经典shell运维实用脚本～-易微帮

以下脚本可谓日常工作常用到的经典脚本案例。希望可以帮助大家提升提升自动化能力！

1、监控100台服务器磁盘利用率脚本

#!/bin/bashHOST_INFO=host.infofor IP in $(awk '/^[^#]/{print $1}' $HOST_INFO); do    USER=$(awk -v ip=$IP 'ip==$1{print $2}' $HOST_INFO)    PORT=$(awk -v ip=$IP 'ip==$1{print $3}' $HOST_INFO)    TMP_FILE=/tmp/disk.tmp    ssh -p $PORT $USER@$IP 'df -h' > $TMP_FILE    USE_RATE_LIST=$(awk 'BEGIN{OFS="="}/^\/dev/{print $NF,int($5)}' $TMP_FILE)    for USE_RATE in $USE_RATE_LIST; do        PART_NAME=${USE_RATE%=*}        USE_RATE=${USE_RATE#*=}        if [ $USE_RATE -ge 80 ]; then            echo "Warning: $PART_NAME Partition usage $USE_RATE%!"        fi    donedone

2、监控MySQL主从同步状态是否异常脚本

#!/bin/bash  HOST=localhostUSER=rootPASSWD=123.comIO_SQL_STATUS=$(mysql -h$HOST -u$USER -p$PASSWD -e 'show slave status\G' 2>/dev/null |awk '/Slave_.*_Running:/{print $1$2}')for i in $IO_SQL_STATUS; do    THREAD_STATUS_NAME=${i%:*}    THREAD_STATUS=${i#*:}    if [ "$THREAD_STATUS" != "Yes" ]; then        echo "Error: MySQL Master-Slave $THREAD_STATUS_NAME status is $THREAD_STATUS!" |mail -s "Master-Slave Staus" xxx@163.com    fidone

3、MySQL数据库备份单循环

#!/bin/bashDATE=$(date +%F_%H-%M-%S)HOST=localhostUSER=backupPASS=123.comBACKUP_DIR=/data/db_backupDB_LIST=$(mysql -h$HOST -u$USER -p$PASS -s -e "show databases;" 2>/dev/null |egrep -v "Database|information_schema|mysql|performance_schema|sys")
for DB in $DB_LIST; do    BACKUP_NAME=$BACKUP_DIR/${DB}_${DATE}.sql    if ! mysqldump -h$HOST -u$USER -p$PASS -B $DB > $BACKUP_NAME 2>/dev/null; then        echo "$BACKUP_NAME 备份失败!"    fidone

4、MySQL数据库备份多循环

#!/bin/bashDATE=$(date +%F_%H-%M-%S)HOST=localhostUSER=backupPASS=123.comBACKUP_DIR=/data/db_backupDB_LIST=$(mysql -h$HOST -u$USER -p$PASS -s -e "show databases;" 2>/dev/null |egrep -v "Database|information_schema|mysql|performance_schema|sys")
for DB in $DB_LIST; do    BACKUP_DB_DIR=$BACKUP_DIR/${DB}_${DATE}    [ ! -d $BACKUP_DB_DIR ] && mkdir -p $BACKUP_DB_DIR &>/dev/null    TABLE_LIST=$(mysql -h$HOST -u$USER -p$PASS -s -e "use $DB;show tables;" 2>/dev/null)    for TABLE in $TABLE_LIST; do        BACKUP_NAME=$BACKUP_DB_DIR/${TABLE}.sql         if ! mysqldump -h$HOST -u$USER -p$PASS $DB $TABLE > $BACKUP_NAME 2>/dev/null; then            echo "$BACKUP_NAME 备份失败!"        fi    donedone

5、Dos攻击防范（自动屏蔽攻击IP）

#!/bin/bashDATE=$(date +%d/%b/%Y:%H:%M)LOG_FILE=/usr/local/nginx/logs/demo2.access.logABNORMAL_IP=$(tail -n5000 $LOG_FILE |grep $DATE |awk '{a[$1]++}END{for(i in a)if(a[i]>10)print i}')for IP in $ABNORMAL_IP; do    if [ $(iptables -vnL |grep -c "$IP") -eq 0 ]; then        iptables -I INPUT -s $IP -j DROP        echo "$(date +'%F_%T') $IP" >> /tmp/drop_ip.log    fidone

