目录
Advantages of Stored Procedures
SQL in Real Programs
We have seen only how SQL is used at the generic query interface --- an environment where we sit at a terminal and ask queries of a database.
Reality is almost always different:
conventional programs interacting with SQL.
(我们只是看见了SQL是如何在常规的查询接口中的使用,也就是直接通过终端 对数据库进行交互,但实际上通常是常规程序与SQL语言的交互)
Options
- Code in a specialized language is stored in the database itself (e.g.PSM, PL/SQL).
- SQL statements are embedded in a host language (e.g., C).
- Connection tools are used to allow a conventional language to access a database (e.g., CLI, JDBC, PHP/DB).
(常规程序与SQL语言的交互模式: 数据库储存代码、SQL内嵌、连接工具)
Stored Procedures
PSM, or “persistent stored modules, ” allows us to store procedures as database schema elements.(持久储存模块允许我们将储存模式作为数据库模式元素)
PSM = a mixture of conventional statements (if, while, etc.) and SQL.
- Lets us do things we cannot do in SQL alone.
数据库中的储存过程和函数的区别在于,函数可以直接通过函数名的引用得到函数值,但是储存过程不行
Advantages of Stored Procedures
- Share Application Logic(共享应用逻辑)
- Shield Database Schema Details(屏蔽数据库细节)
- Provide Security Mechanisms(提供安全机制 )
- Improve Performance(提升性能)
- Reduce Network Traffic(减少网络流量)
Parameters in PSM
Unlike the usual name-type pairs in languages like C, PSM uses mode- name-type triples, where the mode can be:
IN = procedure uses value, does not change value.(传入参数,只能调用不能修改)
OUT = procedure changes, does not use.(传出参数,可以在储存过程被修改)
INOUT = both
想得到储存过程的返回值,虽然不能直接通过调用储存过程名字,但是可以调用OUT参数