linux 常见指令
Alt +Enter 全屏 退出全屏
pwd： 显示用户所处路径
ls ：显示当前路径下的文件或者目录名称
[lt@VM-8-13-centos ~]$ ls
106
[lt@VM-8-13-centos ~]$
ls -l =ll ：显示当前路径下的文件或者目录名称更多属性信息
[lt@VM-8-13-centos ~]$ ls -l
total 4
drwxrwxr-x 3 lt lt 4096 Feb 21 18:29 106
cd 你的路径 ：切换路径，让我们进入不同路径下进行操作
[lt@VM-8-13-centos ~]$ cd 106
[lt@VM-8-13-centos 106]$ pwd
/home/lt/106
文件
文件=文件内容+文件属性（空文件也占磁盘空间）
文件之间（普通文件 和目录）
cd .. ：(返回上级目录)
[lt@VM-8-13-centos 106]$ cd ..
[lt@VM-8-13-centos ~]$ cd ..
[lt@VM-8-13-centos home]$
以 .开头的文件，在linux 下我们叫做隐藏文件
ls -al=ll-a ：显示全部文件（包括隐藏文件）的更多信息
ls-a ：显示所有文件包括隐藏文件
[lt@VM-8-13-centos ~]$ ls -a
. 106 .bash_logout .bashrc .config .viminfo
.. .bash_history .bash_profile .cache .file .youcannotseeme
. ：当前目录 .. ：上级目录（路径）
[lt@VM-8-13-centos 106]$ mkdir lesson1
[lt@VM-8-13-centos 106]$ pwd
/home/lt/106
[lt@VM-8-13-centos 106]$ cd lesson1
[lt@VM-8-13-centos lesson1]$ pwd
/home/lt/106/lesson1
[lt@VM-8-13-centos lesson1]$ cd ..
[lt@VM-8-13-centos 106]$ cd ..
[lt@VM-8-13-centos ~]$
mkdir ：创建目录或者路径 touch ： 创建文件
ls -l (+路径) ： 会把路径下的文件显示出来
ls -ld (+路径) ： 不把路径下的文件显示出来，只显示路径
ls -R ： 列出所有子目录下的文件
cd 目录名
改变工作目录。将当前工作目录改变到指定的目录下。
cd .. : 返回上级目录
cd /home/litao/linux/ : 绝对路径
cd ../day02/ : 相对路径
cd ~ ：进入用户家目
cd - ：返回最近访问目录
[lt@VM-8-13-centos lesson1]$ pwd
/home/lt/106/lesson1
[lt@VM-8-13-centos lesson1]$ cd ..
[lt@VM-8-13-centos 106]$ cd..
-bash: cd..: command not found
[lt@VM-8-13-centos 106]$ pwd
/home/lt/106
[lt@VM-8-13-centos 106]$ cd ..
[lt@VM-8-13-centos ~]$ pwd
/home/lt
[lt@VM-8-13-centos ~]$ cd ..
[lt@VM-8-13-centos home]$ pwd
/home
[lt@VM-8-13-centos home]$ cd ..
[lt@VM-8-13-centos /]$ pwd
/
[lt@VM-8-13-centos /]$ cd ..
[lt@VM-8-13-centos /]$ pwd
/
[lt@VM-8-13-centos /]$
/为根目录 绝对路径:/home/lt/106/lesson2 从根开始
[lt@VM-8-13-centos 106]$ cd lesson2
[lt@VM-8-13-centos lesson2]$ pwd
/home/lt/106/lesson2
[lt@VM-8-13-centos lesson2]$
相对路径，不从根开始
tree . ：当前路径所有文件 tree .. ：上级路径所有文件
[lt@VM-8-13-centos 106]$ tree .
.
|-- lesson1
| `-- 106.txt
`-- lesson2
|-- test.1
|-- test.2
`-- test.c
2 directories, 4 files
[lt@VM-8-13-centos 106]$ tree ..
..
