贪吃蛇小游戏的实现代码

一. 头文件

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<Windows.h>
#include<stdbool.h>
#include<locale.h>
#include<time.h>
#define Pos_x 24
#define Pos_y 5
#define WALL L'□'

#define KEY_PRESS(vk) ((GetAsyncKeyState(vk)&1)?1:0)//判断按键是按过还是没按过
//蛇的方向
enum DIRECTION
{
	UP = 1,
	DOWN,
	LEFT,
	RIGHT
};

//蛇的状态
//正常，撞墙，撞到自己，正常退出
enum STATUS
{
	OK,//正常，继续游戏
	KILL_BY_WALL,//撞墙
	KILL_BY_SELF,//撞到自己
	END_NORMAL//正常退出
};

//蛇身的节点类型
typedef struct SnakeNode
{
	//坐标
	int x;
	int y;
	//指向下一个节点的指针
	struct SnakeNode* next;
}SnakeNode, * pSnakeNode;

//贪吃蛇
typedef struct Snake
{
	pSnakeNode _pSnake;//指向蛇头的指针
	pSnakeNode _pFood;//指向食物节点的指针
	enum DIRECTION _dir;//蛇的方向
	enum STATUS _status;//游戏的状态

	int _food_weight;//一个食物的分数
	int _score;//总成绩
	int _sleep_time;//休息时间，时间越短,速度越快，时间越长，速度越慢
}Snake, * pSnake;

//函数的声明

//定位光标位置

void SetPos(short x, short y);

//游戏的初始化
void GameStart(pSnake snake);

//欢迎界面的打印
void Welcome();

//创建地图
void CreateMap();

//初始化蛇身
void InitSnake(pSnake ps);

//创建食物
void CreateFood(pSnake ps);

//打印帮助信息
void PrintHelpInfo();

//查看节点是否是食物
int JubgeNextIsFood(pSnakeNode pn, pSnake ps);

//游戏运行时的逻辑
void GameRun(pSnake ps);

//游戏结束的处理
void GameEnd(pSnake ps);

//检测蛇是否撞到墙
void KillWall(pSnake ps);

//检测蛇是否撞到自己
void KillSelf(pSnake ps);

二. 实现蛇功能

#include"snake.h"
void SetPos(short x, short y)
{
	//获得标准输出设备的句柄
	HANDLE houtput = NULL;
	houtput = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
	//定位光标的位置
	COORD pos = { x,y };

	SetConsoleCursorPosition(houtput, pos);
	//设置指定控制台屏幕缓冲区中光标的位置
	//参数：1. 控制台屏幕缓冲区的句柄
	//2. 指定新光标的位置的 COORD结构
}
int JubgeNextIsFood(pSnakeNode pn, pSnake ps)//判断下个节点是否是食物
{
	if (ps->_pFood->x == pn->x && ps->_pFood->y == pn->y)
		return 1;
	else
		return 0;
}
void EatFood(pSnakeNode pn, pSnake ps)
{
	//头插法
	ps->_pFood->next = ps->_pSnake;//将食物的下一个变为头
	ps->_pSnake = ps->_pFood;//将食物定义为头

	free(pn);//不需要pn记录头的位置了，就销毁
	pn = NULL;

	//打印蛇身
	pSnakeNode cur = ps->_pSnake;
	SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);
	wprintf(L"%lc", L'◆');
	cur = cur->next;
	while (cur)
	{
		SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);
		wprintf(L"%lc", L'●');
		cur = cur->next;
	}
	ps->_score += ps->_food_weight;

	//重新创建食物
	CreateFood(ps);//因为从thc.h里已经声明了，所以不用再上面声明
}
void NoFood(pSnakeNode pn, pSnake ps)
{
	pn->next = ps->_pSnake;//下一步的位置之后链接上头结点
	ps->_pSnake = pn;//将头变为下一步的位置

	pSnakeNode cur = pn->next, qrev = pn;

	while (cur->next)
	{
		cur = cur->next;
		qrev = qrev->next;
	}
	SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);
	printf("  ");
	free(cur);
	cur = NULL;
	qrev->next = NULL;

	//打印蛇身
	cur = ps->_pSnake;
	SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);
	wprintf(L"%lc", L'◆');
	cur = cur->next;
	while (cur)
	{
		SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);
		wprintf(L"%lc", L'●');
		cur = cur->next;
	}
}
void Pause()//暂停函数
{
	while (1)//无限暂停直到再按一次空格键
	{ 
		Sleep(200);
		if (KEY_PRESS(VK_SPACE))
		{
			break;
		}
	}
}
void KillWall(pSnake ps)
{
	if (ps->_pSnake->x == 0 || ps->_pSnake->x == 56 || ps->_pSnake->y == 0 || ps->_pSnake->y == 26)
	{
		ps->_status = KILL_BY_WALL;
	}
}
void KillSelf(pSnake ps)
{
	pSnakeNode cur = ps->_pSnake->next;
	while (cur)
	{
		if (cur->x == ps->_pSnake->x && cur->y == ps->_pSnake->y)
		{
			ps->_status = KILL_BY_SELF;
			break;
		}
		cur = cur->next;
	}
}

void Welcome()
{
	SetPos(40, 14);
	wprintf(L"欢迎来到贪吃蛇小游戏\n");

