Python 包管理工具 uv

uv 是由 Rust 编写的超快速 Python 包安装器和解析器，由创建了流行的 Rust 包管理器 Cargo 的团队开发。它旨在成为未来 pip 和 pip-tools 的现代替代品。

主要特性

1. 极快的性能​​：比 pip 快 10-100 倍
2. 现代功能​​：
   • 支持最新的 Python 包标准
   • 内置虚拟环境管理
   • 支持锁定文件
3. ​​兼容性​​：
   • 兼容现有的 pip 和 pip-tools 工作流
   • 支持 requirements.txt 和 pyproject.toml

uv 安装

$powershell -ExecutionPolicy ByPass -c "irm https://astral.sh/uv/install.ps1 | iex"
Downloading uv 0.7.19 (x86_64-pc-windows-msvc)
Installing to C:\Users\user\.local\bin
  uv.exe
  uvx.exe
  uvw.exe
everything's installed!

To add C:\Users\user\.local\bin to your PATH, either restart your shell or run:

    set Path=C:\Users\user\.local\bin;%Path%   (cmd)
    $env:Path = "C:\Users\user\.local\bin;$env:Path"   (powershell)

主要功能

uv -h
An extremely fast Python package manager.

Usage: uv [OPTIONS] <COMMAND>

Commands:
  run      Run a command or script
  init     Create a new project
  add      Add dependencies to the project
  remove   Remove dependencies from the project
  version  Read or update the project's version
  sync     Update the project's environment
  lock     Update the project's lockfile
  export   Export the project's lockfile to an alternate format
  tree     Display the project's dependency tree
  tool     Run and install commands provided by Python packages
  python   Manage Python versions and installations
  pip      Manage Python packages with a pip-compatible interface
  venv     Create a virtual environment
  build    Build Python packages into source distributions and wheels
  publish  Upload distributions to an index
  cache    Manage uv's cache
  self     Manage the uv executable
  help     Display documentation for a command

Python 版本管理

Commands:
  list       List the available Python installations
  install    Download and install Python versions
  upgrade    Upgrade installed Python versions to the latest supported patch release 
  (requires the `--preview` flag)
  find       Search for a Python installation
  pin        Pin to a specific Python version
  dir        Show the uv Python installation directory
  uninstall  Uninstall Python versions

包安装

uv pip install flask  # 安装单个包
uv pip install -r requirements.txt  # 从文件安装

虚拟环境管理

uv venv .venv  # 创建虚拟环境
source .venv/bin/activate  # 激活虚拟环境

依赖解析

uv pip compile pyproject.toml -o requirements.txt  # 生成锁定文件
uv pip sync requirements.txt  # 同步依赖

uv 目前仍处于积极开发阶段，但已经可以用于生产环境，特别适合需要频繁安装Python包或大型项目的开发者。

相关链接

https://docs.astral.sh/uv/