`-- 106
|-- lesson1
| `-- 106.txt
`-- lesson2
|-- test.1
|-- test.2
`-- test.c
3 directories, 4 files
[lt@VM-8-13-centos 106]$ tree /home/lt
/home/lt
`-- 106
|-- lesson1
| `-- 106.txt
`-- lesson2
|-- test.1
|-- test.2
`-- test.c
/home/xxxx :叫做xxx用户的工作路径，或者家目录。默认所处路径
如果你是root 用户，默认所处路径是/root
[lt@VM-8-13-centos ~]$ ls /home
lrk lt
[lt@VM-8-13-centos ~]$
ctrl +d ：表示退出重登
cd ~ ：进入用户家目
[lt@VM-8-13-centos ~]$ cd ~//进入当前用户家目录或者工作目录
[lt@VM-8-13-centos ~]$ pwd
/home/lt
[lt@VM-8-13-centos ~]$
cd - ： 返回最近一次所在的路径
[lt@VM-8-13-centos ~]$ cd ./106
[lt@VM-8-13-centos 106]$ pwd
/home/lt/106
[lt@VM-8-13-centos 106]$ cd -
/home/lt
[lt@VM-8-13-centos ~]$ cd -
/home/lt/106
[lt@VM-8-13-centos 106]$
touch: 是一个linux下创建 普通文件的命令
touch 文件名 ：更新文件时间
[lt@VM-8-13-centos lesson2]$ ls -l
total 4
-rw-rw-r-- 1 lt lt 0 Feb 21 21:25 test.1
-rw-rw-r-- 1 lt lt 0 Feb 21 21:25 test.2
-rw-rw-r-- 1 lt lt 132 Feb 21 18:36 test.c
[lt@VM-8-13-centos lesson2]$ touch test.c
[lt@VM-8-13-centos lesson2]$ ls -l
total 4
-rw-rw-r-- 1 lt lt 0 Feb 21 21:25 test.1
-rw-rw-r-- 1 lt lt 0 Feb 21 21:25 test.2
-rw-rw-r-- 1 lt lt 132 Feb 21 22:06 test.c
[lt@VM-8-13-centos lesson2]$
mkdir ：创建目录
[lt@VM-8-13-centos lesson2]$ mkdir 107/108 //mkdir 要想创建多个目录需要 -p
mkdir: cannot create directory ‘107/108’: No such file or directory
[lt@VM-8-13-centos lesson2]$ mkdir -p 107/108 //创建多个目录
[lt@VM-8-13-centos lesson2]$ ll
total 8
drwxrwxr-x 3 lt lt 4096 Feb 21 22:10 107
-rw-rw-r-- 1 lt lt 0 Feb 21 21:25 test.1
-rw-rw-r-- 1 lt lt 0 Feb 21 21:25 test.2
-rw-rw-r-- 1 lt lt 132 Feb 21 22:06 test.c
[lt@VM-8-13-centos lesson2]$
rmdir :用来删除空目录
7 directories, 5 files
[lt@VM-8-13-centos ~]$ rmdir mytex // remove directory
rmdir: failed to remove ‘mytex’: Not a directory//不是一个目录
[lt@VM-8-13-centos ~]$ rmdir 106
rmdir: failed to remove ‘106’: Directory not empty//不是空目录
[lt@VM-8-13-centos ~]$
rm: 默认删除普通文件（不能删除目录） rm -r 目录 :（就可以删除目录了）
drwxrwxr-x 4 lt lt 4096 Feb 21 19:54 106
drwxrwxr-x 3 lt lt 4096 Feb 22 09:36 empty
[lt@VM-8-13-centos ~]$ tree .
.
|-- 106
| |-- lesson1
| | `-- 106.txt
| `-- lesson2
| |-- 107
| | `-- 108
| |-- test.1
| |-- test.2
| `-- test.c
`-- empty
`-- empty1
7 directories, 4 files
[lt@VM-8-13-centos ~]$ rm empty
rm: cannot remove ‘empty’: Is a directory
[lt@VM-8-13-centos ~]$ rm -r empty// -r 递归删除
[lt@VM-8-13-centos ~]$ tree .
.
`-- 106
|-- lesson1
| `-- 106.txt
`-- lesson2
|-- 107
| `-- 108
|-- test.1
|-- test.2
`-- test.c
5 directories, 4 files
[lt@VM-8-13-centos ~]$
man : man 1是一个查看命令， man 2 : 系统调用， man 3c: 接口的一个手册。
cp : 拷贝目录和文件
cp 文件 目录
cp - r 目录 目录
mv :类似剪切功能 移动文件和目录
[lt@VM-8-13-centos 106]$ tree .
.
|-- cp_file
| `-- file.txt
|-- file.txt
|-- lesson1
| `-- 106.txt
`-- lesson2
|-- 107
| `-- 108
|-- test.1
|-- test.2
`-- test.c
5 directories, 6 files
[lt@VM-8-13-centos 106]$ mv lesson1 cp_file
[lt@VM-8-13-centos 106]$ tree .
.
|-- cp_file
| |-- file.txt
| `-- lesson1
| `-- 106.txt
|-- file.txt
`-- lesson2
|-- 107
| `-- 108
|-- test.1
|-- test.2
`-- test.c
mv: 对文件或者目录进行重命名。
[lt@VM-8-13-centos lesson2]$ tree .
.
|-- 107
| `-- 108
|-- test.1
|-- test.2
`-- test.c
2 directories, 3 files
[lt@VM-8-13-centos lesson2]$ mv test.1 test//test 不存在的文件名
[lt@VM-8-13-centos lesson2]$ tree .
.
|-- 107
| `-- 108
|-- test
|-- test.2
`-- test.c
2 directories, 3 files
[lt@VM-8-13-centos lesson2]$
more 文件名 less 文件名 :查看文本
hello 106 [1]
hello 106 [2]
hello 106 [3]
hello 106 [4]
hello 106 [5]
hello 106 [6]
hello 106 [7]
hello 106 [8]
hello 106 [9]
hello 106 [10]
hello 106 [11]
hello 106 [12]
hello 106 [13]
hello 106 [14]
hello 106 [15]
hello 106 [16]
hello 106 [17]
hello 106 [18]
test.txt