C++和Lua混和调用

发布于:2025-05-09 ⋅ 阅读:(20) ⋅ 点赞:(0)

为什么要C/C++

  • 流行的语言,学习人员多
  • 高性能,对于嵌入式设备则是省电
  • 大量的第三方库

为什么要Lua

  • C++缺点:编译慢,调试难,学习难度大
  • Lua优点:
    • 最快的脚本语言
    • 可以编译调试
    • 与C/C++结合容易
    • Lua是对性能有要求的必备脚本

lua基本语法

lua基础数据类型和变量

  • 全局变量
b = 10
  • 局部变量:尽量使用局部变量,保证变量控制
local b = 10
  • 数据类型

    • NIL

      • 用于区分具有一些数据或者没有数据的值
      • 全局变量设置为nil会交给垃圾回收
      local a = nil
      print(type(a)) --> nil
      
    • Booleans

      • Lua中所有的值都可以作为条件
      • 除了false和nil为假以外,其他的值都为真,0为真
    • Numbers

      • Lua中没有整数,都是用浮点数进行运算
      • 对应的c中的double类型
      • 新版中有基于64位的整形
      • tonumber()转换格式
    • Strings

      • tostring()格式转换
      • [[]]多行字符串赋值
      • 与C一样转义\
      • …字符串拼接
      • String 处理
        • 字符串长度string.len
        • 字符串子串string.sub(str, 3, 5)
        • 字符串查找local b,e = string.find(str, “HEAD”) 支持正则
        • 字符串替换string.gsub(str, "HEAD, “XCJ”)

lua控制结构语句

条件判断

  • if 条件语句
if conditions then
	tehn-part
elseif condition then
	elseif-part
else 
	else-part
end
  • 逻辑运算
    • and or not
    • < > <= >= ~= ==

循环语句

  • while循环语句
while condition do
    statements
end

break 退出循环

  • repeat循环语句
repeat
    statements
until conditions

break 退出循环

  • for 循环语句
/// 1
for var=from, to, step do
    loop-part
end
/// 2
for i,v in ipairs(a) do 
    print(v)
end

break 退出循环

lua表和函数

lua表

  • 表的大小 table.getn(t1)
  • 插入 table.insert(a, pos, line)
    • 不传pos相当于push_back
  • 删除table.remove(a, pos)返回这次删除的值
    • 不传pos相当于pop_back
local tab1 = {"001", "002", "003"}
for i, v in ipairs(tab1) do
    print(i..":"..v)
end

print("======= insert =======")
table.insert(tab1, 3, "002-2")

table.insert(tab1, "004")
for i, v in ipairs(tab1) do
    print(i..":"..v)
end

print("======= remove =======")
table.remove(tab1, 3)
table.remove(tab1)
for i, v in ipairs(tab1) do
    print(i..":"..v)
end


local tab1 = { id = 123, age = 20}
tab1["name"] = "aaa"
print("====== insert ======")
for k, v in pairs(tab1) do
    print(k..":"..v)
end

print("====== remove ======")
tab1["id"] = nil
for k, v in pairs(tab1) do
    print(k..":"..v)
end

print("====== tab3 ======")
local tab3 = {}
 tab3[1] = {"1", "2"}
 tab3[2] = {"3", "4"}
for k, v in pairs(tab3) do
    for k2, v2 in pairs(v) do
        print(k.."::"..k2..":"..v2)
    end
end

lua函数

  • 函数语法
function func_name(args)
	statement-list;
end
function test1(args)
	print(args)
end
function test2(args)
	return 1
end
test1(11)
print(test2(11))

lua调用C++

函数调用

#include <iostream>

extern "C"
{
   #include "lua.h"
   #include "lauxlib.h"
   #include "lualib.h"
}

int test(lua_State* L)
{
    printf("int test");
    return 0;
}

int main()
{
    lua_State *L = lua_open();
    luaopen_base(L);
    luaopen_string(L);
    luaopen_table(L);

    lua_register(L, "test", test);

    luaL_loadfile(L, "main.lua");
    lua_pcall(L, 0, 0, 0);
    return 0;
}

test()

