator(root)
root.mainloop()