	SetPos(42, 20);
	system("pause");//暂停
	system("cls");//清空屏幕

	SetPos(25, 14);
	wprintf(L"用↑↓←→来操控蛇的移动方向，按F3加速，按F4减速\n");

	SetPos(25, 15);
	wprintf(L"加速能得到更高的分数\n");

	SetPos(42, 20);
	system("pause");
	system("cls");
}

//蛇的移动
void SnakeMove(pSnake ps)
{
	SnakeNode* pNextNode = (SnakeNode*)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));
	if (pNextNode == NULL)
	{
		perror("SnakeMove()::malloc()");
		return;
	}
	switch (ps->_dir)
	{
	case UP:
		pNextNode->x = ps->_pSnake->x;
		pNextNode->y = ps->_pSnake->y - 1;
		break;
	case DOWN:
		pNextNode->x = ps->_pSnake->x;
		pNextNode->y = ps->_pSnake->y + 1;
		break;

	case RIGHT:
		pNextNode->x = ps->_pSnake->x + 2;
		pNextNode->y = ps->_pSnake->y;
		break;
	case LEFT:

		pNextNode->x = ps->_pSnake->x - 2;
		pNextNode->y = ps->_pSnake->y;
		break;
	}
	if (JubgeNextIsFood(pNextNode, ps))//检测下一个坐标是否是食物
	{
		EatFood(pNextNode, ps);//第一个参数记录头的位置，要在函数里销毁
	}
	else
	{
		NoFood(pNextNode, ps);
	}
	//撞墙死亡
	KillWall(ps); 
	//撞到自己死亡
	KillSelf(ps);
}


void CreateMap()//创造墙
{
	//上
	for (int i = 0; i < 29; i++)
		wprintf(L"%lc", WALL);
	//下
	SetPos(0, 26);
	for (int i = 0; i < 29; i++)
		wprintf(L"%lc", WALL);
	//左

	for (int i = 1; i <= 25; i++)
	{
		SetPos(0, i);
		wprintf(L"%lc", WALL);
	}
	//右
	for (int i = 1; i <= 25; i++)
	{
		SetPos(56, i);
		wprintf(L"%lc", WALL);
	}
	//getchar();
}

void InitSnake(pSnake ps)//初始化蛇
{
	int i = 0;
	pSnakeNode cur = NULL;
	for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
	{
		cur = (pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));
		if (cur == NULL)
		{
			perror("InitSnake()::malloc()");
			return;
		}
		cur->next = NULL;
		cur->x = Pos_x + 2 * i;
		cur->y = Pos_y;

		//头插法插入链表
		if (ps->_pSnake == NULL)//空链表
		{
			ps->_pSnake = cur;
		}
		else //非空
		{
			cur->next = ps->_pSnake;
			ps->_pSnake = cur;
		}
	}
	cur = ps->_pSnake;
	SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);
	wprintf(L"%lc", L'◆');
	cur = cur->next;
	int tmp = 0;

	while (cur)
	{
		tmp++;
		SetPos(cur->x, cur->y);
		wprintf(L"%lc", L'●');
		cur = cur->next;
	}
	//printf("%d", tmp);
	//设置贪吃蛇的属性
	ps->_dir = RIGHT;//默认向右
	ps->_score = 0;//总成绩初始为0
	ps->_food_weight = 10;//食物的奖励分数
	ps->_sleep_time = 200;//蛇多久动一次，单位是毫秒
	ps->_status = OK;//蛇的状态是正常的
}

void CreateFood(pSnake ps)//随机生成食物
{
	int x = 0;
	int y = 0;

	//生成x是2的倍数
	//x: 2至54
	//y: 1至25
again:
	do
	{
		x = rand() % 53 + 2;
		y = rand() % 25 + 1;

