【SSL证书校验问题】通过 monkey-patch 关掉 SSL 证书校验

标签：Python、SSL、monkey-patch、httpx、aiohttp、requests、OpenAI

1 为什么会有这篇文章？

在本地调试 OpenAI 代理、数据抓取、私有服务、访问外网 时，经常会碰到如下报错：

SSLCertVerificationError: [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed

raise SSLError(e, request=request)
requests.exceptions.SSLError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='api.openai.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /v1/models (Caused by SSLError(SSLError(1, '[SSL: WRONG_VERSION_NUMBER] wrong version number (_ssl.c:1017)')))

File ".venv\lib\site-packages\httpx\_transports\default.py", line 118, in map_httpcore_exceptions
    |     raise mapped_exc(message) from exc
    | httpx.ConnectError: All connection attempts failed

An error occurred: Expecting value: line 1 column 1 (char 0)
An error occurred during the request: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='en.wikipedia.org', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /w/api.php?list=search&srprop=&srlimit=1&limit=1&srsearch=langchain&format=json&action=query (Caused by ProxyError('Unable to connect to proxy', SSLError(SSLEOFError(8, '[SSL: UNEXPECTED_EOF_WHILE_READING] EOF occurred in violation of protocol (_ssl.c:1000)'))))

 File ".venv\lib\site-packages\requests\adapters.py", line 698, in send
    raise SSLError(e, request=request)
requests.exceptions.SSLError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='r.jina.ai', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /https://baijiahao.baidu.com (Caused by SSLError(SSLCertVerificationError(1, '[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: self signed certificate in certificate chain (_ssl.c:997)')))

为了快速定位 “是不是证书问题” 而不是“逻辑问题”，我们需要临时、零侵入地把所有 HTTP 客户端的 SSL 校验关掉。
把下面这段脚本调用后就能跑，调试结束直接删除，零副作用。
或者为了临时绕过所有SSL证书验证，使代码逻辑跑通。

2 完整代码（复制即用）

def monkey_patch():
    """
    通过关闭 SSL/TLS 证书验证，解决 ssl 验证引发的 443 超时问题
    （注：临时调试使用，生产务必移除）
    """
    import functools

    # 1) 全局标准库 SSL 上下文
    try:
        import ssl
        # 全局取消证书验证
        ssl._create_default_https_context = ssl._create_unverified_context
    except Exception:
        pass

    # 2) httpx 同步 & 异步
    try:
        import httpx
        httpx.Client.__init__ = functools.partialmethod(
            httpx.Client.__init__, verify=False
        )
        httpx.AsyncClient.__init__ = functools.partialmethod(
            httpx.AsyncClient.__init__, verify=False
        )
    except Exception:
        pass

    # 3) OpenAI 私有 AsyncHttpxClientWrapper
    try:
        import openai._base_client as bc
        _old = bc.AsyncHttpxClientWrapper.__init__

        def _new_init(self, *a, **k):
            k.setdefault("verify", False)
            return _old(self, *a, **k)

        bc.AsyncHttpxClientWrapper.__init__ = _new_init
    except Exception:
        pass

    # 4) aiohttp
    try:
        import aiohttp
        aiohttp.TCPConnector.__init__ = functools.partialmethod(
            aiohttp.TCPConnector.__init__, verify_ssl=False
        )
    except Exception:
        pass

    # 5) requests
    try:
        import requests
        from functools import wraps

        # 5-1) 修改 Session 实例默认属性
        _orig_init = requests.Session.__init__

        @wraps(_orig_init)
        def _patched_init(self):
            _orig_init(self)
            self.verify = False

        requests.Session.__init__ = _patched_init

        # 5-2) 快捷函数也兜底
        for name in ("get", "post", "put", "patch", "delete", "head", "options"):
            _orig = getattr(requests, name)
            setattr(
                requests,
                name,
                (lambda _o: lambda *a, **k: _o(*a, **dict(k, verify=False)))(_orig),
            )
    except Exception:
        pass

使用：

# 在业务逻辑最顶部调用即可
monkey_patch()

3 逐段技巧拆解

4 何时删除？

5 延伸阅读

• Python 官方文档：ssl.create_default_context
• httpx 文档：verify
• requests 文档：Session.verify

一句话总结
通过侵入式修改，关掉全部 SSL 校验；调试完删掉，干净不留痕。