MySQL刷题相关简单语法集合

发布于:2025-05-18 ⋅ 阅读:(20) ⋅ 点赞:(0)
  1. 去重 distinct 关键字
    eg. :select distinct university from user_profile

  2. 返回行数限制: limit关键字
    eg. :select device_id from user_profile limit 2

  3. 返回列重命名:as 关键字
    eg.:select device_id as user_infos_example from user_profile limit 2

  4. 指定关键字排序:order by 关键字(ASC升序,DESC降序):
    eg:select device_id,age from user_profile order by age asc

  5. 统计总数 + 模糊条件筛选: count + where + like
    eg.:

select
   count(distinct device_id) as did_cnt,
   count(question_id) as question_cnt
from question_practice_detail
where date like "2021-08%"
  1. 判断非空: is not null
    eg.:select device_id,gender,age,university from user_profile where age is not null

  2. 多条件判断 : where in / not in
    eg.:

select device_id, gender, age ,university, gpa
    from user_profile 
    where university in ('北京大学','复旦大学','山东大学')
  1. 正则表达式:使用regexp 进行正则匹配
    正则表达式匹配的字符类:
    .:匹配任意单个字符。
    ^:匹配字符串的开始。
    $:匹配字符串的结束。
    *****:匹配零个或多个前面的元素。
    +:匹配一个或多个前面的元素。
    ?:匹配零个或一个前面的元素。
    [abc]:匹配字符集中的任意一个字符。
    [^abc]:匹配除了字符集中的任意一个字符以外的字符。
    [a-z]:匹配范围内的任意一个小写字母。
    [0-9]:匹配一个数字字符。
    \w:匹配一个字母数字字符(包括下划线)。
    \s:匹配一个空白字符。

eg.:

select id,name,phone_number
    from contacts
    where phone_number regexp '^[1-9][0-9]{2}-?[0-9]{4}-?[0-9]{4}$'
  1. 取最大值 : max
    eg.:select max(gpa) as gpa from user_profile where university = '复旦大学'

  2. 规定小数点位数及统计平均值: round + avg
    ROUND 函数用于把数值字段舍入为指定的小数位数。
    用法为:SELECT ROUND(column_name,decimals) FROM table_name
    eg.:

select count(gender) as male_num,
       round(avg(gpa),1) as avg_gpa
from user_profile 
where gender = 'male'
  1. 分组查询: group by
    eg.
select gender,university,
        count(device_id) as user_num, 
        round(avg(active_days_within_30),1) as avg_active_day,
        round(avg(question_cnt),1) as avg_question_cnt
    from user_profile
    group by gender,university
    order by gender asc,
            university asc

注意: 由于group by后的输出不可预估,因此在笔试时可能会出现仅使用group by 无法通过测试用例的情况,此时需按用例示范追加 order by !!!

  1. 分组后条件过滤: having
    eg.:
 select university,
    round(avg(question_cnt),1) as avg_question_cnt,
    round(avg(answer_cnt),1) as avg_answer_cnt
from user_profile 
    group by university
    having avg_question_cnt < 5 or avg_answer_cnt < 20
  1. 多表查询- 内连接:inner join ,注意应指定列。
    eg.:
select q.device_id,q.question_id,q.result 
    from question_practice_detail as q
        inner join user_profile as up
    on q.device_id = up.device_id and up.university = '浙江大学'

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