参数传递

  • 传递普通参数
#include <iostream>

extern "C"
{
   #include "lua.h"
   #include "lauxlib.h"
   #include "lualib.h"
}

int test(lua_State* L)
{
    printf("int test\n");
    size_t len;
    const char* str = lua_tolstring(L, 1, &len);
    printf("lua args %s\n", str);
    int age = lua_tointeger(L, 2);
    printf("lua args %d\n", age);
    return 0;
}


int main()
{
    lua_State *L = lua_open();
    luaopen_base(L);
    luaopen_string(L);
    luaopen_table(L);

    lua_register(L, "test", test);
    luaL_loadfile(L, "main.lua");
    lua_pcall(L, 0, 0, 0);
    return 0;
}

test("hello lua", 123)
  • 传递数组
#include <iostream>

extern "C"
{
   #include "lua.h"
   #include "lauxlib.h"
   #include "lualib.h"
}

int test(lua_State* L)
{
    printf("int test\n");
    size_t len;
    const char* str = lua_tolstring(L, 1, &len);
    printf("lua args %s\n", str);
    int age = lua_tointeger(L, 2);
    printf("lua args %d\n", age);
    return 0;
}
int test_array(lua_State *L)
{
    printf("init test_array\n");
    int len = luaL_getn(L, 1);
    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
    {
        lua_pushnumber(L, i + 1);
        lua_gettable(L, 1); // pop idx  push 压入table
        size_t len;
        printf("%s\n", lua_tolstring(L, -1, &len));
        lua_pop(L, 1);
    }
    return 0;
}

int main()
{
    lua_State *L = lua_open();
    luaopen_base(L);
    luaopen_string(L);
    luaopen_table(L);

    lua_register(L, "test", test);
    lua_register(L, "test_array", test_array);
    luaL_loadfile(L, "main.lua");
    lua_pcall(L, 0, 0, 0);
    return 0;
}
local tab = {"001", "002", "003"}
test_array(tab)
  • 传递kv表
int test_array2(lua_State *L)
{
    printf("init test_array2\n");
//    lua_pushnil(L);
//    while (lua_next(L, 1) != 0)
//    {
//        printf("key = %s\n", lua_tostring(L, -2));
//        printf("value = %s\n", lua_tostring(L, -1));
//        lua_pop(L, 1);
//    }
    lua_getfield(L, 1, "age");
    printf("age = %s\n", lua_tostring(L, -1));
    return 0;
}

local tab = {name="xiaoming", age="22", id="007"}
test_array2(tab)
  • C++参数类型检查
int test_array2(lua_State *L)
{
    luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
    if (lua_type(L, 2) != LUA_TNUMBER)
    {
        printf("arg2 is not number\n");
    }
    printf("init test_array2\n");
    lua_getfield(L, 1, "age");
    printf("age = %s\n", lua_tostring(L, -1));
    return 0;
}
local tab = {name="xiaoming", age="22", id="007"}
local size = "108"
test_array2(tab, size)

返回值获取

  • C++返回值普通类型
int test_ret(lua_State *L)
{
    lua_pushstring(L, "test_ret");
    return 1;
}
print(test_ret())
  • 返回对象
int test_ret(lua_State *L)
{
    lua_newtable(L);
    lua_pushstring(L, "name");
    lua_pushstring(L, "zhangsan");
    lua_settable(L, -3);
    lua_pushstring(L, "age");
    lua_pushnumber(L, 21);
    lua_settable(L, -3);
    return 1;
}
tab = test_ret()
print(tab["name"])
print(tab["age"])

