ARM64 Trust Firmware [五]

发布于:2025-02-21 ⋅ 阅读:(15) ⋅ 点赞:(0)

本章介绍 ATF 中的 Runtime Service 是如何定义和被调用的。

要了解 SMC,必须从 SMC 指令本身开始,其指令如下图:

指令格式为:SMC #<imm>,从官方文档了解到该指令只能在 EL1 以及更高的异常等级上调用,用户空间 EL0 是无法直接调用该指令的。

同时根据 ARM 官方文档关于 SMCCC 的描述如下:

可以知道 SMC 可以根据不同的 OEN(Owning Entity Number)区分不同分服务的功能,当注册具体了 SMC runtime service 时,需要为对应的 service 指定正确的 OEN 范围。

这里比较抽象,我们来举个例子就明白了,比如我在 Hypervisor 中介绍的关于虚拟机管理器通过 SMC 系统调用去 ATF 通过 PSCI 协议拉起从核,其中启动从核的 PSIC 的 function id 为:PSCI_CPU_ON_AARCH64(0xc4000003),不考虑后面跟的参数,也就是最终调用了:

smc #0xc4000003

按照其 32bit 划分:

  • bit[31] = 1:Fast call;
  • bit[32] = 0:SMC64 call convention;
  • bit[29 : 24] = 4:Standard service call;
  • bit[15 : 0] = 3:该类型的 call type 下的 function number;

我们对 runtime service 进行了如下的定义和分类:

  • ARM Architecture Calls:获取 smcc 版本,arch features 等;
  • CPU Service Calls:提供针对该平台的 CPU 实现特定服务的接口;
  • SIP Service Calls:System IP 的驱动;
  • OEM Service Calls:OEM 服务的接口;
  • Standard Secure Service:PSCI call 就属于这个服务类型;
  • ... ...

Runtime Service 的注册:

BL31 通过宏定义 DECLARE_RT_SVC 注册一个服务:

比如 Standard Service 的注册:

/* Register Standard Service Calls as runtime service */
DECLARE_RT_SVC(
		std_svc,

		OEN_STD_START,
		OEN_STD_END,
		SMC_TYPE_FAST,
		std_svc_setup,
		std_svc_smc_handler
);

比如 SIP Service 的注册:

/* Define a runtime service descriptor for fast SMC calls */
DECLARE_RT_SVC(
	arm_sip_svc,
	OEN_SIP_START,
	OEN_SIP_END,
	SMC_TYPE_FAST,
	arm_sip_setup,
	arm_sip_handler
);

在注册处理 SMC 命令服务时,DECLARE_RT_SVC 空定义定义了一个结构体__svc_desc_##_name,并将其放到了 OS 镜像的一个特殊的段.rt_svc_descs 中,其中__RT_SVC_DESCS_START__ 和__RT_SVC_DESCS_END__ 是该断的起始地址和结束地址,并且可以通过地址范围计算出服务的数量 RT_SVC_DECS_NUM:

/*
 * Convenience macros to declare a service descriptor
 */
#define DECLARE_RT_SVC(_name, _start, _end, _type, _setup, _smch)	\
	static const rt_svc_desc_t __svc_desc_ ## _name			\
		__section(".rt_svc_descs") __used = {			\
			.start_oen = (_start),				\
			.end_oen = (_end),				\
			.call_type = (_type),				\
			.name = #_name,					\
			.init = (_setup),				\
			.handle = (_smch)				\
		}

#define RT_SVC_DESCS					\
	. = ALIGN(STRUCT_ALIGN);			\
	__RT_SVC_DESCS_START__ = .;			\
	KEEP(*(.rt_svc_descs))				\
	__RT_SVC_DESCS_END__ = .;

Runtime Service 的启动:

void __init runtime_svc_init(void)
{
	int rc = 0;
	uint8_t index, start_idx, end_idx;
	rt_svc_desc_t *rt_svc_descs;

	/* Assert the number of descriptors detected are less than maximum indices */
	assert((RT_SVC_DESCS_END >= RT_SVC_DESCS_START) &&
			(RT_SVC_DECS_NUM < MAX_RT_SVCS));

	/* If no runtime services are implemented then simply bail out */
	if (RT_SVC_DECS_NUM == 0U)
		return;

	/* Initialise internal variables to invalid state */
	(void)memset(rt_svc_descs_indices, -1, sizeof(rt_svc_descs_indices));

	rt_svc_descs = (rt_svc_desc_t *) RT_SVC_DESCS_START;
	for (index = 0U; index < RT_SVC_DECS_NUM; index++) {
		rt_svc_desc_t *service = &rt_svc_descs[index];

		/*
		 * An invalid descriptor is an error condition since it is
		 * difficult to predict the system behaviour in the absence
		 * of this service.
		 */
		rc = validate_rt_svc_desc(service);
		if (rc != 0) {
			ERROR("Invalid runtime service descriptor %p\n",
				(void *) service);
			panic();
		}

		/*
		 * The runtime service may have separate rt_svc_desc_t
		 * for its fast smc and yielding smc. Since the service itself
		 * need to be initialized only once, only one of them will have
		 * an initialisation routine defined. Call the initialisation
		 * routine for this runtime service, if it is defined.
		 */
		if (service->init != NULL) {
			rc = service->init();
			if (rc != 0) {
				ERROR("Error initializing runtime service %s\n",
						service->name);
				continue;
			}
		}