6、Linux系统发送告警脚本

# yum install mailx# vi /etc/mail.rc  set from=baojingtongzhi@163.com smtp=smtp.163.comset smtp-auth-user=baojingtongzhi@163.com smtp-auth-password=123456set smtp-auth=login

7、nginx 访问访问日志按天切割

#!/bin/bashLOG_DIR=/usr/local/nginx/logsYESTERDAY_TIME=$(date -d "yesterday" +%F)LOG_MONTH_DIR=$LOG_DIR/$(date +"%Y-%m")LOG_FILE_LIST="default.access.log"
for LOG_FILE in $LOG_FILE_LIST; do    [ ! -d $LOG_MONTH_DIR ] && mkdir -p $LOG_MONTH_DIR    mv $LOG_DIR/$LOG_FILE $LOG_MONTH_DIR/${LOG_FILE}_${YESTERDAY_TIME}done
kill -USR1 $(cat /var/run/nginx.pid)

8、nginx访问日志分析脚本

#!/bin/bash# 日志格式: $remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" $status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"LOG_FILE=$1echo "统计访问最多的10个IP"awk '{a[$1]++}END{print "UV:",length(a);for(v in a)print v,a[v]}' $LOG_FILE |sort -k2 -nr |head -10echo "----------------------"
echo "统计时间段访问最多的IP"awk '$4>="[01/Dec/2018:13:20:25" && $4<="[27/Nov/2018:16:20:49"{a[$1]++}END{for(v in a)print v,a[v]}' $LOG_FILE |sort -k2 -nr|head -10echo "----------------------"
echo "统计访问最多的10个页面"awk '{a[$7]++}END{print "PV:",length(a);for(v in a){if(a[v]>10)print v,a[v]}}' $LOG_FILE |sort -k2 -nrecho "----------------------"
echo "统计访问页面状态码数量"awk '{a[$7" "$9]++}END{for(v in a){if(a[v]>5)print v,a[v]}}' $LOG_FILE |sort -k3 -nr

9、查看网卡实时流量脚本

#!/bin/bashNIC=$1echo -e " In ------ Out"while true; do    OLD_IN=$(awk '$0~"'$NIC'"{print $2}' /proc/net/dev)    OLD_OUT=$(awk '$0~"'$NIC'"{print $10}' /proc/net/dev)    sleep 1    NEW_IN=$(awk  '$0~"'$NIC'"{print $2}' /proc/net/dev)    NEW_OUT=$(awk '$0~"'$NIC'"{print $10}' /proc/net/dev)    IN=$(printf "%.1f%s" "$((($NEW_IN-$OLD_IN)/1024))" "KB/s")    OUT=$(printf "%.1f%s" "$((($NEW_OUT-$OLD_OUT)/1024))" "KB/s")    echo "$IN $OUT"    sleep 1done

