JDK21执行java -jar xxx.jar 文件时 “An unexpected error occurred” 问题处理

背景介绍：因langchain4j最新版本（>=0.36.0）（Min JDK version has been upgraded to 17）需JDK17起，故直接使用Amazon Corretto JDK 21作为基础镜像。

在使用 JDK21 进行开发或运行相关应用时，有时会遭遇令人困扰的问题。今天运行 java -jar xxx.jar时出现 “Error: An unexpected error occurred while trying to open file xxx.jar” 这样的错误提示，给开发进程带来阻碍。接下来我们将逐步重现该过程以及如何绕过该问题。

容器环境

宿主机：CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)
Docker版本：
containerd.io.x86_64                 1.2.13-3.2.el7                 @docker-ce-stable
docker-ce.x86_64                     3:19.03.12-3.el7               @docker-ce-stable
docker-ce-cli.x86_64                 1:19.03.12-3.el7               @docker-ce-stable
Docker-Compose：docker-compose version 1.26.2, build eefe0d31

镜像构建脚本

直接复制 corretto-docker-debain-21 的脚本

FROM debian:buster-slim

ARG version=21.0.5.11-1
# In addition to installing the Amazon corretto, we also install
# fontconfig. The folks who manage the docker hub's
# official image library have found that font management
# is a common usecase, and painpoint, and have
# recommended that Java images include font support.
#
# See:
#  https://github.com/docker-library/official-images/blob/master/test/tests/java-uimanager-font/container.java

RUN set -eux \
    && apt-get update \
    && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
        curl ca-certificates gnupg software-properties-common fontconfig java-common \
    && curl -fL https://apt.corretto.aws/corretto.key | apt-key add - \
    && add-apt-repository 'deb https://apt.corretto.aws stable main' \
    && mkdir -p /usr/share/man/man1 || true \
    && apt-get update \
    && apt-get install -y java-21-amazon-corretto-jdk=1:$version \
    && apt-get purge -y --auto-remove -o APT::AutoRemove::RecommendsImportant=false \
        curl gnupg software-properties-common

ENV LANG=C.UTF-8
ENV JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-21-amazon-corretto

测试代码

代码结构

├─src
│  ├─main
│  │  ├─java
│  │  │  └─com
│  │  │      └─sample
│  │  └─resources
│  └─test
      └─java

pom

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.sample</groupId>
    <artifactId>Sample</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <properties>
        <jdk-version>21</jdk-version>
        <maven.compiler.source>21</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>21</maven.compiler.target>
        <maven-source-plugin>3.2.1</maven-source-plugin>
        <maven-compiler-plugin-version>3.11.0</maven-compiler-plugin-version>
        <maven-surefire-plugin-version>3.1.0</maven-surefire-plugin-version>
    </properties>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>3.2.0</version>
    </parent>

    <dependencies>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>${maven-source-plugin}</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>attach-sources</id>
                        <phase>install</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>jar</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <source>${jdk-version}</source>
                    <target>${jdk-version}</target>
                    <parameters>true</parameters>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>

            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>${maven-surefire-plugin-version}</version>
                <configuration>
                    <forkCount>1</forkCount>
                    <reuseForks>true</reuseForks>
                    <argLine>-Dfile.encoding=UTF-8</argLine>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.1.6</version>
                <configuration>
                    <mainClass>com.sample.Application</mainClass>
                </configuration>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>repackage</goal>
                        </goals>
                        <configuration>
                            <classifier>exec</classifier>
                        </configuration>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

Application

package com.sample;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;

@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
  }
}

logback.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration>
    <property name="log.pattern"
              value="%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%X{traceId}] [%thread] %-5level %logger{20} - [%method,%line] - %msg%n"/>
    <logger name="org.springframework.web" level="INFO"/>
    <logger name="org.springframework.jdbc" level="INFO"/>
    <logger name="com.sample" level="INFO"/>

    <appender name="consoleAppender" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
        <encoder class="ch.qos.logback.classic.encoder.PatternLayoutEncoder">
            <pattern>${log.pattern}</pattern>
        </encoder>
        <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.ThresholdFilter">
            <level>debug</level>
        </filter>
    </appender>

    <springProfile name="dev">
        <root level="INFO">
            <appender-ref ref="consoleAppender"/>
        </root>
    </springProfile>

    <springProfile name="test">
        <property name="log.path" value="/data/logs"/>
        <appender name="file_info" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
            <file>${log.path}/log4i.log</file>
            <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
                <fileNamePattern>${log.path}/log4i.log.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}</fileNamePattern>
                <maxHistory>180</maxHistory>
            </rollingPolicy>
            <encoder>
                <pattern>${log.pattern}</pattern>
            </encoder>
            <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter">
                <level>DEBUG</level>
                <onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>
                <onMismatch>ACCEPT</onMismatch>
            </filter>
        </appender>

        <appender name="file_error" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
            <file>${log.path}/log4e.log</file>
            <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
                <fileNamePattern>${log.path}/log4e.log.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}</fileNamePattern>
                <maxHistory>365</maxHistory>
            </rollingPolicy>
            <encoder>
                <pattern>${log.pattern}</pattern>
            </encoder>
            <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter">
                <level>ERROR</level>
                <onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>
                <onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch>
            </filter>
        </appender>

        <root level="info">
            <appender-ref ref="file_info"/>
            <appender-ref ref="file_error"/>
        </root>

    </springProfile>

    <springProfile name="prod">
        <property name="log.path" value="/data/logs"/>
        <appender name="file_info" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
            <file>${log.path}/log4i.log</file>
            <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
                <fileNamePattern>${log.path}/log4i.log.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}</fileNamePattern>
                <maxHistory>180</maxHistory>
            </rollingPolicy>
            <encoder>
                <pattern>${log.pattern}</pattern>
            </encoder>
            <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter">
                <level>INFO</level>
                <onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>
                <onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch>
            </filter>
        </appender>

        <appender name="file_error" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
            <file>${log.path}/log4e.log</file>
            <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
                <fileNamePattern>${log.path}/log4e.log.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}</fileNamePattern>
                <maxHistory>180</maxHistory>
            </rollingPolicy>
            <encoder>
                <pattern>${log.pattern}</pattern>
            </encoder>
            <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter">
                <level>ERROR</level>
                <onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>
                <onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch>
            </filter>
        </appender>

        <root level="info">
            <appender-ref ref="file_info"/>
            <appender-ref ref="file_error"/>
        </root>

    </springProfile>
</configuration>

构建工程

mvn clean package

容器内运行工程

什么问题引起？

暂时未知，只好换旧版的JDK21（21.0.0.35.1）试试

安装完成后验证版本

root@e3bd319b01b7:/home# java -version
openjdk version "21" 2023-09-19 LTS
OpenJDK Runtime Environment Corretto-21.0.0.35.1 (build 21+35-LTS)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM Corretto-21.0.0.35.1 (build 21+35-LTS, mixed mode, sharing)

运行工程

至此绕过 Error: An unexpected error occurred while trying to open file Sample-1.0-SNAPSHOT-exec.jar 的问题。

最后，若你知道如何解决该问题，请留言。