C++调用lua

全局变量访问(普通、表)

int main()
{
    lua_State *L = lua_open();
    luaopen_base(L);
    luaopen_string(L);
    luaopen_table(L);

    lua_register(L, "test", test);
    lua_register(L, "test_array", test_array);
    lua_register(L, "test_array2", test_array2);
    lua_register(L, "test_ret", test_ret);
    lua_pushstring(L, "hello");
    lua_setglobal(L, "test1_hello");

    lua_newtable(L);
    lua_pushstring(L, "name");
    lua_pushstring(L, "lisi");
    lua_settable(L, -3);
    lua_setglobal(L, "test1_table");

    if (luaL_loadfile(L, "main.lua"))
    {
        const char *error = lua_tostring(L, -1);
        printf("lua call error: %s\n", error);
        return -1;
    }
    if (lua_pcall(L, 0, 0, 0))
    {
        const char *error = lua_tostring(L, -1);
        printf("lua call error: %s\n", error);
        return -1;
    }
    lua_getglobal(L, "width");
    int width = lua_tonumber(L, -1);
    lua_pop(L, 1);
    printf("width = %d\n", width);

    lua_getglobal(L, "tab1");
    lua_getfield(L, -1, "name");
    printf("%s\n", lua_tostring(L, -1));
    lua_getfield(L, -2, "age");
    printf("%d\n", (int)lua_tonumber(L, -1));
    lua_pop(L, 3);


    lua_close(L);
    return 0;
}
width = 20
tab1 = {name="zhangsan", age=20}
print(test1_hello)

for i, v in pairs(test1_table) do
    print(i..":"..v)
end

函数调用(参数,返回值)

int main()
{
    lua_State *L = lua_open();
    luaopen_base(L);
    luaopen_string(L);
    luaopen_table(L);

    lua_register(L, "test", test);
    lua_register(L, "test_array", test_array);
    lua_register(L, "test_array2", test_array2);
    lua_register(L, "test_ret", test_ret);
    lua_pushstring(L, "hello");
    lua_setglobal(L, "test1_hello");

    lua_newtable(L);
    lua_pushstring(L, "name");
    lua_pushstring(L, "lisi");
    lua_settable(L, -3);
    lua_setglobal(L, "test1_table");

    if (luaL_loadfile(L, "main.lua"))
    {
        const char *error = lua_tostring(L, -1);
        printf("lua call error: %s\n", error);
        lua_pop(L, 1);
    }
    if (lua_pcall(L, 0, 0, 0))
    {
        const char *error = lua_tostring(L, -1);
        printf("lua call error: %s\n", error);
        lua_pop(L, 1);
    }
    lua_getglobal(L, "width");
    int width = lua_tonumber(L, -1);
    lua_pop(L, 1);
    printf("width = %d\n", width);

    lua_getglobal(L, "tab1");
    lua_getfield(L, -1, "name");
    printf("%s\n", lua_tostring(L, -1));
    lua_getfield(L, -2, "age");
    printf("%d\n", (int)lua_tonumber(L, -1));
    lua_pop(L, 3);

    // 调用函数
    lua_getglobal(L, "event");
    lua_pushstring(L, "key");
    lua_pushstring(L, "value");
    if (lua_pcall(L, 2, 1, 0) != 0)
    {
        const char *error = lua_tostring(L, -1);
        printf("lua call error: %s\n", error);
        lua_pop(L, 1);
    }
    else
    {
        printf("lua call error: %s\n", lua_tostring(L, -1));
        lua_pop(L, 1);
    }
    printf("top is %d\n", lua_gettop(L));

    lua_close(L);
    return 0;
}
width = 20
tab1 = {name="zhangsan", age=20}
print(test1_hello)

for i, v in pairs(test1_table) do
    print(i..":"..v)
end

function event(key, value)
    print("key:"..key.."  value:"..value)
    return "aaaaa"
end

function event(args)
    for i,v in ipairs(args) do
        print("key:"..i.."  value:"..v)
    end
end

备注: 注意栈空间清理,防止内存泄露, 防止多线程互斥问题。


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