10、服务器系统配置初始化脚本

#/bin/bash# 设置时区并同步时间ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtimeif ! crontab -l |grep ntpdate &>/dev/null ; then    (echo "* 1 * * * ntpdate time.windows.com >/dev/null 2>&1";crontab -l) |crontab fi
# 禁用selinuxsed -i '/SELINUX/{s/permissive/disabled/}' /etc/selinux/config
# 关闭防火墙if egrep "7.[0-9]" /etc/redhat-release &>/dev/null; then    systemctl stop firewalld    systemctl disable firewalldelif egrep "6.[0-9]" /etc/redhat-release &>/dev/null; then    service iptables stop    chkconfig iptables offfi
# 历史命令显示操作时间if ! grep HISTTIMEFORMAT /etc/bashrc; then    echo 'export HISTTIMEFORMAT="%F %T `whoami` "' >> /etc/bashrcfi
# SSH超时时间if ! grep "TMOUT=600" /etc/profile &>/dev/null; then    echo "export TMOUT=600" >> /etc/profilefi
# 禁止root远程登录sed -i 's/#PermitRootLogin yes/PermitRootLogin no/' /etc/ssh/sshd_config
# 禁止定时任务向发送邮件sed -i 's/^MAILTO=root/MAILTO=""/' /etc/crontab 
# 设置最大打开文件数if ! grep "* soft nofile 65535" /etc/security/limits.conf &>/dev/null; then    cat >> /etc/security/limits.conf << EOF    * soft nofile 65535    * hard nofile 65535    EOFfi
# 系统内核优化cat >> /etc/sysctl.conf << EOFnet.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 20480net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 20480net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 262144net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 20  EOF
# 减少SWAP使用echo "0" > /proc/sys/vm/swappiness
# 安装系统性能分析工具及其他yum install gcc make autoconf vim sysstat net-tools iostat iftop iotp lrzsz -y

11、目录文件变化监控和实时文件同步

#!/bin/bash
MON_DIR=/optinotifywait -mqr --format %f -e create $MON_DIR |\while read files; do   rsync -avz /opt /tmp/opt   #echo "$(date +'%F %T') create $files" | mail -s "dir monitor" xxx@163.comdone

12、批量创建100用户并设置密码脚本

#!/bin/bashDATE=$@USER_FILE=user.txtfor USER in $USER_LIST; do    if ! id $USER &>/dev/null; then        PASS=$(echo $RANDOM |md5sum |cut -c 1-8)        useradd $USER        echo $PASS |passwd --stdin $USER &>/dev/null        echo "$USER   $PASS" >> $USER_FILE        echo "$USER User create successful."    else        echo "$USER User already exists!"    fidone

13、批量检测网站是否异常脚本

#!/bin/bash  URL_LIST="www.baidu.com www.ctnrs.com"for URL in $URL_LIST; do    FAIL_COUNT=0    for ((i=1;i<=3;i++)); do        HTTP_CODE=$(curl -o /dev/null --connect-timeout 3 -s -w "%{http_code}" $URL)        if [ $HTTP_CODE -eq 200 ]; then            echo "$URL OK"            break        else            echo "$URL retry $FAIL_COUNT"            let FAIL_COUNT++        fi    done    if [ $FAIL_COUNT -eq 3 ]; then        echo "Warning: $URL Access failure!"    fidone

14、批量主机远程执行命令脚本

#!/bin/bashCOMMAND=$*HOST_INFO=host.infofor IP in $(awk '/^[^#]/{print $1}' $HOST_INFO); do    USER=$(awk -v ip=$IP 'ip==$1{print $2}' $HOST_INFO)    PORT=$(awk -v ip=$IP 'ip==$1{print $3}' $HOST_INFO)    PASS=$(awk -v ip=$IP 'ip==$1{print $4}' $HOST_INFO)    expect -c "       spawn ssh -p $PORT $USER@$IP       expect {          \"(yes/no)\" {send \"yes\r\"; exp_continue}          \"password:\" {send \"$PASS\r\"; exp_continue}          \"$USER@*\" {send \"$COMMAND\r exit\r\"; exp_continue}       }    "    echo "-------------------"done

