RIP实验
RIP协议:
RIP协议(Routing Information Protocol,路由信息协议)是一种经典的距离矢量路由协议。使用UDP作为传输协议,端口号为520。
RIP以跳数为度量值,根据邻居通告的信息计算目标网络的最短路径,通过邻居交换整个路由表(全表交换)。
RIP的最大跳数为15跳,第16跳被视为不可达。所以在整个网络中,只能有16个路由器相互成为rip邻居路由器。更新机制为周期性广播,默认为每30秒。
虽然RIP配置简单,资源消耗低,易于理解和兼容性广泛。但因为存在跳数限制和收敛速度慢的致命缺点,在现代网络中,RIP已经被逐步替代。
一、实验拓扑
二、实验需求
- 按照图示配置IP地址
- 配置RIP实现全网路由互通
- 要求全网路由器不能出现明细路由(直连网段除外),不影响网络正常访问
- 业务网段不允许出现协议报文
- 配置RIP报文认证
三、实验步骤
配置IP地址
R1:
[R1]int g0/0 [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0]ip add 192.168.12.1 24 [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0]int g0/1 [R1-GigabitEthernet0/1]ip add 172.16.0.254 24 [R1-GigabitEthernet0/1]int g0/2 [R1-GigabitEthernet0/2]ip add 172.16.1.254 24 [R1-GigabitEthernet0/2]qu
R2:
[R2]int g0/0 [R2-GigabitEthernet0/0]ip add 192.168.12.2 24 [R2-GigabitEthernet0/0]int g0/1 [R2-GigabitEthernet0/1]ip add 192.168.23.2 24 [R2-GigabitEthernet0/1]qu
R3
[R3]int g0/0 [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0]ip add 192.168.23.3 24 [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0]int g0/1 [R3-GigabitEthernet0/1]ip add 172.16.2.254 24 [R3-GigabitEthernet0/1]int g0/2 [R3-GigabitEthernet0/2]ip add 172.16.3.254 24 [R3-GigabitEthernet0/2]qu
PC_4:
PC_5:
PC_6:
PC_7:
配置 RIP 实现全网路由互通
#在R1上配置RIPv2,关闭自动聚合,宣告所有直连网段 [R1]rip 1 [R1-rip-1]undo summary [R1-rip-1]version 2 [R1-rip-1]network 172.16.0.0 [R1-rip-1]network 172.16.1.0 [R1-rip-1]network 192.168.12.0
#在R2上配置RIPv2,关闭自动聚合,宣告所有直连网段 [R2]rip 1 [R2-rip-1]undo summary [R2-rip-1]version 2 [R2-rip-1]network 192.168.12.0 [R2-rip-1]network 192.168.23.0
#在R2上配置RIPv2,关闭自动聚合,宣告所有直连网段 [R3]rip 1 [R3-rip-1]undo summary [R3-rip-1]version 2 [R3-rip-1]net 172.16.2.0 [R3-rip-1]net 172.16.3.0 [R3-rip-1]net 192.168.23.0
查看当前路由配置
[R1-rip-1]dis th # rip 1 undo summary version 2 network 172.16.0.0 network 192.168.12.0 # return
[R2-rip-1]dis th # rip 1 undo summary version 2 network 192.168.12.0 network 192.168.23.0 # return
[R3-rip-1]dis th # rip 1 undo summary version 2 network 172.16.0.0 network 192.168.23.0 # return
要求全网路由器不能出现明细路由(直连网段除外),不影响网络正常访问
#在R1的g0/0接口上配置手动路由聚合 [R1]int g0/0 [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0]rip summary-address 172.16.0.0 23 [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0]qu
#在R3的g0/0接口上配置手动路由聚合 [R3-rip-1]int g0/0 [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0]rip summary-address 172.16.2.0 23 [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0]qu
#在R2上查看路由表,发现学习到的是R1和R3发布的路由聚合 [R2]dis ip routing-table Destinations : 15 Routes : 15 Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost NextHop Interface ……………… 172.16.0.0/23 RIP 100 1 192.168.12.1 GE0/0 172.16.2.0/23 RIP 100 1 192.168.23.3 GE0/1 ………………
业务网段不允许出现协议报文
[R1]rip 1 [R1-rip-1]silent-interface g0/1 [R1-rip-1]silent-interface g0/2 [R1-rip-1]qu
[R3]rip 1 [R3-rip-1]silent-interface g0/1 [R3-rip-1]silent-interface g0/2 [R3-rip-1]qu
配置RIP报文认证
[R1]int g0/0 [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0]rip authentication-mode simple plain 123456 [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0]qu
[R2]int g0/0 [R2-GigabitEthernet0/0]rip authentication-mode simple plain 123456 [R2-GigabitEthernet0/0]int g0/1 [R2-GigabitEthernet0/1]rip authentication-mode simple plain 123456 [R2-GigabitEthernet0/1]qu
[R3]int g0/0 [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0]rip authentication-mode simple plain 123456 [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0]qu