C# WPF入门学习主线篇（三十二）—— 创建Model、View和ViewModel
在前一篇文章中，我们介绍了MVVM（Model-View-ViewModel）模式的基本概念。本篇将深入探讨如何在实际开发中创建Model、View和ViewModel，并通过一个具体示例来演示它们的交互和实现。
一、创建Model
Model表示应用程序的核心数据和业务逻辑。在MVVM模式中，Model应尽量保持独立，不依赖于UI。以下是一个简单的Model示例：
public class Employee
{
public string Name { get; set; }
public int Age { get; set; }
public string Position { get; set; }
}
二、创建View
View表示用户界面，通过XAML定义。View与ViewModel通过数据绑定进行交互，而不直接访问Model。以下是一个简单的View示例：
<Window x:Class="WpfApp.MainWindow"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfApp"
Title="MVVM Demo" Height="200" Width="300">
<Grid>
<StackPanel>
<TextBox Text="{Binding Name, UpdateSourceTrigger=PropertyChanged}" FontSize="16" Margin="10"/>
<TextBox Text="{Binding Age, UpdateSourceTrigger=PropertyChanged}" FontSize="16" Margin="10"/>
<TextBox Text="{Binding Position, UpdateSourceTrigger=PropertyChanged}" FontSize="16" Margin="10"/>
<Button Content="Update" Command="{Binding UpdateCommand}" FontSize="16" Margin="10"/>
</StackPanel>
</Grid>
</Window>
三、创建ViewModel
ViewModel负责从Model获取数据，并将这些数据提供给View，同时处理用户在View上的交互。ViewModel通常实现INotifyPropertyChanged接口，以便在数据变化时通知View更新UI。
1. 实现INotifyPropertyChanged接口
首先，我们需要一个辅助类来实现命令绑定。以下是一个简单的RelayCommand类：
using System;
using System.Windows.Input;
public class RelayCommand : ICommand
{
private readonly Action<object> _execute;
private readonly Func<object, bool> _canExecute;
public RelayCommand(Action<object> execute, Func<object, bool> canExecute = null)
{
_execute = execute;
_canExecute = canExecute;
}
public bool CanExecute(object parameter) => _canExecute == null || _canExecute(parameter);
public void Execute(object parameter) => _execute(parameter);
public event EventHandler CanExecuteChanged
{
add => CommandManager.RequerySuggested += value;
remove => CommandManager.RequerySuggested -= value;
}
}
2. 创建EmployeeViewModel
然后，我们创建一个EmployeeViewModel类来封装Employee数据，并实现数据绑定和命令绑定：
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Windows.Input;
public class EmployeeViewModel : INotifyPropertyChanged
{
private Employee _employee;
public EmployeeViewModel()
{
_employee = new Employee { Name = "John Doe", Age = 30, Position = "Software Developer" };
UpdateCommand = new RelayCommand(UpdateEmployee);
}
public string Name
{
get => _employee.Name;
set
{
if (_employee.Name != value)
{
_employee.Name = value;
OnPropertyChanged(nameof(Name));
}
}
}
public int Age
{
get => _employee.Age;
set
{
if (_employee.Age != value)
{
_employee.Age = value;
OnPropertyChanged(nameof(Age));
}
}
}
public string Position
{
get => _employee.Position;
set
{
if (_employee.Position != value)
{
_employee.Position = value;
OnPropertyChanged(nameof(Position));
}
}
}
public ICommand UpdateCommand { get; }
private void UpdateEmployee(object parameter)
{
Name = "Updated Name";
Age = 35;
Position = "Updated Position";
}
public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
protected void OnPropertyChanged(string propertyName)
{
PropertyChanged?.Invoke(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
}
}
3. 绑定ViewModel到View
在View的代码隐藏文件中，我们将ViewModel实例绑定到View的DataContext。
using System.Windows;
namespace WpfApp
{
public partial class MainWindow : Window
{
public MainWindow()
{
InitializeComponent();
this.DataContext = new EmployeeViewModel();
}
}
}
四、完整代码示例
MainWindow.xaml
<Window x:Class="WpfApp.MainWindow"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WpfApp"
Title="MVVM Demo" Height="200" Width="300">
<Grid>
<StackPanel>
<TextBox Text="{Binding Name, UpdateSourceTrigger=PropertyChanged}" FontSize="16" Margin="10"/>
<TextBox Text="{Binding Age, UpdateSourceTrigger=PropertyChanged}" FontSize="16" Margin="10"/>
<TextBox Text="{Binding Position, UpdateSourceTrigger=PropertyChanged}" FontSize="16" Margin="10"/>
<Button Content="Update" Command="{Binding UpdateCommand}" FontSize="16" Margin="10"/>
</StackPanel>
</Grid>
</Window>
MainWindow.xaml.cs
using System.Windows;
namespace WpfApp
{
public partial class MainWindow : Window
{
public MainWindow()
{
InitializeComponent();
this.DataContext = new EmployeeViewModel();
}
}
}
Employee.cs
public class Employee
{
public string Name { get; set; }
public int Age { get; set; }
public string Position { get; set; }
}
EmployeeViewModel.cs
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Windows.Input;
public class EmployeeViewModel : INotifyPropertyChanged
{
private Employee _employee;
public EmployeeViewModel()
{
_employee = new Employee { Name = "John Doe", Age = 30, Position = "Software Developer" };
UpdateCommand = new RelayCommand(UpdateEmployee);
}
public string Name
{
get => _employee.Name;
set
{
if (_employee.Name != value)
{
_employee.Name = value;
OnPropertyChanged(nameof(Name));
}
}
}
public int Age
{
get => _employee.Age;
set
{
if (_employee.Age != value)
{
_employee.Age = value;
OnPropertyChanged(nameof(Age));
}
}
}
public string Position
{
get => _employee.Position;
set
{
if (_employee.Position != value)
{
_employee.Position = value;
OnPropertyChanged(nameof(Position));
}
}
}
public ICommand UpdateCommand { get; }
private void UpdateEmployee(object parameter)
{
Name = "Updated Name";
Age = 35;
Position = "Updated Position";
}
public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
protected void OnPropertyChanged(string propertyName)
{
PropertyChanged?.Invoke(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
}
}
RelayCommand.cs
using System;
using System.Windows.Input;
public class RelayCommand : ICommand
{
private readonly Action<object> _execute;
private readonly Func<object, bool> _canExecute;
public RelayCommand(Action<object> execute, Func<object, bool> canExecute = null)
{
_execute = execute;
_canExecute = canExecute;
}
public bool CanExecute(object parameter) => _canExecute == null || _canExecute(parameter);
public void Execute(object parameter) => _execute(parameter);
public event EventHandler CanExecuteChanged
{
add => CommandManager.RequerySuggested += value;
remove => CommandManager.RequerySuggested -= value;
}
}
五、总结
通过本文，我们详细介绍了如何在WPF中创建Model、View和ViewModel，并通过一个具体示例演示了它们的交互和实现。MVVM模式通过将UI和业务逻辑分离，提高了代码的可维护性和可测试性，是WPF开发中的一种重要架构模式。希望本文能帮助你更好地理解和应用MVVM模式，提高WPF开发的水平。