15、一键部署LNMP网站平台脚本

#!/bin/bashNGINX_V=1.15.6PHP_V=5.6.36TMP_DIR=/tmp
INSTALL_DIR=/usr/local
PWD_C=$PWD
echoecho -e "\tMenu\n"echo -e "1. Install Nginx"echo -e "2. Install PHP"echo -e "3. Install MySQL"echo -e "4. Deploy LNMP"echo -e "9. Quit"
function command_status_check() {  if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then    echo $1    exit  fi }
function install_nginx() {    cd $TMP_DIR    yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ make openssl-devel pcre-devel wget    wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-${NGINX_V}.tar.gz    tar zxf nginx-${NGINX_V}.tar.gz    cd nginx-${NGINX_V}    ./configure --prefix=$INSTALL_DIR/nginx \    --with-http_ssl_module \    --with-http_stub_status_module \    --with-stream    command_status_check "Nginx - 平台环境检查失败！"    make -j 4     command_status_check "Nginx - 编译失败！"    make install    command_status_check "Nginx - 安装失败！"    mkdir -p $INSTALL_DIR/nginx/conf/vhost    alias cp=cp ; cp -rf $PWD_C/nginx.conf $INSTALL_DIR/nginx/conf    rm -rf $INSTALL_DIR/nginx/html/*    echo "ok" > $INSTALL_DIR/nginx/html/status.html    echo '<?php echo "ok"?>' > $INSTALL_DIR/nginx/html/status.php    $INSTALL_DIR/nginx/sbin/nginx    command_status_check "Nginx - 启动失败！"}
function install_php() {  cd $TMP_DIR    yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ make gd-devel libxml2-devel \        libcurl-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel openssl-devel \        libmcrypt-devel libxslt-devel libtidy-devel    wget http://docs.php.net/distributions/php-${PHP_V}.tar.gz    tar zxf php-${PHP_V}.tar.gz    cd php-${PHP_V}    ./configure --prefix=$INSTALL_DIR/php \    --with-config-file-path=$INSTALL_DIR/php/etc \    --enable-fpm --enable-opcache \    --with-mysql --with-mysqli --with-pdo-mysql \    --with-openssl --with-zlib --with-curl --with-gd \    --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-freetype-dir \    --enable-mbstring --enable-hash    command_status_check "PHP - 平台环境检查失败！"    make -j 4     command_status_check "PHP - 编译失败！"    make install    command_status_check "PHP - 安装失败！"    cp php.ini-production $INSTALL_DIR/php/etc/php.ini    cp sapi/fpm/php-fpm.conf $INSTALL_DIR/php/etc/php-fpm.conf    cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm    chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm    /etc/init.d/php-fpm start    command_status_check "PHP - 启动失败！"}
read -p "请输入编号：" numbercase $number in    1)        install_nginx;;    2)        install_php;;    3)        install_mysql;;    4)        install_nginx        install_php        ;;    9)        exit;;esac

16、一键查看服务器资源利用率

#!/bin/bashfunction cpu() {    NUM=1    while [ $NUM -le 3 ]; do        util=`vmstat |awk '{if(NR==3)print 100-$15"%"}'`        user=`vmstat |awk '{if(NR==3)print $13"%"}'`        sys=`vmstat |awk '{if(NR==3)print $14"%"}'`        iowait=`vmstat |awk '{if(NR==3)print $16"%"}'`        echo "CPU - 使用率: $util , 等待磁盘IO响应使用率: $iowait"        let NUM++        sleep 1    done}
function memory() {    total=`free -m |awk '{if(NR==2)printf "%.1f",$2/1024}'`    used=`free -m |awk '{if(NR==2) printf "%.1f",($2-$NF)/1024}'`    available=`free -m |awk '{if(NR==2) printf "%.1f",$NF/1024}'`    echo "内存 - 总大小: ${total}G , 使用: ${used}G , 剩余: ${available}G"}
function disk() {    fs=$(df -h |awk '/^\/dev/{print $1}')    for p in $fs; do        mounted=$(df -h |awk '$1=="'$p'"{print $NF}')        size=$(df -h |awk '$1=="'$p'"{print $2}')        used=$(df -h |awk '$1=="'$p'"{print $3}')        used_percent=$(df -h |awk '$1=="'$p'"{print $5}')        echo "硬盘 - 挂载点: $mounted , 总大小: $size , 使用: $used , 使用率: $used_percent"    done}
function tcp_status() {    summary=$(ss -antp |awk '{status[$1]++}END{for(i in status) printf i":"status[i]" "}')    echo "TCP连接状态 - $summary"}
cpumemorydisktcp_status

17、找出占用CPU 内存过高的进程脚本

ps -eo user,pid,pcpu,pmem,args --sort=-pcpu  |head -n 10
ps -eo user,pid,pcpu,pmem,args --sort=-pmem  |head -n 10

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