Linux 安装 MySQL8数据库

一、前置操作

查看系统信息

uname -a

下载MySQL

官网下载地址：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/

高版本的MySQL，有支持ARM架构，截图标出两个架构的选项。

国产化环境，银河麒麟V10操作系统，ARM架构

CentOS7，X86架构

清理历史环境

# 查看已安装的MySQL
rpm -qa |grep -i mysql

# 输出
 bt-mysql57-5.7.34-1.el8.x86_64
 mysql80-community-release-el8-1.noarch
 mysql-community-server-8.0.27-1.el8.x86_64
 mysql-community-client-8.0.27-1.el8.x86_64
 ...


# 通过yum remove 将以上内容删除
yum remove bt-mysql57-5.7.34-1.el8.x86_64
yum remove mysql80-community-release-el8-1.noarch
yum remove mysql-community-server-8.0.27-1.el8.x86_64
yum remove mysql-community-client-8.0.27-1.el8.x86_64
...

# 查找MySQL相关目录
find / -name mysql

# 删除对应目录
rm -rf /var/lib/mysql
...

# 删除/etc/my.cnf
rm -rf /etc/my.cnf

# 删除/var/log/mysql/mysqld.log
rm -rf /var/log/mysql/mysqld.log

# 卸载mariadb，该软件与MySQL数据库有冲突，需要卸载
# 如果是CentOS7可以检测出已经安装了mariadb
rpm -qa | grep mariadb

# 移除mariadb
rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64

二、安装MySQL

安装

# 解压
tar -xvf mysql-8.4.0-1.el8.aarch64.rpm-bundle.tar

# 使用rpm安装
# 必须按照顺序执行命令，否则会出现依赖错误的报错
# 8.0.20版本以上
rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-8.4.0-1.el8.aarch64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-plugins-8.4.0-1.el8.aarch64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-8.4.0-1.el8.aarch64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-8.4.0-1.el8.aarch64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-icu-data-files-8.4.0-1.el8.aarch64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-devel-8.4.0-1.el8.aarch64.rpm
rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.4.0-1.el8.aarch64.rpm

# 8.0.19版本及以下按照以下顺序执行
rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-8.0.1...
rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-8.0.1...
rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-8.0.1...
rpm -ivh mysql-community-devel-8.0.1...
rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.0.1...


# 查看MySQL版本
mysql --version

注：MySQL不区分表名、数据库名和数据库模式名的大小写，需要先加lower_case_table_names=1，MySQL8只能初始化时候配置，后面修改比较麻烦

# 编辑/etc/my.cnf
vi /etc/my.cnf

# 加入如下配置
lower_case_table_names=1

启动

#开机自启
systemctl enable mysqld
#启动
systemctl start mysqld
#查看状态
systemctl status mysqld
#重启
systemctl restart mysqld
#关闭
systemctl stop mysqld
#关闭开机自启
systemctl disable mysqld

三、MySQL使用

1.获取root初始密码

cat /var/log/mysqld.log | grep root@localhost

2.root登录并修改密码

# 登录
mysql -u root -p

# 修改root密码（数据库默认密码强度策略，需要有大小写和特殊字符，后续可以修改密码策略）
alter user root@localhost identified by 'XXxx#88';

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 按需开放远程访问权限
# 选择数据库
use mysql;
# 设置任意地方可以访问
update user set host='%' where user='root';
# 刷新权限
flush privileges;

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 新建数据库
CREATE DATABASE `db_test` CHARACTER SET 'utf8mb4' COLLATE 'utf8mb4_general_ci';
# 新建用户
CREATE USER 'testuser'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'XXxx#88';
# 授权指定数据库
grant all privileges on db_test.* to 'testuser'@'%';
# 刷新权限
flush privileges;

备注

安装中报错：
rpm -ivh mysql-community-devel-8.4.0-1.el8.aarch64.rpm 
warning: mysql-community-devel-8.4.0-1.el8.aarch64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:

pkgconfig(openssl) is needed by mysql-community-devel-8.4.0-1.el8.aarch64.rpm


-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 命令加 --force --nodeps
rpm -ivh mysql-community-devel-8.4.0-1.el8.aarch64.rpm --force --nodeps