spring-ai MCP的简单实例

MCP概念

文档：https://www.spring-doc.cn/spring-ai/1.0.0/api_mcp_mcp-overview.en.html

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) is a standardized protocol that enables AI models to interact with external tools and resources in a structured way. It supports multiple transport mechanisms to provide flexibility across different environments.

其实也可以理解为大模型的一个扩展点，和spring bpp/bfpp类似，让大模型与外部服务交互，更好的辅助回答。

spring-ai MCP的实现方式

参考：https://docs.spring.io/spring-ai/reference/api/mcp/mcp-server-boot-starter-docs.html

• spring-ai-starter-mcp-server：支持STDIO（标准流）传输的核心服务器
• spring-ai-starter-mcp-server-webmvc：基于Spring MVC的SSE传输实现
• spring-ai-starter-mcp-server-webflux：基于Spring WebFlux的SSE传输实现

编写MCP服务端

一个简单的天气服务，工程启动后可以看到如下注册了工具

• McpServerApplication

import org.springframework.ai.tool.ToolCallbackProvider;
import org.springframework.ai.tool.method.MethodToolCallbackProvider;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;

@SpringBootApplication
public class McpServerApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(McpServerApplication.class, args);
    }

    @Bean
    public ToolCallbackProvider weatherTools(WeatherService weatherService) {
        return MethodToolCallbackProvider.builder().toolObjects(weatherService).build();
    }
}

• WeatherService

import org.springframework.ai.tool.annotation.Tool;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class WeatherService {

    @Tool(description = "Get weather information by city name")
    public String getWeather(String cityName) {
        System.out.println("Get weather information by city name: " + cityName);
        if ("上海".equals(cityName)) {
            return "晴天";
        }
        if ("北京".equals(cityName)) {
            return "多云";
        }
        return "未知";
    }
}

• application.properties

spring.application.name=mcp-server

server.port=8085

spring.ai.mcp.server.enabled=true

# MCP server
spring.ai.mcp.server.name=mcp-weather-server
spring.ai.mcp.server.version=1.0.0
spring.ai.mcp.server.type=SYNC
spring.ai.mcp.server.sse-message-endpoint=/mcp/messages

• maven工程的完整pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>3.5.0</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>mcp-server</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>mcp-server</name>
    <description>mcp-server</description>
    <url/>
    <licenses>
        <license/>
    </licenses>
    <developers>
        <developer/>
    </developers>
    <scm>
        <connection/>
        <developerConnection/>
        <tag/>
        <url/>
    </scm>
    <properties>
        <java.version>17</java.version>
        <spring-ai.version>1.0.0</spring-ai.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.ai</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-ai-bom</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-ai.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--spring boot ai-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!--
            mcp server模块依赖
            https://docs.spring.io/spring-ai/reference/1.0/api/mcp/mcp-server-boot-starter-docs.html
        -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.ai</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-ai-mcp</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.ai</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-ai-starter-mcp-server-webmvc</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.ai</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-ai-model</artifactId>
            <version>1.0.0</version>
        </dependency>

<!--        <dependency>-->
<!--            <groupId>org.springframework.ai</groupId>-->
<!--            <artifactId>spring-ai-mcp-server-webflux-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>-->
<!--            <version>1.0.0-M6</version>-->
<!--        </dependency>-->

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.11.0</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>17</source>
                    <target>17</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>repackage</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>spring-snapshots</id>
            <name>Spring Snapshots</name>
            <url>https://repo.spring.io/snapshot</url>
            <releases>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </releases>
        </repository>
    </repositories>

</project>

编写测试项目，即MCP客户端

• ClientController

import org.springframework.ai.chat.client.ChatClient;
import org.springframework.ai.tool.ToolCallbackProvider;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class ClientController {

    @Autowired
    private ToolCallbackProvider toolCallbackProvider;

    @Autowired
    ChatClient.Builder chatClientBuilder;

    /**
     * curl http://localhost:8082/mcp-client?city=北京
     */
    @GetMapping("/mcp-client")
    public String generate(@RequestParam String city) {
        ChatClient chatClient = chatClientBuilder
                .defaultTools(toolCallbackProvider.getToolCallbacks())
                .build();

        String promptContent = city + "的天气如何?";
        return chatClient
                .prompt(promptContent)
                .call()
                .content();
    }
}

• applicaiton.properties

spring.application.name=mcp-client
server.port=8082

spring.ai.dashscope.api-key=<API-Key>
spring.ai.dashscope.chat.options.model=qwen-plus

spring.ai.mcp.client.toolcallback.enabled=true
spring.ai.mcp.client.name=mcp-client
spring.ai.mcp.client.sse.connections.server1.url=http://localhost:8085

• maven项目的完整pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>3.5.0</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>mcp-client</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>mcp-client</name>
    <description>mcp-client</description>
    <url/>
    <licenses>
        <license/>
    </licenses>
    <developers>
        <developer/>
    </developers>
    <scm>
        <connection/>
        <developerConnection/>
        <tag/>
        <url/>
    </scm>
    <properties>
        <java.version>17</java.version>
        <spring-ai.version>1.0.0-M6</spring-ai.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.ai</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-ai-bom</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-ai.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Spring AI Alibaba（通义大模型支持） -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud.ai</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-ai-alibaba-starter</artifactId>
            <version>1.0.0-M6.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.ai</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-ai-core</artifactId>
            <version>1.0.0-M6</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud.ai</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-ai-alibaba-autoconfigure</artifactId>
            <version>1.0.0-M6.1</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 添加Spring AI MCP starter依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.ai</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-ai-mcp-client-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>1.0.0-M6</version>
        </dependency>
<!--        <dependency>-->
<!--            <groupId>org.springframework.ai</groupId>-->
<!--            <artifactId>spring-ai-mcp-client-spring-boot-autoconfigure</artifactId>-->
<!--            <version>1.0.0-M6</version>-->
<!--        </dependency>-->
<!--        <dependency>-->
<!--            <groupId>org.springframework.ai</groupId>-->
<!--            <artifactId>spring-ai-starter-mcp-client</artifactId>-->
<!--            <version>1.0.0</version>-->
<!--        </dependency>-->

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

测试输出，符合预期

服务端可以看到调用信息

客户端请求和log如下

2025-06-28T08:36:52.164+08:00 INFO 45805 --- [mcp-server] [nio-8085-exec-2] i.m.server.McpAsyncServer : Client initialize request - Protocol: 2024-11-05, Capabilities: ClientCapabilities[experimental=null, roots=null, sampling=null], Info: Implementation[name=mcp-client, version=1.0.0]