		/*
		 * Fill the indices corresponding to the start and end
		 * owning entity numbers with the index of the
		 * descriptor which will handle the SMCs for this owning
		 * entity range.
		 */
		start_idx = (uint8_t)get_unique_oen(service->start_oen,
						    service->call_type);
		end_idx = (uint8_t)get_unique_oen(service->end_oen,
						  service->call_type);
		assert(start_idx <= end_idx);
		assert(end_idx < MAX_RT_SVCS);
		for (; start_idx <= end_idx; start_idx++)
			rt_svc_descs_indices[start_idx] = index;
	}
}
  • 先通过RT_SVC_DESCS_START 和RT_SVC_DESCS_END 之间的大小,计算出当前的服务数量RT_SVC_DECS_NUM;
  • 从RT_SVC_DESCS_START 位置开始遍历所有服务,拿到其结构体地址service;
  • 通过validate_rt_svc_desc 对该服务的参数进行校验;
  • 通过 service->init 初始化该服务,当然有些服务可能不需要 init setup;
  • 初始化rt_svc_descs_indices 表;

在 EL1/EL2 发起 SMC 调用时,smc_fid 作为第一个参数传递给 ATF,ATF 需要根据 smc_fid 定位到是哪种 service。由于 service 有两种 type 组成,每种 type 的 oen 最多有 64 个,所以 type 和 oen 的组合会有 128 中可能。为了加快查找 service 类别,ATF 在初始化 runtime service 时会维护一个表,我们用如下两个服务作为例子:

DECLARE_RT_SVC(
	arm_sip_svc,
	OEN_SIP_START,      == 2
	OEN_SIP_END,		== 2
	SMC_TYPE_FAST,		== 1
	arm_sip_setup,
	arm_sip_handler
);

start_idx = SMC_TYPE_FAST << 6 | OEN_SIP_START = 66
end_idx   = SMC_TYPE_FAST << 6 | OEN_SIP_END   = 66

DECLARE_RT_SVC(
		tos_svc,
		OEN_TOS_START,  == 50
		OEN_TOS_END,	== 63
		SMC_TYPE_YIELD,	== 0
		tos_svc_setup,
		tos_svc_smc_handler
);

start_idx = SMC_TYPE_YIELD << 6 | OEN_TOS_START = 50
end_idx   = SMC_TYPE_YIELD << 6 | OEN_TOS_END   = 63

SMC 的处理流程:

根据 bl31/aarch64/runtime_exceptions.S 中异常向量表 runtime_exceptions 的定义,当 EL1/EL2 发起 SMC 调用后,会触发sync_exception_aarch64,并在最终的 smc_handler64 处理中跳转到相应的服务处理函数中:

runtime_exceptions
    -->sync_exception_aarch64
        -->handle_sync_exception
            -->sync_handler64

sync_handler64 中根据参数 1 中 smc_fid 的 type 和 oen 得到 desc_index,由rt_svc_descs_indices[desc_index] 可以得到 svc_index,再 由rt_svc_descs[svc_index] 就可以得到对应 runtime service 描述符的指针rt_svc_desc_t,最后调用其 handler 处理函数:

	and	x16, x0, #(FUNCID_SVE_HINT_MASK << FUNCID_SVE_HINT_SHIFT)
	orr	x7, x7, x16
	bic	x0, x0, #(FUNCID_SVE_HINT_MASK << FUNCID_SVE_HINT_SHIFT)

	/* Get the unique owning entity number */
	ubfx	x16, x0, #FUNCID_OEN_SHIFT, #FUNCID_OEN_WIDTH
	ubfx	x15, x0, #FUNCID_TYPE_SHIFT, #FUNCID_TYPE_WIDTH
	orr	x16, x16, x15, lsl #FUNCID_OEN_WIDTH

	/* Load descriptor index from array of indices */
	adrp	x14, rt_svc_descs_indices
	add	x14, x14, :lo12:rt_svc_descs_indices
	ldrb	w15, [x14, x16]

	/* Any index greater than 127 is invalid. Check bit 7. */
	tbnz	w15, 7, smc_unknown

	/*
	 * Get the descriptor using the index
	 * x11 = (base + off), w15 = index
	 *
	 * handler = (base + off) + (index << log2(size))
	 */
	adr_l	x11, (__RT_SVC_DESCS_START__ + RT_SVC_DESC_HANDLE)
	lsl	w10, w15, #RT_SVC_SIZE_LOG2
	ldr	x15, [x11, w10, uxtw]

	/*
	 * Call the Secure Monitor Call handler and then drop directly into
	 * el3_exit() which will program any remaining architectural state
	 * prior to issuing the ERET to the desired lower EL.
	 */
#if DEBUG
	cbz	x15, rt_svc_fw_critical_error
#endif
	blr	x15

以 psci 为例,由于 psci 属于 standard service,所以会调用std_svc_smc_handler,在std_svc_smc_handler 中再根据smc_fid 区分不同的细分服务,然后调用psci_smc_handler 去处理 psci 协议:

static uintptr_t std_svc_smc_handler(uint32_t smc_fid,
			     u_register_t x1,
			     u_register_t x2,
			     u_register_t x3,
			     u_register_t x4,
			     void *cookie,
			     void *handle,
			     u_register_t flags)
{
	if (((smc_fid >> FUNCID_CC_SHIFT) & FUNCID_CC_MASK) == SMC_32) {
		/* 32-bit SMC function, clear top parameter bits */

		x1 &= UINT32_MAX;
		x2 &= UINT32_MAX;
		x3 &= UINT32_MAX;
		x4 &= UINT32_MAX;
	}

	/*
	 * Dispatch PSCI calls to PSCI SMC handler and return its return
	 * value
	 */
	if (is_psci_fid(smc_fid)) {
		uint64_t ret;

		ret = psci_smc_handler(smc_fid, x1, x2, x3, x4,
		    cookie, handle, flags);
    ...
}


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