	} while (x % 2 != 0);
	//x和y的坐标不能和蛇的身体坐标冲突
	pSnakeNode cur = ps->_pSnake;
	while (cur)
	{
		if (x == cur->x && y == cur->y)
		{
			goto again;//如果食物和蛇身重叠就返回重新生成食物
		}
		cur = cur->next;
	}
	//创建食物的节点
	pSnakeNode pfood = (pSnakeNode)malloc(sizeof(SnakeNode));
	if (pfood == NULL)
	{
		perror("CreateFood()::malloc()");
		return;
	}

	pfood->x = x;
	pfood->y = y;
	pfood->next = NULL;
	SetPos(x, y);//定位食物位置
	wprintf(L"%lc", L'★');

	ps->_pFood = pfood;

}

void PrintHelpInfo()
{
	SetPos(64, 10);
	wprintf(L"%ls", L"不能穿墙，不能咬到自己");
	SetPos(64, 11);
	wprintf(L"%ls", L"用↑↓←→来控制蛇");
	SetPos(64, 12);
	wprintf(L"%ls", L"按F5加速，F6减速");
	SetPos(64, 13);
	wprintf(L"%ls", L"按ESC退出游戏，空格暂停游戏");
}
void GameRun(pSnake ps)
{
	//打印帮助信息
	PrintHelpInfo();
	do
	{
		//打印总分数和食物的分值
		SetPos(64, 10);
		printf("总分数:%d\n", ps->_score);//总分数
		SetPos(64, 11);
		printf("当前食物的分值:%2d\n", ps->_food_weight);//食物的分值,%2d防止分数减少后面的0不去除

		//蛇只能向当前方向的左右转向，不能朝后转向
		if (KEY_PRESS(VK_UP) && ps->_dir != DOWN)//
		{
			ps->_dir = UP;
		}
		else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_DOWN) && ps->_dir != UP)
		{
			ps->_dir = DOWN;
		}
		else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_LEFT) && ps->_dir != RIGHT)
		{
			ps->_dir = LEFT;
		}
		else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_RIGHT) && ps->_dir != LEFT)
		{
			ps->_dir = RIGHT;
		}
		else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_SPACE))
		{
			Pause();
		}
		else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_ESCAPE))
		{
			ps->_status = END_NORMAL;//游戏状态设置为退出
		}
		else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_F5))//加速
		{
			if (ps->_sleep_time > 80)
			{
				ps->_sleep_time -= 30;
				ps->_food_weight += 2;//速度增加食物分数增加
			}
		}
		else if (KEY_PRESS(VK_F6))//减速
		{
			if (ps->_sleep_time < 320)
			{
				ps->_sleep_time += 30;
				ps->_food_weight -= 2;
			}
		}

		SnakeMove(ps);//蛇的移动

		Sleep(ps->_sleep_time);

	} while (ps->_status == OK);

}
void GameEnd(pSnake ps)
{
	SetPos(60, 5);
	switch (ps->_status)
	{
	case END_NORMAL:
		printf("主动退出游戏\n");
		break;
	case KILL_BY_WALL:
		printf("撞到墙啦o(╥﹏╥)o\n");
		break;
	case KILL_BY_SELF:
		printf("撞到自己啦┭┮﹏┭┮\n");
		break;
	}
	//释放蛇身的链表
	pSnakeNode cur = ps->_pSnake;
	while (cur)
	{
		pSnakeNode tmp = cur;
		cur = cur->next;
		free(tmp);
		tmp = NULL;
	}


}

void GameStart(pSnake ps)
{
	//0. 设置窗口大小，隐藏光标
	system("mode con cols=100 lines=30");
	system("title 贪吃蛇");
	HANDLE houtput = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
	//隐藏光标操作 
	CONSOLE_CURSOR_INFO CursorInfo;
	GetConsoleCursorInfo(houtput, &CursorInfo);//获取控制台光标状态
	CursorInfo.bVisible = false;//隐藏控制台光标
	SetConsoleCursorInfo(houtput, &CursorInfo);//设置控制台光标状态


	//1. 打印环境界面
	Welcome();
	//2. 绘制地图 
	CreateMap();
	//3. 创建蛇
	InitSnake(ps);
	//4. 创建食物
	CreateFood(ps);
}

三. 测试游戏文件

#include"snake.h"

//完成游戏测试逻辑
void test()
{
	int f = 1;
	srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));
	
	do
	{
		system("cls");
		//创建贪吃蛇
		Snake  snake = { 0 };

		//初始化游戏
		GameStart(&snake);
		//玩游戏
		GameRun(&snake);
		//结束游戏
		GameEnd(&snake);
		system("cls");
		SetPos(35, 14);
		printf("是否再来一局(Y/N):");
		while(1)
		{
			if (KEY_PRESS(78))
			{
				f = 0;
				break;
			}
			if (KEY_PRESS(89))
			{
				break;
			}
		}
	} while (f);
	SetPos(0, 27);//结束游戏的文字打印到下方
}

int main()
{
	setlocale(LC_ALL, "");
	test();
	return 0;
}

我好水............